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十四、宾语从句和定语从句,考点1 宾语从句,【中考体验】,(2021广东中考)Do you know_ yesterday,Yes. He went for the boat race.,A. why didnt Peter go to school,B. why doesnt Peter go to school,C. why Peter didnt go to school,D. why Peter doesnt go to school,【解析】选C。考察宾语从句。宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序, 故排除A、B两项; 又根据宾语从句中的关键词yesterday可知用一般过去时。应选C。,(2021安徽中考)Do you know_Ann goes to work every day,Usually by underground.,A. whyB. howC. whenD. whether,【解析】选B。考察宾语从句中的连接词。由答语中的by underground可知, 问句问的是Ann上班的方式。应选B。,(2021德州中考)Excuse me, I wonder_.,Yes, its near the bookstore.,A. where we will go for the holiday,B. if there is a lost and found office,C. when she will give me a call,D. how we can go to Hong Kong,【解析】选B。考察宾语从句。句意: 劳驾, 我想知道这里是否有失物招领处 有, 在书店附近。结合答语中“Yes可知, 宾语从句应该以if或whether开头。应选B。,【知识归纳】,时态,主句是现在时, 从句根据实际情况使用相应时态,主句是过去时, 从句使用过去时的某种形式,从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时, 不管主句使用什么时态, 从句都用一般现在时,语序,从句一律用陈述语序, 即主语+谓语,引导词,that在从句中作宾语时可以省略; 作主语时不能省略,what, when, where, how, whatever, whenever, wherever, who, whom, whose等特殊疑问词作连接词,当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时, 连接词用whether或if, 表示“是否”,人称,一随主, 二随宾, 三不变,【巧学妙记】宾语从句的用法歌诀,宾语从句三注意, 时态、语序、引导词。,主句假设是过去时, 主从时态要一致。,宾从表达是真理, 一般现在代过去。,引导词也不难, 陈述要用that连。,一般问句表“是否, if或whether来引导。,特殊问句作宾从, 疑问词引导就能行。,还有一点要说明, 陈述语序要记清。,【温馨提示】宾语从句中的否认转移,当主句的谓语是think, believe, guess, suppose等表示“认为、相信、猜测、期望等意思的动词时, 主句的主语是第一人称, 且时态为一般现在时时, 从句的否认一般要转移到主句上来。,考点2 定语从句,【中考体验】,(2021成都中考)A kind of shared bike_is called bluegogo is getting more and more popular in Chengdu.,A. itB. whoC. which,【解析】选C。考察定语从句的用法。句意: 一种名叫“小蓝单车的共享自行车在成都正变得越来越受欢送。关系词who和which都可引导定语从句, who指代人; which指代物, 这里的先行词bike是物, 应用which引导定语从句。应选C。,(2021遂宁中考)Alice prefers stories that _short and funny.,A. areB. isC. wasD. were,【解析】选A。考察定语从句中be动词的用法。句意: 爱丽丝喜欢短而有趣的故事。首先确定句子为一般现在时, 先行词stories为复数, 确定be动词为are, 应选A。,(2021十堰中考)This is a heartwarming story about a boy_saved his mothers life.,A. whichB. whoC. whoseD. whom,【解析】选B。考察定语从句的用法。句意: 这是一个关于男孩的感人故事, 这个男孩救了他母亲的生命。先行词为a boy, 表示人, 且该空关系代词在定语从句中作主语, 故用who。应选B。,【知识归纳】,在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般须跟在先行词之后, 如果引导词在从句中用作主语, 从句的人称、数必须和先行词一致。常见定语从句如下:,先行,词,关系词,作用,例句,人,that, who, whom,主语、,宾语、,表语,Do you know the girl who/that is wearing a red coat?,I dont know the girl who/that/whom you are waiting for.,先行,词,关系词,作用,例句,物,that, which,主语、,宾语、,表语,She cant find the pen that/which I lent to her.,The school that/which we visited is very beautiful.,人,whose,定语,The boy whose mother is a teacher studies very hard.,先行,词,关系词,作用,例句,物,whose,定语,The house whose window is open is mine.,时间,when,状语,I still remember the day when you came here.,地点,where,状语,This is the factory where my father works.,原因,why,状语,Do you know the reason why he was late?,【巧学妙记】定语从句的用法,主句型, 从句型, 两种句子要完整。,从句紧跟先行词, 关系词引导要弄清。,定人要用who或whom, 定物which领先用。,关系代词用that, 定人定物有本领。,when用来定时间, where用来定地点。,关系代词作成分, 唯作宾语可省略。,【温馨提示】that和which引导定语从句的用法区别:,1. 只用that引导的定语从句,(1)先行词是不定代词all, everything, nothing, anything, much, little, few等时。例如:,Is there anything(that)you dont know,(2)先行词被all, every, any, no, little, much等修饰时。例如:,I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.,(3)先行词被序数词及形容词最高级修饰时。例如:,This is the second book(that)I borrowed from the school library.,(4)先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时。(领先行词是人时, 也可用关系代词who, whom)例如:,He is the only person that(who)I know here.,(5)当有两个或两个以上分别表示人或物的先行词时。例如:,We are talking about the people and the things(that)we have visited in the country.,(6)主句以who, what, which开头的特殊疑问句时。例如:,Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat,2. 只用which引导的定语从句,(1)引导非限定性定语从句(主句和从句用逗号分开的)时。例如:,The meeting, which was held in our school, was a great success.,(2)当关系代词之前有介词时。例如:,This is the house in which I was born.,【巧学妙记】that和which引导定语从句的用法,that, which可互换, 以下情况勿照办。,that情况比较多, 先来对你说一说:,不定代词这一伙, 全用that准没错。,先行词前有修饰, 千万不要用which。,要用which别着急, 介词提前逗隔离。,
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