Lecture Thirteen 商务信函的翻译 商务英语翻译课件

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Lecture Thirteen,商务信函的翻译,知识目标：,1.,了解商务信函的行文方式、格式和文体特点。,2.,掌握商务信函的常用翻译技巧。,能力目标：,1.,能够正确翻译商务信函常用词汇和句型。,2.,能够熟练地翻译各类商务信函。,Business Letters,商务信函（,business letters,）,商务信函涉及商务活动的各个环节，贯穿商务活动的始终，内容广泛，通常包括建立业务关系,(establish business relationship),、询盘,(inquiry),、发盘,(offer),、还盘,(counter-offer),、反还盘（,counter-suggestion,） 受盘,(acceptance),、订立合同,(placing orders),、保险,(insurance),、装运,(shipment),、索赔,(claim),等方面。,1.,英语商务信函的结构,英语商务信函的构成一般可分为：,1.1,基本部分，包括：,（,a,） 信头,(Letter Head),（,b,） 日期,(Date),（,c,） 封内地址,(Inside Address),（,d,） 称呼,(Salutation or Greeting),（,e,） 信的正文,(Body of the Letter),（,f,） 结束礼词,(Complimentary Close),（,g,） 签名,(Signature),1.2,其他部分，包括：,（,a,） 附件,(Enclosure),，简写,Enc,（,b,） 附言,(Postscript),，简写,P.S,（,c,） 经办人姓名,(Attention Line),（,d,） 事由,(Subject or Caption),（,e,） 查号或参考编号,(Reference No.),（,f,） 抄送,(Carbon Copy),，简写,C.C.,2,商务信函的文体特点,2,1,词汇使用特点,2,1,1,用词规范正式,（,1,）商务英语信函经常以意义相同或相近的书面词语代替基本词汇和口语词汇，如以,inform,或,advise,代替,tell,，以,duplicate,代替,copy,，以,dispatch,代替,send,，以,otherwise,代替,or,；以介词短语代替简单的介词，如以,as for,，,in respect to,，,in connection with,和,with regarding to,等代替,about,等。,例如：,We are pleased to advise you that your order NO.105 has been dispatched in accordance with your instruction.,我们很高兴地通知你们：第,105,号订单货物已遵照你方指示运出。,2,1,1,用词规范正式,We will meet you half way by offering a discount of 5% in view of our long pleasant relations.,鉴于我们之间长期愉快的业务关系，本公司将酌情考虑给予,5%,的折扣。,（,2,）商务信函和商务合同中还经常使用,here/there +,介词构成的复合词，如,hereafter,，,hereby,，,hereunder,，,hereto,，,hereinafter,，,herewith,，,thereafter,，,therein,，,therefrom,等。,例如：,All offers and sales are subject to the terms and conditions printed on the reverse side hereof.,所有报盘和销售均应遵守本报价单背面所印的条款。,In such a case, Seller is bound to reimburse Buyer for any loss or damage sustained therefrom.,在次情况下，卖方负责偿还买方由此所遭受的损失。,2,1,2,表意准确、专业性强,商务信函用词表意准确、专业性强，主要表现在使用大量的专业术语、行话、外来词、缩略语以及一般词语在商务英语语境中的特殊用法。,（,1,）专业术语类：,Trimming charges,平仓费,insurance policy,保险单,coverage,保险项目,establishment,开证,counter-suggestion,反还盘,surcharges,附加费,pro forma invoice,形式发票,premium,保险费,clearance sale,清仓削价销售,underwriter,保险人,L/C,信用证,CIF,到岸价格,FOB,离岸价格,bid,递盘 付现提货,counter-offer,还盘,irrevocable letter of credit,不可撤消信用证,2,1,2,表意准确、专业性强,例如：,We shall cover,TPND,on your order.,我们将为你方的货物,投保盗窃和提货不着险,。,It would be appreciated if you would let us know by returning your lowest possible price for the following goods on,FOB London,.,请报下列商品伦敦,船上交货,之最低价。,（,2,）外来词类：,拉丁语的,status quo,（现状），意大利语的,del credere,（保付货价的，,买主资力保证,），汉语中的,tungoil,（桐油），,mango,（芒果）等。,（,3,）行话：长期的函电交往使人们在使用术语上形成共识，本来意义差异很大的词汇在特定的语境中所表达的内涵和外延却非常相似。,Offer, quotation,表示“,报价，发盘,”,Pamphlet, brochure, booklet, sales literature,表示商家用于宣传介绍自己公司或产品的“,说明材料,”,Shipment,和,consignment,表示“,所发出的货物,”,Financial standing/reputation/condition/position,用于表示公司的“,资信财务情况,”,Fulfill/complete/execute an order,用于表示“,执行订单,”,A draft contract,或,a specimen contract,表示“,合同样本,”,2,1,2,表意准确、专业性强,（,4,）商务信函准确性主要体现在数量词的大量运用。商务 信函中的时间，价格，数量，金额，规格等问题贯穿商贸活动始终，数字的表达应言之确凿，避免模棱两可,例如：,The vender shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.,卖方须于,6,月,15,日或之前将货物交给买方。,The market here for this product is active, and the best price we can offer is US $150 or over per long ton.,该产品在本地的销售看好，我方出价可达每长吨,150,美元或以上。,2,1,3,用语朴素、淡于修饰,商贸信函的主要功能是传递信息，使收、发信函双方发生贸易往来、达成交易，因此除了必须使用专业术语等手段准确传达自己的信息意图外，还要求信函语言明白易懂，朴实平易。,例如：,Dear Sirs,Thank you for your interest in our fireworks.,In reply to your enquiry of November 15, we are really sorry to say that we cannot divulge any of our sales information. We hope this will not bring you too much inconvenience. Yours truly,敬启者：,承蒙贵方对我们的烟花感兴趣，十分感谢。,兹复贵方,11,月,15,日询价函，我们非常抱歉地奉告，我们不能泄 我方任何销售情况。我们希望这不会给贵方带来很多不便。 敬上,2,2,语法使用特点,2,2,1,句子类型,英语句子按使用目的可以分为四类：,陈述句（,Declarative Sentences,）,疑问句（,Interrogative Sentences,）,祈使句（,Imperative Sentences,）,感叹句（,Exclamatory Sentences,）,（,1,）商务信函主要使用陈述句。,例如：,Dear Sirs,We thank you for your promptness in delivering the coffee we ordered on 20th, July. The number of bags delivered by your carrier this morning was, however, 160 whereas our order was for only 120.,Unfortunately, our present needs are completely covered and as we cannot make use of the 40 bags in excess of order, we have put them in our warehouse to be held for you until we receive your instructions.,Yours Truly,2,2,1,句子类型,敬启者：,收到我方,7,月,20,日订购的咖啡，并对你方迅速交货表示感谢。但是，你方承运人上午交来,160,袋，而我们只订购,120,袋。,遗憾的是，我方需求已满，无法接受你方多交的,40,袋。我们已将此货入库保存，等候你方指示。,敬上,（,2,）祈使句表示请求、劝告、命令等，用祈使句可避免生硬刻板，比 陈述句更有礼貌。,Please look into the matter at once and let us have your definite reply by cable without any further delay.,请立即查明此事，并尽快电告确切答复。,（,3,）疑问句也可用来表达写信人的观点或向对方提议，疑问句给对方留有更大的余地，更有礼貌，它的使用频率比祈使句相对要多。,Would you please send us a copy of your catalogue?,能否向我公司邮寄一份贵公司的产品目录？,（,4,）感叹句虽然可以渲染气氛，增强语势，但与函电英语讲求客观、严谨的文体不符，因此感叹句在函电英语中极少使用。,2,2,2,句式结构,从结构看，英文句子可以分成三种类型：,简单句（,Simple Sentences,），并列句（,Compound Sentences,），,复合句（,Complex Sentences,）,函电英语采用大量的并列句和复合句。,（,1,）复合句与简单句结合，以复合句为主：为了保证考究的句式和严密的逻辑性，函电英语往往需要将连续的短句结合成一个独立的主从复合句或并列句。,复杂句,The Credit could cover 85%of the local expenses if they are made under the responsibility of the British Contractor and within the limit of the down payments paid on the Contract, i.e., 15% as a maximum.,此项贷款可支付当地费用的,85%,。但此项费用必须是英国承包商直接负责支付的，并必须在合同付款的幅度以内，即最高不得超过合同金额的,15%,。,该句是主从复合句，由从属连词,if,引导的状语从句包含了两个前提条件，使主句的行为范围受到严格限制，从而使全句逻辑严密。,复合句结构复杂，表达完备周密；简单句则结构简单，简洁明快。函电英语对严谨和简洁都有要求，目的在于追求准确严谨的语言风格，因此复合句的使用虽普遍，但不排斥简单句的使用。,2,2,2,句式结构,（,2,）常用并列结构,用,and,连接并列结构，使表达更精确。,Eg,：,This contract is made by and between the two parties.,双方签定本合同。,用,or,引导的选择性并列结构，是内容更严谨全面。,Eg,：,Any dispute arising from the execution of, or in connection with the agreement, shall be settled through friendly consultations between the two parties.,在本合同执行中引起的或与本合同有关的争议应有双方通过友好协商解决。,函电英语中常用的连用同义词还有：,amendments to/or alterations of,修改,force and effect,效力,fulfill and provide,履行,furnish and provide,提供,obligations and responsibilities,义务,make and enter into,达成,2,2,2,句式结构,（,3,）状语位置独特,商务函电中，较长的状语经常出现在主谓语之间，一般文体的主谓语间不放长状语。,商务函电的状语从句中，,if,，,when,，,in case,等连词与从句的主体之间可放谓语，一般文体的状语从句中则不可。,Eg,：,If, after 30 days from the commencement of such informal consultations, the parties fail to resolve amicably a contract dispute, either party hereto may require that the dispute be submitted to arbitration for resolution.,在非正式协商开始,30,天后，如果双方仍不能友好地解决合同争端，任何一方都可以要求将争端提交仲裁解决。,2,2,3,虚拟语气的运用,英语中共有三种语气：陈述语气（,the Indicative Mood,），祈使语气（,the Imperative Mood,），虚拟语气（,the Subjunctive Mood,）。,虚拟语气可表主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况，并可使语气委婉，谓语有,should,，,would,，,could,，,might,加动词原形构成。,Dear Mr. Smith,Thanks for your promptness in sending us the credit information we requested. We are glad to report that all of your credit references spoke favorably of you as a businessman.,The new store which you are opening in Broadway should eventually prosper, since yours is a thriving community. But its location within 20 miles of New York forces you to compete with the larger stocks and lower prices of the metropolitan department stores, so readily accessible to commute from Broadway and similar communications. Because your resources do not indicate that you can meet such competition by staring with a large indebtedness, we must refuse your credit application.,2,2,3,虚拟语气的运用,We could suggest, therefore, that you cut your order to half and pay cash for it. This will entitle you to our 2 percent cash discount, a saving which you may pass on to your customers. By ordering frequently in small quantities, you can best meet the competition of the New York stores through keeping up-to-date on a sound basis that will entitle you to an excellent credit reputation.,Sincerely yours,这封资信调查回复函使用了,should, can(), must, would, will(), may(),六个情态动词，准确表达了写信人的预测、能力、允诺等语气和态度，也表现出写信人的礼貌。其中共使用了,11,次情态动词，如此高的使用频率，说明情态动词在准确传达语气和写信人意图方面具有很重要的作用。,2 .3,英语商务信函语篇风格的特点，也称,7C,原则,2. 3.1,完整,(completeness),2. 3.2,简洁,(conciseness),2. 3.3,具体,(concreteness),2. 3.4,正确,(correctness),2. 3.5,清晰,(clarity),2. 3.6,体谅,(consideration),2. 3.7,礼貌,(courtesy),2. 3. 1,完整,(completeness),实例解说：,Cellulose Tape 1/2x 3yds, with plastic dispenser 700 doz./,ditto-but 1/2“ x 5 yds, 1,000doz.,”,这是出口商接到的一份定单中有关商品品名，规格和数量的内容。,中文意思是：,“,纤素带（幅）宽半英寸，长码，带塑料包装容器，,0,打；,同上，但（幅）宽宽半英寸，长码，打。”,问题,是后半句不清楚。,“ditto”,在这里表示前面提到的商名称纤维素带， 但不能包括,“,带塑料包装容器,”,，因此，幅英寸长码的纤维素带是否 要塑料包装容器没有说清楚，不完整。,所以最好改成：,“Cellulose Tape 1/2”x 3yds, with plastic dispenser 700 doz. Cellulose Tape 1/2“ x 5yds,，,with plastic dispenser 1000 doz.“,这样既完整，又清楚明确，不引起误解。,2. 3. 2,简洁,(conciseness),简洁,是有客观标准的。虽然西方国家的作者之间在怎样用词才算,简洁,方面还是有争论的，不过他们的一些看法还是有一定参考价值的。,怎样才能使商业书信,简洁,？ 西方国家作者有很多建议，先介绍如下：,（一） 避免使用陈旧的商业术语 陈旧的与传统的商业术语（,Commercial jargon,）对信的内容没有什么作用，应该避免使用。,Eg 1,：,Wordy:,We wish to acknowledge receipt of your letter of November 14 with the check for Stg.10 enclosed and wish to thank you for same,Concise:,We appreciate your letter of November 14 and the check for Stg. 10 you sent with it.,例二：,Wordy:,We take liberty to approach you with the request that you would be kind enough to introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your cities. Would you please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city?,Concise:,Please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city.,（二） 要长话短说，避免罗嗦 通常商业人士每天需要阅读大量的书信，对开门见山，长话短说，直接切题的信特别欢迎。因此， 写信要力求长话短说，,例如：,不要写,Please see that an enquiry is conducted to determine the reason.,应写作,Please find out the reason.,不要写,We express our regret at being unable to fulfill your order on this occasion.,应写作,We are sorry we cannot meet your present order.,要使用简洁的语言，有可能的话， 尽量使用单词来代替某些娇柔做作的短语。,删去不必要的形容词，如下列句子中的形容词或副词删去后并不影响句子的原意：,The proposal is under (active) consideration.,The answer is (definitely) correct.,I would (rather) think the fare is too high.,The (true) facts are as stated .,（,三） 要注意每句句子的长短,例如：,“We would like to know whether you would allow us to extend the time of shipment for twenty days, and if you would be so kind as to allow us to do so, kindly give us your reply by cable without delay.”,这句话过分,“,客气,”,，使句子过长而不清楚。内容要求对方同意延期交货,20,天，一般情况下，应尽可能提出延期到那一天的具体日期。,这句话可压缩为：,Please reply by telegram immediately if you will allow us to delay the shipment until April 21.,2,3. 3,具体,(concreteness) 2,3. 4,正确,(correctness),商业书信必须写得正确，因为它涉及到买卖双方的权利，义务，厉害关系，是各种商业单据（如合同）的根据。 广义的说，商业书信的正确性表现在：,（一） 运用正确的语言,（二） 叙述得正确,（三） 数字要正确,（四） 正确理解和运用商业术语,（五） 合适的写作技巧或方法,（一） 运用正确的语言（二 ）叙述得正确,叙述得正确,： 商业书信的内容要叙述得正确，既不要说得不够,(Understatement),，更不要说得过头,(Overstatement),。,例一,This stove is absolutely the best (or: the very best) on the market.,(,这种炉子是市场上绝对最好的炉子。,),改写,Our model A195 is designed on modern lines, without any increase in fuel consumption, 25% more heat than the older models. So you will agree that it is the outstanding stove for economy of fuel.,(,我们的型炉子是按近代样式设计的，在不增加燃料消耗的情况下，比其他各种旧式炉子温度高。所以，你会同意，这是优良的节约燃料的炉子。,),（三） 正确理解和运用商业术语,理解和运用商业术语 ：,一般常用的商业用语用字简洁，意义明确，使用得好，工作进行得顺利，使用得不好，就会引起混乱，误解，甚至产生不必要的纠纷,.,如：,You ask very short delivery for your order.,写信的人原意是说,“,你们要求赶快交你们的定货。,”,可是,short delivery,不是快点交货的意思，这就用错了商业术语。,因此，应该说：,Your require quick (prompt) delivery of your order.,2,3. 5,清晰,(clarity),（一）避免使用可能产生不同理解或意义不明确的词,例一,As to the steamers sailing from Hongkong to San Francisco, we have bimonthly direct services.,(,从香港到旧金山有直达船，,),但是,bimonthly,究竟是一个月两次即半月一次呢，还是两个月一次？不明确。,因此，最好清楚明白说明,一个月两次,还是,两个月一次,”,（,a,）,We have two direct sailings every month from Hongkong to San Francisco.,（每月两次直达船）,（,b,）,We have semimonthly direct sailing from Hongkong to San Francisco.,（每半月一次直达船）,（,c,）,We have a direct sailing from Hongkong to San Francisco every two month.,（每两个月一次直达船）,（二）注意修饰词的位置，有时修饰词的位置不同，会导致不同的含意如：,a) Please let us know what you wish us to do about this matter as soon as possible;,b) Please let us know as soon as possible what you wish us to do about this matter.,以上两句中的,“”,修饰的内容不同：,a),你们要求我们尽快做些什么。,b),请尽快告诉我们。,a),可译成,“,请告诉我们你们要我们为此尽快做些什么,”,；,b),可译为,“,请尽快告知，你们要我们为此事做些什么,”,。,（三） 注意代名词，关系代词和先行词的关系 按照英语习惯， 句子中的代名词和关系代词一般是指离得最近的名词，因此要特别注意，以免引起误解或不清楚。,例句：,不好 ：,They informed Messrs. John & Smith that they would receive an answer in a few days.,较好：,They informed Messrs. John & Smith that latter would receive an answer in a few days.,(,四,),注意前后一致和紧凑，连贯,不一致：,Being a certified public accountant, I am sure you can help us.,一致：,Being a certified public accountant, you can surely help us. or; As you are a certified public accountant, I am sure you can help us.,（五）仔细和恰当地分段落（,Paragraphing,）,商业书信要写得使人一读就明白，因此必须按照内容仔细和恰当的分段落，,一般的分段落原则是一个段落一个意思（,A paragraph for each point is a good general rule.,）,.,现举例说明：,Dear Sirs,It is reported in a domestic newspaper that the Iranian Central Bank has instructed the commercial banks to suspend their business of opening a new letter of credit as from the 3rd May for financial reason of foreign currency. Although it is said that this arrangement would be a temporary one and with establishment of new import policy this emergency arrangement would be lifted, we are much concerned about the outcome of this movement toward restriction of import to Iran and shall be obliged if you will kindly keep us well advised of development of this new arrangement especially in connection with import from France.,Yours faithfully,以上这封信只有一段，共两句。第一句,39,字，第二句,66,句。 读后虽 然能基本了解其内容， 但读起来很舒服。信的内容大体有三点：, 伊朗中央银行因外汇原因，通知各商业银行从五月三日起停止 开立信用证；, 这临时措施，新的进口政策一订，这个措施可能取消；,.,希望对方随时告之有关情况。,按照这三点，适当地分段，把信重新改写，读起来比原来的清楚易懂：,Dear Sirs,It is reported in a vernacular newspaper that the Iranian Central Bank has,instructed the commercial banks to suspend their issuing new Letters of Credit,as from the 3rd May because of its decreasing foreign currency funds.,Furthermore it is said that the suspension seems a temporary one and will,be released with establishment if a new import policy.,We are much concerned, however, about the outcome of this movement,toward restriction of import to Iran.,We, therefore, shall be obliged if you will keep us well informed of,development of this new state of affairs, especially in connection with imports,from France.,Yours faithfully,2,3. 6,体谅,(consideration)2,3. 7,礼貌,(courtesy),COURTESY,译成,“,礼貌,”,。但是根据西方国家函电书籍作者普遍的看法，所谓,COURTESY,是,“,客气而又体谅人,”,的意思。这样的形式很多，现在提供一些常见的供参考：,（一） 把命令变成请求的常用形式：,Please, Will you., Will you please.,如：,a) Will you give us more detailed information on your requirement?,b) Will you please (kindly) let us hear from you on these two points?,（二） 虚拟式（,Past Subjunctive From,）如：,a) Would you compare our sample with the goods of other firms?,b) We would ask you to ship the goods by the first available vessel.,c) We wish you would let us have your reply soon.,d) This would seem to confirm our opinion.,e) We should be grateful if you would help us with your suggestion.,f) We might be of some service to you in a similar case.,以上的,b,也可用,will, shall, may,但是用,Past Subjunctive Form,则表示更客气 和婉转些。,2,3. 7,礼貌,(courtesy),（三） 缓和用法（,Mitigation,）,为了缓和过分强调或刺激对方，常用,: We are afraid, we would say, we may(or, might) say, we(would) think, it seems(or would seem) to us, we(would) suggest, as you are (or: may be) aware, as we need hardly point out,等等表达法来缓和语气，如：,a) It was unwise of you to have done that.,We would say,that it was unwise of you to have done that.,b) You ought to have done it.,It seems to us,that,you ought to have done it.,c) We cannot comply with your request.,We are afraid,we cannot comply with your request.,d) Our products are the very best on the market.,We might say,that our products are the very best on the market.,符合,7C,原则的信函实例,Dear Sirs,Our client in Mumbai requests us to obtain from you a pro forma invoice for color TV sets,With the following specifications: “Haier” brand color TV sets 25-inch and 34-inch(each 500sets).,Would you please airmail us the soonest possible your pro forma invoice for 1,000 color TV,sets with prices CIF Mumbai, so that we obtain our clients confirmation. There is no question,about our getting the necessary import license from our authorities.,As soon as the said license is approved, we shall establish an L/C in your favour.,Thank you for your close cooperation in this respect.,Yours Sincerely,John Smith,key,敬启者：,我们的一个孟买客户要求我们从贵方取得下列规格的彩色电视机形式发票：“海尔”彩色电视机,25,英寸和,34,英寸各,500,台。,请尽快航邮注有孟买到岸价格的,1,，,000,台彩色电视机的形式发票，以便我们取得客户认可。从当局取得必要的进口许可证当无问题。,一俟获得许可证即开以贵方为受益人的信用证。,感谢贵方的密切合作。,你真诚的，,约翰史密斯,3.,商务信函的翻译技巧,商务信函的翻译本质上仍然是语篇层次上的翻译，必然要求我们综合运用有关的翻译方法和技巧，譬如，词类转换、语序调整、省词略词、语气转换、分句合句等等，但毕竟商务信函不同于其他题材，还必须结合自身的特点来进行翻译。,3.1,、遵循,“,忠实,、,通顺,”,的翻译标准,3.2,、注意信函结构程式化的翻译,3.3,、运用套译的翻译方法,3.4,、商务信函翻译中要注意礼貌原则,首先，应当准确、忠实地再现原文信函的思想内容及风格特征。准确达意、简洁明了是英文商务信函的基本特征，因此，合格的译文也理应具备这些特征；,其次，由于商业信函与商业贸易业务往来有关，必然牵涉到很多的商务术语，因而在翻译时尽量按照译文习惯使用的术语来进行表达,3.1,遵循,“,忠实，通顺,”,的翻译标准,“,We have obtained your name and address from the Singapore Chamber of Commerce, who have told us that you wish to import electric goods manufactured in China. ”,原译为：“我方从新加坡商会处获悉贵方的名称和地址，得知贵方有意进口中国制造的产品。,“,I have the honor to notify you that we have commenced a business as commission agents for British goods.”,原译为：“我很荣幸地告知你我们已经开始了一项业务，来作为英国货物的代理”。,“我们已经开始了经营代销英国货物的业务，特此通告。”,英汉两种语言在信函结构程式上有一定的差别。如收（寄）信人的地址、写信时间及他们的位置都是不一样的，需要我们在翻译时做出适当的调整，以适应目的语的格式规范。,John Wanamaker,68 Fifth Street,Philadelphia 11,美国费城第十一邮区第五大街,68,号,约翰,华纳麦克先生,2 November 2006,2006,年,11,月,2,日,3.2,注意信函结构程式化的翻译,（,1,） 称呼语的套译,英文信函中常用的是“,Dear Sir(s)/Madam/Gentlemen/Ladies”,等，此处的“,Dear”,只是一种表示对收信人的尊称，是一种礼貌的习惯性表达方法，并不等同于汉语中的“亲爱的”，因此，根据汉语习惯我们可以套译为：“尊敬的阁下,/,先生,/,女士,/,夫人”，有时也可以套译为：敬启者、谨启者、执事先生、尊鉴、台鉴”等。,（,2,） 结尾敬语的套译,结尾敬语的表达方式有很多，例如：,Yours faithfully,，,Faithfully yours,，,Yours truly,，,Best regard,，,Sincerely,，,Best wishes,，,Yours sincerely,，,Kind regards,等等。它们可以直接套译为：“谨上、敬上、谨启、顺致敬意”等，而不能直接按照字面意思进行翻译。,3.3,运用套译的翻译方法,（,3,） 信函正文中一些敬辞和谦辞的套译,商务信函的一大特色就是措辞婉约、注重礼节、多用套语。英语商务信函中频繁使用,appreciate,，,esteem,，,favor,，,grateful,，,kindly,，,oblige,，,please,，,pleasure,，,Allow us.,，,Permit us to.,，,May we.,等等。而汉语中常用的一些敬辞包括：“您鉴、贵方、贵国、贵公司、阁下、敬复、敬悉、惠请、惠函、惠顾、赐复、奉告、承蒙、恭候”等等；常见的一些谦辞包括：“敝人、敝公司、敝处、卑职、愚见、拙见、拙作、拜读、过奖”等等。例如：,We have pleasure in acknowledging receipt of your esteemed favor of the 8th May.,敬悉贵公司,5,月,8,日来函。,Kindly provide us with all possible information on your market,惠请告知你方市场详情。,礼貌原则，分为六大准则：策略准则、慷慨准则、赞誉准则、谦逊准则、一致准则、同情准则。这些准则解释了有的交际语言比较礼貌的原因，当然这并不意味着最礼貌的形式总是最合适的，因此在商务信函的翻译中我们也要这样对待。,（,1,） 策略准则和慷慨准则。这两项准则常用于指令和承诺，对于咨询信息、发盘还盘、商议付款条件、索取免费产品以及就赔付方式进行交涉等方面比较适用。如：,Should you desire, we would be pleased to send you catalogs together with export prices and estimated shipping costs for these items.,若贵方需要，本公司将乐意寄上目录以及这些项目的出口价格以及预估的运输费。,3.4,商务信函翻译中要注意礼貌原则,（,2,） 赞誉准则和谦逊准则。这两项准则要求尽量减小对别人的贬损，夸大对别人的赞扬以及缩小对自己的赞扬，夸大对自己的贬损。在商务信函中这两项准则常见于试探合作意向、商谈合作细节或是感谢信当中。如：,We were pleased to know from your letter of 24th October of your interest in our products and enclose the catalogue and pricelist asked for. Also enclosed you will find details of our conditions of sale and terms of payment.,奉读,10,月,24,日来函，欣悉你们对我们的产品有兴趣。兹附上你们所要求的商品目录和价目表，并附上我们的售货条件和付款方式。,（,3,） 一致准则。根据这一原则，贸易双方应尽量扩大一致，减少分歧。如：,We have gone into the matter and we are prepared to make you a reasonable compensation, but not the amount you claimed, because we cannot see why the loss should be 50% more than the actual value of the goods.,我们已对此事进行调查，愿意对贵方给予合理赔偿，不过不是贵方索赔的金额，因为我们看不出损失何以超过货物实际价值的一半以上。,（,4,） 同情准则。与一致准则相似，同情准则也要求尽力缩小自身对他人的感情对立，增加自己对他人的同情。如：,At any rate, we deeply regret to learn from you about this unfortunate incident