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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,四级写作,-,提纲式命题作文,Sample,In modern world, the economy is developing,fast,and the population is also,growing,very fast. But do you know our earths healthy,become,terrible now? As a youth of the 21st century, what should I do to protect our earth?,Rapidly, increasing, is becoming,Directions: In this section, you are asked to write a composition entitled Should people own cars or not? Your composition should be based on the outline given below. Your composition should be at least 120 words.,Outline:,1,、有人赞成个人买车。,2,、也有人持相反观点。,3,、你的看法。,Should People Own Cars or Not?,Should People own Cars or not?,Now having a car is more and more popular, so many,familys,want to buy a car. They think its useful. Some,youngs,think its cool, and many people think its,convenent,when they have a private car. They dont need to wait the crowded bus/so they can go to work on time. Its save the time. And they also can drive the car go wherever they want to . A family can have a travel,togethter,. Its comfortable. In a word, they can improve the quality of their life with a car. Especially the increasing of private car can promote the economic. It can lead the development of many industries. Its good for our countrys developing.,四级作文评分原则及标准,14,分,漂漂亮亮：切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，连贯性好，基本上语言,无误,。,11,分,清清楚楚：切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有,少量语言错误,。,8,分,马马虎虎：基本切题，有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误,相当多，其中一些是严重错误,。,5,分,糊里糊涂：基本切题，表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有,较多的严重语法错误,。,2,分,一塌糊涂：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎，或大部分句子,都有错误，且多数为严重错误,。,Praise, An Important Gift,Some people think that,critism,can change ones view of life. However, many people argue that praise is more important. In my opinion, praise is more profitable than,critism,.,Praise is like fresh air, without it, our life will become uninteresting and,inhappy,. Giving praise does not cost the giver a lot, but, the receiver can learn much.,There are many people who succeed at last with a praise, Take myself for example. Though it happened a long time ago, I remember it clearly.,It was a sports meeting and I attend it. At first, I was very confident and thought I was the best of them, so I had no training. The truth was, during the race, many students left me behind. Then I want to give up and was frustrated. Fortunately, my PE teacher came and patted on my back:” As long as you stick to continue, success will belong to you. I believe you, come on!” He said with a smile. You know, I improved dramatically and won the prize.,So, praise is an important gift.,写作对策,内容是否紧扣主题，涵盖提示要点,作文结构层次是否清晰,语言表达是否流畅，有无重大语病，有无逻辑错误,是否能恰当的使用过渡性词语,作文字数是否达到要求,卷面是否整洁，书写是否漂亮,写作体裁,议论文,说明文,记叙文,议论文开头常用句式,Recently, the problem of has aroused peoples concern., has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.,Nowadays, has become a problem we have to face.,It is commonly believed that / It is a common belief that ,Many people insist that,With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that ,A lot of people seem to think that ,议论文结尾常用句式,Taking all these factors into consideration, we finally come to the conclusion that,Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that,Hence / Therefore, wed better arrive at the conclusion that,There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.,All in all, we cannot live withoutBut at the same time, we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.,写作类型,提问子类,观点类对立观点,观点类事物性质,利弊子类,批驳类,办法类,原因类,提问子类,Should College Marriage be permitted?,1,关于是否允许大学生结婚的讨论在校园里兴起,2,我对这一现象的看法,A national debate has sprung up on,whether college marriage should be permitted.,Many people strongly oppose the permission of,college marriage.,They hold that,the chief task for college students is to study, and marriage will distract their attention and occupy a lot of time.,Moreover, students are not economically independent, so marriage will cause a lot of problems such as future job hunting and housing.,In a word,they believe marriage will largely hinder both present study and future work.,From my perspective, I think,college marriage,should be permitted but be practiced with extreme care. For one thing,the right of college students should be respected, as they are adults.,For another, the restriction on the age of students was done away with in 2001, and many elder students attend universities,. Last but not the least, the time in college is so precious that every student will think twice before they get married.,Undoubtedly, few students will ever,get married after college marriage is permitted,but the authority should grant them the right.,观点类对立观点,My View on Opportunity,1,有的人认为机会是极少的，另一些人则认为人人都会有某种机会。,2,我的看法,3,结论,My View on Opportunity,When it comes to,opportunity,peoples opinions differ. Some people think that,there are few opportunities in the world,while others argue that,everybody will have some kind of opportunity along his life route.,As far as I am concerned, I agree with,the latter,opinion. For one thing, I firmly believe,opportunities are everywhere around us. No person will be unlucky enough to have no opportunities all the time, because every dog has his day”.,For another, since opportunities are transient, we have to make good preparations and improve ourselves.,Just think of,Newton,who,discovered the Law of Gravitation when many people had watched an apple falling ahead of them.,From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably draw the conclusion that,there are quite a few opportunities around us.,Only if,we get prepared,can we,seize the opportunities instead of letting them slip by,just as an old saying goes, opportunities are only for the prepared minds”.,观点类事物性质,My View on Double BA Degree,1,现在大学生读双学位的现象很常见,2,我对这一现象的看法,My View on Double BA Degree,Recently it has become a common phenomenon for college students,to have two majors at the same time.,In this way,they can get double BA degrees when they graduate from the university several years later.,Although it may bring unfavorable consequences, we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole. To begin with, most students will become more hardworking and efficient in order to finish the learning tasks satisfactorily.,Moreover, with two degrees at hand after graduation, they will stand a better chance in the job market full of fierce competition.,In the third place, as for todays university students, tuition and fees are becoming more and more expensive. If they can make achievements in study at school and find a satisfactory job afterwards, it will not be a big problem.,Weighing the pros and cons of such a new trend, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion that it is beneficial and rewarding. This system not only,compels students to work hard,but also,prepares them for the coming competition.,认为，主张,argue, maintain, hold, believe,考虑,takeinto consideration, consider, think over, reflect on,认为，思考，考虑,think,下结论，断定,come to the conclusion, arrive at the conclusion, conclude, decide, assert,断定,judge,获得,acquire, obtain, attain, reap,赢得，取得,earn, gain,得到,get,支持，赞成,approve of, in favor of, stand by ones side, agree with,提倡,advocate, recommend,支持,support,利弊子类,The Golden Week,1,黄金周给大学生带来的好处,2,黄金周给大学生带来的弊端,3,我应当怎样过好黄金周,The Golden Week,The golden weekNational Day,holidayhas brought a lot of benefits to college students ever since the beginning. First, it gives students time to take a rest after months of hard work.,Second,they can conduct social activities to combine book knowledge with practice.,Third, they can also use this precious week to make progress in study or carry out specialized research.,Though it does good to college students in many ways,the golden week,can never to be said to bring no problems. For one thing, many students eat and sleep too much during the vacation, which are harmful to their health.,For another, quite a few students spend too much time playing video games or going sightseeing. How can they make progress in their study if they do not cherish time at all?,In order to make good use of,the golden week,I form the habit of,making a concrete plan before it comes.,On the one hand, I always set aside enough time for reviewing lessons and reading relevant literature.,On the other hand, I usually go to watch a movie and listen to a concert at the Grand Opera.,By carefully planning my time, I am confident to spend a meaningful golden week.,反对,oppose, object to,抵制,resist,反对,say no to,意义深远的,far-reaching, profound, significant,重要的,important,充分运用,optimize, make best / full use of,使用,employ, utilize,使用,use,好处，优点,advantage, merit, benefit,坏处，缺点,disadvantage, defect, flaw, drawback, deficiency,好处,good side,重要的，有 决定性的,vital, crucial, critical, decisive,应用,apply,坏处,bad side,批驳类,My View on Teenagers Studying Abroad,1,现在有很多青少年出国留学,2,有些人认为这种做法是有益的,3,我认为这种观点是不对的,My View on Teenagers Studying Abroad,Recently it seems that,among the students who choose to study abroad, there are more and more teenagers who study in high schools or even elementary schools.,Many people, especially the parents, think it will certainly do good to their children because,the independent life will make them learn confidence and perseverance.,Moreover, the quality of overseas education is often higher, thus the child stands a better chance of entering a better university and getting a better job in the future.,After careful consideration, I have to say the above view is more than biased. On the one hand, early independent life is not necessarily good, if the child cannot receive proper guidance and tender care from both teachers and parents.,On the other hand,the educational quality is also a question too many foreign schools aim at earning money. When the children come back, who can guarantee that they can adapt to the fierce competition here?,We can see clearly that although,teenagers studying abroad,may bring favorable results, there are still a lot to worry about. It seems necessary for young students to make a careful investigation before,going abroad.,把,看做，当做,regard as, consider as, look onas, treatas, viewas,把,看做，当做,seeas,全面的，彻底的,utter, thorough,完全的,complete,起作用,解释,难以置信的，惊人的,play a role, perform, function, serve, play a part,解释,explain,account for, illustrate, clarify,fantastic, incredible, unbelievable, exceptional, extraordinary, marvelous, amazing, astonishing,起作用,work,惊人的，极好的,great, surprising,办法类,(,个人问题,),How to Succeed in a Job Interview,1,面试在求职过程中的作用,2,取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是,How to Succeed in a Job Interview,A job interview,is vital to,the job-hunting process,in that,if you are successful in it, you stand a good chance of final obtaining the ideal job.,Then how can we,succeed in job interview?,In the first place, you should dress and behave properly in order to leave a good first impression on the interviewer.,In the second place, when it comes to,talking, you should speak of your expertise and special abilities clearly and honestly.,Whats more, self-confidence,is also an important factor, telling the interviewer that you will face the challenge whenever you encounter difficulties.,You will,succeed in a job interview,as long as you put the above principles into practice. As a result, you will probably,obtain the job you have been dreaming of .,勤奋的，勤勉的,diligent, industrious,勤奋的,hardworking,认真的，谨慎的,conscientious, cautious,认真的,careful, serious,冷静的，清醒地,sober, reasonable, sensible, rational,聪明的,bright, intelligent, wise, brilliant,平静的,calm,适应,be adapted to, be accustomed to, be adjusted to,集中精力于,focus on, center on, concentrate on,聪明的,clever,适应,be used to,专心于,set ones mind on,注意,Pay ones attention to,原因类,Harmfulness of Fake Commodities,1.,目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品,(fake commodities),。为什么会有这种现象,?,2.,举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。,Nowadays,a lot of fake commodities flood into the market and do great harm to the consumers and the whole society.,Why are there so many,fake commodities?,The first reason, in my mind, is that,some people dream of earning a large sum of money easily and quickly.,Furthermore, the general social atmosphere is somewhat unhealthy-many people attach great importance to money instead of honesty.,Last but not least, some government officials are not doing their jobs.,Harmfulness of Fake Commodities,The harmfulness of,fake commodities,has become more than obvious at the moment. First of all,The consumers are the direct victims, they spend money buying unqualified and even useless products.,In the second place, the authentic producers also suffer great loss.,Thirdly,fake commodities may even be dangerous sometimes, such as fake food and medicine, which are a threat to peoples health.,Consequently, it is high time that we made great efforts to put an end to,fake commodities.,如何写好英语说明文？,审题 （,what, to whom, how, etc.,）,开好头,写好主题句,注意行文的统一性和连贯性,注意说明方法的选择（,eg,.:,举例法、过程分析法、分类法、因果分析法、比较法、细节法，,etc.,）,注意说明顺序 （,eg,.:,空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序、认识顺序，,etc.,）,结尾（重述主题而非重复主题；简短自然，避免介入新的话题）,常用句式和常用表达,列举,：,for one thing, for another, finally, besides, moreover, oneanother, still another, first, second, then, also, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important,举例：,for example, for instance, one example is, besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition, a case in point, that is, incidentally, as an illustration, such as, in fact, in general, in particular, to illustrate, namely,定义：,refer to, call, mean,比较,a.,相似的比较,：,likewise, in comparison, similarly, in the same manner,b.,相反的比较：,on the other hand, conversely, on the contrary, whereas, , instead, in contrast, nevertheless, compared with,表示时间：,later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meanwhile / meantime, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, after a while, now,表示方位和顺序,：,before, behind, below, beneath, between, here, there, where, beyond, nearby, under, above, over, on the right (left), in (the) front of, at the back of, in the middle of, at the bottom of, opposite to, next to,表示概要和结论：,in a word, in short, in brief, to sum up, on the whole, by and large, all in all, so far, therefore, thus, in summary, in conclusion, to conclude, to summarize, to end with,Fast Food Restaurant,1.,快餐馆简介,2.,去快餐馆的好处,3.,快餐馆的发展趋势,Fast Food Restaurant,If you are too busy or too tired to cook, please go to the fast food restaurant where various kinds of ready-made food are served. Some serve fish or chicken, some serve sandwiches or salad, and some also serve drinks, coffee, and so on.,Fast food restaurants are very convenient. You just go there, order your food, wait only for a few minutes, then when the food is ready, you carry it to your table yourselves. you can either eat it in the restaurant or take the food out in a plastic container and eat it at home, in your office, in a park, or anywhere you like.,Nowadays, fast food restaurants are getting more and more popular in China because of their convenience and low price. They save peoples time and energy as well. This is very important for many people, especially those who are too busy or too tired to cook.,题型概述,记叙文的写作要注意交代清楚六大要素，即时间,(time),、地点,(place),、人物,(character),、事件的原因,(cause),、经过,(process),和结果,(effect),。,记叙文的结构安排通常有三种形式：正叙、倒叙和插叙。正叙是英语叙述文中最常用的一种结构，插叙很少用到。,尽量多使用表示转折、顺接、因果和时间的连接词,eg,.: for one thingfor another,、,on the one handon the other (hand), etc.,要多用四级词汇,如有可能，引用一两句名言或是谚语,常用句式及表达,表示时间：,after a short (long) time (period), afterwards, as soon as, from that time on, immediately, lately, nowadays, shortly, since then, then, while, recently, etc.,表示因果：,accordingly, as a result (consequence), consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus,平行结构,/,排比结构：,neithernor, eitheror, bothand, not onlybut also, as well as,eg,.: Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.,学习足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。,Teachers Day,1,、,向老师致以节日祝贺,2,、从一件小事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献,3,、我如何回报老师的关爱,Teachers Day,It is Teachers Day, an occasion to celebrate the contributions all teachers have made. The teaching profession deserves special recognition and respect. I want to take this precious opportunity and extend my hearty gratefulness to you: Happy Teachers Day and may you succeed in everything!,There is no more appropriate time than this to honor all the teachers working in this line. It is all the teachers energy and effort that makes who I am now, a man with intelligence and good personality. For the past twenty years, you have dedicated so much of your time and energy to the healthy development of my character and soul that I will cherish your teaching for life. Dear teachers, you deserve childrens respect and love as well as parents. What sculpture is to a block of marble, teacher is to the soul of children.,Words can not describe my gratefulness to my beloved teachers. On the long life journey with various temptations, you are kindling my way like the beacon on a dark wavy sea. What you have done enriches my mind and broadens my envision. On this once a year occasion I want to express my love and respect for all teachers from the bottom of my heart. The only thing I can do in return is, do my utmost and contribute my share to the construction of the human world.,沮丧的，失意的,frustrated, discouraged, depressed, low-spirited,不 开心的,sad,努力做，尽力做,attempt to, make efforts to, endeavor to, manage to do,尽力做,try to,work hard,开展，实施,除,之外,强调，突出,practice, carry out, conduct, perform,除,还有,besides,apart from, in addition, along with,lay emphasis on, attach importance to, stress on, highlight,做,do,强调,emphasize,用于驳斥的语句,1. Although a lot of people believe that ., I am doubtful whether the argument bears,2. As opposed to widely held ideas, I hold that .,3. Although the popular is that ., (a) current indicates that .,4. They may be right about ., but they seem to ignore the fact that .,5. Although it is widely accepted that ., it is unlikely to be true that .,6. It is true that ., but that .,7. There is/are,reason(s,) for us to believe that .,8. What these people fail to see is that .,9. It is one thing to believe that ., but it is quite another to say that .,表达个人观点,In my opinion,From my point of view,As far as I am concerned, ,As for me, ,I cannot entirely agree with the idea that,Personally, I am standing on the side of,Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ,I sincerely believe that ,提出建议的常用句式,It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).,It is time to take the advice ofand to put special emphasis on the improvement of,There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of ,Obviously, if we want to do,sth, it is essential that ,Only in this way can we ,It must be realized that ,批驳错误观点和做法 常用句式,As far as,sth,is concerned, ,It was obvious that ,It may be true that, but it doesnt mean that,It is natural to belie that, but we shouldnt ignore that ,There is no evidence to suggest that,列出解决办法的常用句式,Here are some suggestions for handling that,The best way to solve the trouble is,People have figured out many ways to solve this problem.,给出原因 常用句式,This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First,Second,Third,Why did? For one thingFor another Perhaps the primary reason is ,I quite agree with the statement thatThe reasons are chiefly as follows.,Homework,Credit,1.,信用对一个人的发展很重要,2.,现在社会面临信用危机,3.,如何提高信用度,
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