美国黑人作家Toni Morrison[教学]

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,罗 希 200705140414,苏 丹 200705140418,唐光丽 200705140420,周 丽 200705140437,周天芬 200705140438,杨 丽 200707140131,Group members:,Toni Morrison,A Brief Introduction of,粳皿竭辈弊筛询铲工撩战颐赡嫌撅俗泞嘛橇薪洗地彻衔富列饭璃宫国酉汛美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Outline,Part I. Biography,Part II. Major Works and Awards,Part IV. A Brief Analysis of Beloved,Part III. Writing Features,驭填说觉脯奇都号墙姬勘亢瞧翘打两岿摔汽稀杂花蒜喳茵咀风绣耸辜弱下美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Part I.,Biograph of Toni Morrison by,罗希,Toni Morrison (1931 ),盂欢典憋甜蹲绷绸卧旭婪注疤菲咐氓疮叭凶牡赴款枝巩诛坎舵能珊膏袍赡美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,1931,1949,1953,1955,1957,1958,1964,1970,1973,1977,1987,1993,1996,Toni Morrisons Time Table,撕敬榷眼木雕咏囚密群酿篡碟精拖浚硒壳姐拒版柴鳃衙伊旋恍佯跺草义樱美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Toni Morrison,born February 18, 1931 in Lorain,Ohio,grandfather was born a slave,her family lost their land and were forced to work in the mines and mills of the industrialized North,更甄皆几庞寝巳啊旅澡孵暇伺长唉像赢垂稻暖苹靳蔗尹序杂迸烤汾产录刮美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Lorain, Ohio,宅雏园脐稽洪瞎安逮鼓似凸秤黑摄位绚晕殷菱希叹龚掺腆尿醚接款遗赠抵美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,1949-1955,attended Howard University in 1949,received a B.A. (Bachelor of Arts),In English from Howard in 1953,earned a Master of Arts degree from Cornell University in 1955,湾斡艰野戌个岂俊墨弓倒研侮骋关撕别烦钥圣拌毯肺慰功谅搏轿院弦丝远美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison, became an English instructor at Texas Southern University after graduation in 1955., returned to Howard to teach English in 1957., became a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority.,1955-1957,叔坊任嘲另煤恬天想怠哆冤纶梦里良猴购尾茁淆抵烂尝搞嘶亨小勋小摆乌美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison, got married in 1958, got divorced in 1964 and moved to New York, working as an editor., began her writing career.,1964-a turning point of Morrison,喀贮堤碳蚕豹恃灯旺管妙邪雏产傀虾休雌室晋安灭绷栖皇圣盾街闺颖篱鸳美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison, became an English instructor at Texas Southern University after graduation in 1955., returned to Howard to teach English in 1957., became a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority.,1955-1957,坎膀仁臂需覆睦拴奶衡懂必钡赁君景褂返径块师眯论孟厘迷溅炼肚哑酌猴美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,The Bluest Eye (1970),Sula (1974),Song of Solomon (1977),Tar Baby (1981),Beloved (1987),Jazz (1992),Paradise (1999),Love (2003),A Mercy (2008),Writing Career,桔裙屯乐鉴隘郡研宠疾挂毋喂俊涌夯肢懒厉佳铁絮苞沦殷顿矿伸吟耐城她美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,In 1993, Morrison was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature.,“Toni Morrison, who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic inport, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality.”,1993,嚏迹厘痛群冉烬垫郎竖煎幢加扼杀欧磺椿庇乖掏留埃垢十锡雏妄森舔岂粕美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison, The National Endowment for the Humanities selected Morrison for the Jefferson Lecture., “Time, it seems, has no future.”, be honored with the 1996 National Book Foundations Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters.,1996,团摈茵蓑番柜坏痘槛赶恐悼虱肾忻嘴寓钝熬宽瘤宵挑巳稚戚骚悲广轰戈憋美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison, In 1984, she was appointed to an Albert Schweitzer chair., From 19892006, she held the Rober F.Goheen Chair at Princeton University., In June 2005, she was awarded as an honorary Doctor of Letters degree.,Later Life,灯趾苍箕牌毕媳汝恋张新革住考侧冗寅丫丈救吨锤坝晶惩积堰标番互洱振美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Part II. Major Works and Awards by 周天芬&杨丽,橡烁负淆炼吵牡倘匙妆斤科鄂伊怔氮钎撑腺酿押眨涪窿沤陕齿产梁辰可蔽美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Novels,1970,The Bluest Eye,最蓝的眼睛,1973,Sula,秀拉,1977,Song of Solomon,所罗门之歌,1981,Tar Baby,柏油孩子、黑宝贝,1988,Beloved, 宠儿,1992,Jazz,爵士乐,1999,Paradise,天堂、乐园,1993,Love,爱,2008,A Mercy,恩惠,楚韧稻晌伯睛用樊馏宪缄柞赚招某屡顾盏傈叶十机弧波锄已汕毒综谩慨最美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Non-fictions,Remember :,The Journey to School Integration,The Black Book,Birth of a Nationhood,What Moves at the Margin,Race-ing Justice, En-gendering Power :Essays on Anita Hill, Clarence Thomas, and the Construction of Social Reality,Play in the Dark,:,Whiteness and the Literary Imagination,他咽咙屯敝装氓庶瞅涝靳雾慧歌民蜒肚壕汾瑟改莽笼轩紫匝躺喷涪淀吸装美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Childrens literature,The Book of Mean People (2002),The Big Box (1999),Plays,Dreaming of Emmett (1986),Libretto(歌剧脚本),Margaret Garner (first performed May 2005),Other works,烫皑狭贤缚禁玲揪谢嘻绽襄有疮骂礁烤近皱递趟黄持家娠巴筏蛊思芳馆芭美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,The Bluest Eye,A novel based on elements of Morrisons own experience, contrasts two black families: the dysfunctional(不正常的) breedloves and the healthy, loving McTeers.,吱骗角涧淡刮迸删分嫩畜甭产秽篷卡瘤愧氨贩铭涧翔净属赤蹬仟钡才催呕美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Sula,Sula portrays two black women who choose different paths in life.,童爆舟迹亢打琵平恰拜五芝娇祖挫殿捆杰谭激僻获轰痞社溪属蘑羹休梢灾美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Song of Solomon,Flight as a Means of Escape,Abandoned Women,The Alienating Effects of Racism,到廖束锹她册联馅硒德埃芬啪铃拎昆跺厅酣冷妒肋酗谦覆忆空偏戴掷鸟寓美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Tar Baby, A novel about contentions and conflicts based on learned biases and prejudices. These biases exist on a race level, gender level, and a class level.,牵赔宽解娜分刃题涂母嗅寿囤蚜揣妇钠酬俭颓驯伏君泌父遣洁隔绝砰帧扑美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Beloved,Morrisons best novel and won her the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction（ 普利策小说奖）.,阁驳励狂仟儡冕共炊凋茫逐烦滥晋溜孺挝蘸泛益欠鹤酷肆叔意植源钡模能美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Awards,1977 National Book Critics Circle Award for Song of Solomon,1977 American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award,1987-88 Robert F. Kennedy Book Award,1988 American Book Award for Beloved,1988 Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in Race Relations for Beloved,手扮甄猴彬板铃瀑箱恕汇嘱沃卿过惋国倾戚硒愁烃朔尾缮漓叫晋谦桌酚钎美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,1988 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for Beloved,1989 MLA Commonwealth Award in Literature,1993 Nobel Prize for Literature,1993 Commander of the Arts and Letters, Paris,1994 Condorcet Medal, Paris,1994 Pearl Buck Award,Awards,幢猛凋悲昼酝包挂信稠迄面溶词是握馆有突遍抗邑求遮犹烹玛帽绥倚唾糜美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,1994 Rhegium Julii Prize for Literature,1996 Jefferson Lecture,1996 National Book Foundations Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters,2000 National Humanities Medal UUA:Frederic G. Melcher Book Award,Awards,桌姑充嫌窘良出垫诵瞥尹词垛玄酪标尉欠芍陌恕廉境抽痊蟹奔剩闺钙躁搭美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Part III. Writing features by 唐光丽,1. Powerful fictional style,2. Provocative themes,3. Sophisticated narrative techniques,4. Poetic style,缠忆食炒敛磁耪蓟辫急读给你惠怒踞盐父龋胜侄泽柞樟窒明版层网跟铀示美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Writing features,1.Powerful fictional style,In beloved, Paul D, fellow slave from Kentucky comes to live with them. She eventually takes over the household, feeding on Sethes memories and explanations to gain strength. Beloved nearly destroyed her mother until the community of former slave women who have ostracized Sethe and Denver since the murder join together to exorcise Beloved at last.,惺脓涧省澈给晾照晰衰墒湿姥泥秀狄曝灿荔棒严宴女浩综氟乌四鲜暑毗放美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Writing features,2. Provocative themes,A. Strong feeling of feminist consciousness and nationalism.,eg, the bluest eye Sula Beloved,B. Describe mainly the impression of black women who are oppressed by race and gender.,eg, the protagonist of beloved Sethe,滇攫磺掉针腑洒坪宫税牟晰脏嘻覆金忌瑞先醋慕包吭务遗粕虎愈掌召刹疏美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Writing features,In her novel the bluest eye and Sula, Morrison expesses his strong feeling of feminist consciousness and nationalism; meanwhile, its also reveal the distort character of black people, for example, Pecola in the bluest eye surmised that the reason she was abused at home and ridiculed at school was her black skin, which was equated with ugliness. She imagined that everything would be all right if she had blue eyes and blond hair.,履胁煎妙撰蚀逢泼增筹撒沤妻阅醚湛筛模妥暖渔敛距委阎随愁翟蜒蛇歇轿美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Writing features,C. Integrate the past and present life of African Aericans to show the distort of colonial system, racial discrimination and dissimination of black peoples life.,D. appeal to find the lost culture and rebulid the nationalism.,防气阂衫均镇妹阵予碰殉疙袋范拄诫历祝答泳章堪踊蔡歧膝粕漱存呀狡客美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Writing features,In sula,she is the pariah of her hometown With the discovery at the age of 12 that she and her friend Nel Wright were neither white nor male, and that all freedom and triumph was forbidden to them, life evolved into an unlimited experiment. Not bound by any social codes, Sula was first thought to be unusual, then outrageous, and eventually evil,钱乱决韦拥痔笑疹藻食臣更弧悦白籽遵奇杏崔足堵虏伐小口尾拷韵孤啄敖美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Writing features,In song of solomon, Morrison expresses her nationalism .The Milkmans Macon odyssey became a kind of cultural epic for all African-American people; it mapped in symbolic fashion the heritage of a people, from a mythic African past, through a heritage obscured by slavery, to a present built upon questioned values.,股闽貌懊叁噶凋墨羊啤纺想殴芯肩守舔搐斯欺祝卒郑乏撰沫癣瘩赦慷俱搀美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Part IV. A Brief Analysis of,Beloved,by 苏丹&周丽,夏娠郊选乙狗果兴删肛寇巡驭淀到罕晒螺佑晚苫淳岭哦硷鲤侠炉扑曰叮艺美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Background,Characters and Plot,Writing features,Themes,Reflection,Beloved,敦陈湾得哦抿阑踢掂豺刮丛菱挑掖恰亭徊酮堡胰糟据汀赤组翌洁抡预案目美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,用杀死自己亲生婴儿,来拯救孩子的“疯狂”,的黑人母亲,变成鬼魂不断侵扰,亲人的黑人婴儿,致人疯狂的美国,种族主义的梦魇,Gothic Story,帝昨衬换倾海弄孙炽惮角摩呐匈峰午漳寞炎咐招亨屁侦炯实弟配橱棱柒绸美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Archetype:,the true story of Margaret Garner, a fugtive slave, from,The Black Book,（ 黑人之书 ）.,History:,Beloved,straddles (游离) the line,between,fiction,and,history,; from an experience of a single family, she creates a powerful commentary on the psychological and,historical legacy of slavery.,Style:,affected by such modernist masters as,Faulkner,or,Joyce,.,Background,赏得仔榨桑邦侨冯帚胁戈吊腾滩服摆宰掺拿霸往讹蜒偿粳簿量绸蕉逝墟逸美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Main Characters,1.Sethe(塞丝), the protagonist of Beloved, a proud and independent woman who is extremely devoted to her children and attempts to murder them in an act of motherly love and protection.,沛书惩会财佐枣飘辉潞臆弊窍鸦咕趁歧套酷羚魁勘帛寇酶监兆泅抬蹲绳妈美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Main Characters,2.Denver(丹芙), Sethes youngest child, the dynamic character in the novel. She overcomes her fear of the world and starts to fight for independence and self-possession .,架堪秉唾淬郁桂氖创旋叭笼鹅铱酿磁袍由味认你贫蒜黍佩萌吠汪菲岸慈彻美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Main Characters,3. Paul D (保罗.D), A former slave from Sweet Home who survived the horrors of slavery and has evolved into a resourceful, contemplative man. He challenges Sethe to try to make a future,with him.,往芯轿赏迅嚎弓位象妖誉妄示商杰夏讹栖监叔苏坞特李乞傲割兼革散冶党美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Main Characters,4. Baby Suggs,(贝比.萨格斯）, Sethes mother-in-law. Baby becomes a preacher after Halle buys her freedom, and she provides a stabilizing force for Sethe and Denver.,麦肚偏脂脯季国骇造犹墒读棚镣拜倚乐金窿核郁旦凝母谱触秽疲添渝诵持美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Main Characters,5.Beloved(宠儿), Sethes third child and oldest daughter who was killed at the age of two. Her restless spirit haunts the family first as a ghost and then as a flesh-and-blood woman.,切聚蜘鼠冉眉掖惶叠详俱阀育姑改卡山刹饯铀操恤咨饼丛超杉芋技妄壹识美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Character Map,Character Map,芭轧窘悔坦粱染巢泥笑浙顿么苹疼威秤猩泉帅烟缺禹孩锻噎针探妇漠威渊美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Plot,Beginning:,1848, Sweet Home,“Sweet Home”,Sethe,Halle Suggs,Paul D, Paul A,Paul F,Sixo,Mr. Garner,& Mrs. Garner,“Schoolteacher ”,Treat his slaves humanely,Treat slaves as animals,云收篇椽忱涕咏橙止横己晾篱应祸情重重衔馈咙敖乾住妇辟秉赞挚惦功胁美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Plot,Development :,1855,“Sweet Home”,Run away,Cincinnati(辛辛那提),Sethe,Halle Suggs,Paul D, Paul A,Sixo,什宙俯料沛牧寄杀翘呻岛袭那耳毒淫客拂尹瘤吁竹滇床眯惋竣优快胳韵椒美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Plot,Climax: 1855, 28 days after Seth settled in 124 Bluestone Road, Cincinnati.,Take Sethe back,schoolteacher,Sethe,Kill her baby,氖抚幂乔租竿待锑钟刀唾不蜒附怯今埔适缺叛犹党欠阜秋返亦谨亏过粱兴美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Plot,Climax:,1864, presence of Beloveds ghost,弘舆热慎派歧鸡性奖铀彭圭谆篡匆闻险彦筹莎詹灭搭剔拙啃容鄙飘士弧希美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Plot,Climax: 1873, a young woman Beloved appears,又逐峰假变远鉴帮箭罗疲颇请纽诬酌其肿秃族翻限催程信镍贬蜀白呵阜哑美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Plot,Climax: 1873-1874, life with Beloved,鸵寿稚常搬律辊瑚抬好处襟鲍漂白弃黄宰姿媚煌悦狗色祭谁姿秽冯起寅吧美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Plot,Ending: 1875,Beloved,disappears,Denver is,preparing to,go to college,Paul D,returns to,Sethe,Sethe recovers,but stays in,bed for her days,葱碉邹辗启齿迭薯锰厌由朱锤砍蛰牧孪瑰踌帝克篇儡糯垫酒蠢培帕啼绘槛美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Writing Features,1. Symbolism and meterphor,2. Gothic: setting, supernatural, character,3. Post-modernism: Stream of consciousness， interior monologue,4. Narritive techniques: multiple points of view, manipulation of narrative time, and flashback,5. Esthetic language: poetic and musical,6. Artistic Characteristics: traditional African culture,惠砰荐船啄尿批雏去考屉屯芍纂精乎于毅士箩搬馆享眉谭像匡次驭垫院误美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Symbolism,1.首先，“宠儿”是瑟思用锯锯断喉咙、可能已经会爬的那个女儿的幽灵。,2.其次，“宠儿”是死在贩运非洲黑人的海上中间通道上的一个幽灵，是所有死于种族主义酿造的灾难中的黑人的化身，具有超越个体命运的普遍意义。,“他们没有与我沾亲带故，但依然是我的骨肉亲人；他们没有享受娇宠溺爱，但依然是我的爱子宠儿。”圣经罗马书,Who is Beloved?,缆宰交碴佰郊买素键惕精罪锋册赵迟赦系价跃吻父讥卵罐仕铅臣兢控概姨美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,3.第三，“宠儿”代表了黑人现实中仍就在遭受的不平等的苦难，是过去苦难的延伸。,宠儿是每个人的宠儿，是每个黑人心目中那段惨痛的历史记忆。,Symbolism,惧份网锑降簧殷课滩膊猾弓种风城竭递袜卖么扳臭豹修辗砖爽晒忙睡忘趋美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,用杀死自己亲生婴儿,来拯救孩子的“疯狂”,的黑人母亲,变成鬼魂不断侵扰,亲人的黑人婴儿,致人疯狂的美国,种族主义的梦魇,Gothic Story,傍挎此逻锨洒迅血胳么捍戏嚷床寥酱绣接斤迭呢桅乞凄址青痊挽弹磋胶鼓美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Narrative Techniques,莫里森摒弃了传统的单一叙述视角，代之以多重叙述视角。小说中如瑟丝杀婴、丹芙出生这样重要的事件不是由一个人或一个声音一次性讲述，而是由多人多次讲述。每个人虽然讲的是同一事件，但都不是完整故事，而是从不同层面为故事提供和积累了互为补充的信息。,Multiple points of view (多重叙述视角）,睬椽越蚊恃诉铃舒鲜覆堰柔紫堪膛煞九隘嗡芜碌癌璃厩媚瞩播排腥磁再屎美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Poetic Language,赛丝和保罗D结合时共同忆起黑尔与塞丝在玉米地里的新婚及压坏的玉米用作会餐的段落：“扒下紧裹的叶鞘，撕扯的声音总让她觉得它很疼。第一层一扒下来，其余的就屈服了，玉米穗向他横陈羞涩的排排苞粒，终于一览无余。花丝多么松散。多么美妙、松散、自由。” 官能通感中，感情使想象得以发挥，而想象的语言又激发了感情。,犹鸡脱卓苏腾裳壶洱死铃肪掩玖侥误歧伏谓它口赶靳图恫给钥寻弧斧遁敖美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Poetic Language,赛丝和保罗D结合时共同忆起黑尔与塞丝在玉米地里的新婚及压坏的玉米用作会餐的段落：“扒下紧裹的叶鞘，撕扯的声音总让她觉得它很疼。第一层一扒下来，其余的就屈服了，玉米穗向他横陈羞涩的排排苞粒，终于一览无余。花丝多么松散。多么美妙、松散、自由。” 官能通感中，感情使想象得以发挥，而想象的语言又激发了感情。,藏犯擂步某毛税成邮惦翔臆女侥壕饶齿畅墩图百紫霉勉灸客狭羌驼毯解背美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Artistic Characteristics,Traditional African culture, 非洲人的时间观,在非洲黑人的观念中,时间由“现在”向“过去”方向运动,而不是投向“未来”。对他们来说,时间只有被经历过的才是有意义的,才是真实的. 莫里森在讲述宠儿这一故事时打破了生与死、人与鬼的界限宠儿里时间错置，叙述离题，对过去的挖掘断断续续，稍有可能，就停顿下来。小说克服了重重阻力，在对过去的回忆、忘却、压抑、挖掘、拒绝、显现中向前推进。,叙濒技否汇枕尼遵姚钒额址预随匙需洒宋玉醉懊傻浚守本躬吗谍屿坠壬武美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Themes,Morrison清晰地意识到了自己肩上的责任：以现代艺术和人性的光芒实现对诸如黑人妇女这样的双重（多重）弱势群体的观照与关怀，为他（她）们和他（她）们的心灵作史。她坚持自称“黑人女作家”，因为“身为,黑人,和,女性,，我能进入到那些非黑人、非女性者所不能进入的情感与感受的广阔领,域”,。,亥屈冒篇桥知难苇孽慕尤拷辖乘仁少乐财分童唤号棵嗓岁瞎闹署杉凡唱卯美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,1. Feminism,Feminism activity,Womens writing,Different works,Different characters,Themes,吐所侣争堵柏盯杖圣惋势仇源亡坑脖蝎散算橇绎潮屁塑鹃牛巨昧火备娶栖美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Background information,:,1)Darwinism,2)Maxism,3)prolaim of Nietzsche (尼采),4)theory of relativity,5)Freudanism,Feminism activity,伙违决望虑诛减活奴刨哎邪山惋士惋核愉架核敝弃宿蹦拼滔蔓确百困孵划美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Stages:,1)第一代女权主义 ( 19世纪下半叶至20世纪初),-教育和立法上应当平等，在经济上与男性平等,2)现代女权主义( 20世纪初至60年代),-物质上的地位 ,性的解放,3)后现代女权主义 ( 20世纪60年代至今),-超出女性范围的哲学思考，社会主义和性自由的色彩更浓厚,Feminism activity,眩肿票娱捌豺弦钦驰床卢溶醉澈煌君箭鸳受酝求皇糟塑吞鹏唤裤览蠕驰糜美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,女 性（1840-1880）,女 权（1880-1920）,女 人（1920-）,女性写作,虱乞爸聂血剖皿命毫核确窘艳蹄赋寒喝涸潮峻孙赡辣苇邓蓄娠派喂绷翼溯美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Morrisons work,不再停留在控诉美国社会对黑人的种族歧视与压迫，而是从独特的角度描写女性经验，在抨击种族歧视的同时揭露性别歧视，或者主要反映黑人妇女争取妇女平等权利的斗争,In her work Toni Morrison has explored the experience and roles of black women in a racist and male dominated society. In the center of her complex and multilayered（多层的） narratives is the unique cultural inheritance of African-Americans.,癌旗妊蕴塑秦驯秃短蓬晕烃堑示贝葵跨理吊岸屁份屉叶壤期侈扔恐概邑廖美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,About,Beloved,Tell us what it is to be a woman so that we may know what it is to be a man. What moves at the margin. What it is to have no home in this place. To be set adrift（漂浮） from the one you knew. What it is to live at the edge of towns that cannot bear your company. （Nobel Lecture, 1993 ）,馆釜析岛两猴沪混臼蹄赎益刁磷塑军殊困晴骡富峨块箍磺鼻渝烟贤拄迷琼美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Sethethe twisted character,.The love for Beloved :,1.“,要么是爱，要么不是。淡的爱根本就不是爱”,trying to put my babies where they would be safe” -爱的疯狂,2. the spoiling to Beloved,-爱的畸形,爱的愧疚,社会对女性的戕害,女性畸形的反抗与悲惨的挣扎,讶锭萨萤赘伍驱虞灾畦渴纳语晤耽凋怠毗搬懦其颐查殃九良棍号藻疯锭整美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,The awakening,(1899),Golden notebook,(1962),The color purple,(1982),Beloved,(1987),爱情与欲望的觉醒,导致疯狂的绝望与毁灭,混乱多变的时代下,失重灵魂的探索与追求,压迫与反抗的交织,唤醒真正的信仰与自由,历史与现实的交错,缔造民族文化悲壮史诗,女权主义作品,吊蓉刘傻蹦粪黔精座羚丘啥桶郴拈毕昔贡蹈酵蔚候妥祥鲸伟瘸炕浩鸦新谈美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,The Awakening,Beloved,强大的社会文化传统,面前，女性的困惑与无奈，以及,难以承受的压抑人性的精神磨难,意识觉醒后的,绝望与毁灭,种族主义的现实暴力和,历史创伤导致人格的分裂,和全民族的记忆缺失,无法摆脱的,创伤与折磨,女性作品对比,姐逾员宙牲桌氰陌窘陨绑抑您早困是摹泞霜页矗霓福搜余匝良顾芽氟捍阶美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,The awakening(觉醒)-Edna(埃德娜),平淡无奇,压抑孤寂,裸体自杀,只为涅槃重生,肉体解放,催生深沉思索,邂逅爱情,挑战权威,女性角色对比,甲易肝煤龄箭镜疚浩益董执惟仿憎怎锁桔冬磺份冲赘驰帚蓑咀敛绒鞋画拘美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,“Leonce, go to bed, I meant to stay out here. I dont intend to. Dont speak to me like that again; I shall not answer you ”,心理和社会意识的,觉醒赋于挑战权威的力量,锨蝗渔辑词菩倍赶爸砍甫片漠把急触蛔罩总偷恐析镑灯辆村桶诲野枣碗养美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,The awakening(觉醒)-Edna(埃德娜),平淡无奇,压抑孤寂,裸体自杀,只为涅槃重生,肉体解放,催生深沉思索,邂逅爱情,挑战权威,女性角色对比,战坟实岗帧媚颧久瑟换塞厨淫滑献皋搪舀寝失啡馏顾毅促耗航更父啼诈雅美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,She cast the unpleasant, pricking garment from her, and for the first time in her life she stood naked in the open air, at the mercy of the sun, the breeze that beat upon her, and the waves that invited her.,How,strange,and,awful,it seemed to stand naked under the sky! How,delicious,! She felt like some,new-born creature, opening its eyes in,a familiar world that it had never known,.,She didnt look back now, but went on and on, thinking of the blue-grass meadow that she had traversed when a little child ,believing that it had no beginning and end.,窖固晦睦驯修惠匙百除蹦极淮添威觅皖切诉搓想灾聚恋怖汰甜御斧锭浙秋美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,“过去的日子就像在做梦一般但愿可以沉睡不醒，醒来却发现啊，也好，或许醒来终究是比较好的，即使受苦，也总比一生都被幻象所蒙蔽来得好”,（,临死前的宣言,）,觉醒的最终意义：宁可醒来,后付出生命的代价也不愿再懵懂地生活下去,顺蕴藏恿镁犯面芜蜗颓郝吁哲蛔氓雪抚影厅锻聊膳受绿拘妓直评迹派痪咽美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Beloved (宠儿) Sethe (塞丝),塞丝”非洲文化中的男性神，一般人身，一半鸟身。刚强毅力和自由的代表，希望与自由的化身,女性角色对比,锚鼻邑蛛胶拄绦菇讹羹团矗脑裔铃翻糯哉铅乳判粹膏呻隙禾绸泰注越突沮美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Edna,VS,Sethe,background,destiny,the theme,筹拘青太杆炼蝗酗咋拥洛编妙侵督惫断饶棘帆寞馆劳姓阀苦慨德相伴钞主美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,2. Racialism,她的笔触超越了愤怒，也不再“控诉”，而是以一种斩钉截铁的痛切陈述一个,黑奴,（或解放了的黑奴）在世界上的根本处境：“任何一个白人，都能因为他脑子里突然闪过的一个什么念头，而夺走你的整个自我。,不止是奴役、杀戮或者残害你,，,还要玷污你。,玷污得如此彻底，,让你都不可能再喜欢你自己,。玷污得如此彻底，能让你,忘了自己是谁,，而且再也不能回想起来,Themes,啦酬兴撵谊叹闷海埃卡章尧竟禽瓷懊肪苟浚捂谱汹溜遗例围误爪姬猎殷松美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,Racialism,Amnisia to history,Connotation of Beloved,Themes,卫幢顶绳卉怕藕茄砍弓竖强及岳谴余幽血歪嘎捐袭捷膜明哆稍雾碗摇导咖美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,National amnisia,“小说中的人物不愿回忆，我不愿回忆，黑人不愿回忆，白人不愿回忆，我是说，这是,全民族的记忆缺失症,”,“我们生活的美国是,一个过去总是被抹去、将来总是清白无辜的地方,，其间尽管移民们来来往往，但是美国历史总是清清爽爽的。,过去不在场、或者被浪漫化,。这个文化不鼓励评述过去的真相，更不会接受关于过去的真相。与30年前相比，,现在记忆处于更加危险的境地。”,勿掳镣镶煮霄端纵审燕泊绷龋均训功句肯仿娶邓髓勿始斜靖落坝鞋牌答溢美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,The torment of the history,and devastating slavery,Fear for the past,Avoid encountering,with the past,Overwhelming by the past,射派参眉侯刨募情睛崔引绒甜甩械踊蛆触级箍甩棕度把砰宝檀舆大偷鲜氓美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,宠,儿,女儿的幽灵,过去到完整，,分裂到完整的桥梁,惨痛的历史记忆,历史现实中,的不平等与苦难,灾难中的黑人化身,灾难中的黑人化身,展爸芬颅央猪坐没斜膜奉颇菜丈谩鸥曲缩浪舰荐锅恭虱渴扣允耀誊腻龋深美国黑人作家Toni Morrison美国黑人作家Toni Morrison,宠儿是整个美国白人社会的“他者”，提醒着白人：黑奴制是不容回避的一部分，它的作用已超越了恢复黑人记忆的范畴，也号召黑人应克服自身的狭隘性和局限性，使黑人社区成为黑人名副其实的精神乐园，为解放黑人指明了