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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语音标教学研讨课程,unit 1,语音的重要性：,英语学习的最终目的是交际，而交际是通过口语来进展的，语音在此过程中起着至关重要的作用。语言有三要素：语音、语法、和词汇，其中语音是语言的根底。只有学好发音，才能听懂人家说的话，才能对所学的材料以正确的形式在脑子里储存下来，以正确的形式使它重现，从而加强对语言的感受，最有效地掌握语法和词汇，提高实际使用的能力。,英语音标教学研讨课程,unit 1,什么是音标？,音标就是记录音素的符号，是音素的标写符号。,它的制定原那么是:一个音素只用一个音标表示，,一个音标只表示一个音素。,一元音,辅音28个,轻辅音,/p/,/,t/,/,k/,/f/,/,/,/s/,浊辅音,/b/,/d/,/g/,/v/,/,/z/,轻辅音,/,/,h/,/ts/,/t/,/tr/,浊辅音,/,/,r/,/dz/,/d/,/dr/,鼻音,/m/,/n/,/,半元音,/,j/,/ w/,边音,/,/,填空,.,1.,国际音标有,-,个，它们按发音时气流是否受到阻碍分为,两类,-,和,-,。,2.,其中辅音又可按声带的震动分为,-,和,-,。,3.,元音按其个数分为,-,和,-,。,4.,单元音根据其发音时舌位的不同分为,-,，,-,，,-,。,把以下音标按照元音和辅音归类,/ / /t/ / /a/,/ / /a/ / /tr/,/g/ / /U:/ /j/ /,元音,辅音,26,个英文字母及发音音标,A a ei B b bi: C c si:,D d di: E e i: F f ef,G g d3i: H h eit I i ai,J j d3ei K k kei L l el,M m em N n en O o ,3,u,P p pi: Q q kju: R r :,S s es T t ti: U u ju:,V v vi: W w dblju: X x eks,Y y wai Z z zi:zed,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素,.,如,:,1),含元音音素,ei,字母,: Aa Hh Jj Kk,音标,: ei eit d3ei kei,2),含元音音素,i:,字母,: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv,音标,: bi: si: di: i: d3i: pi: ti: vi:,3),含元音音素,e,字母,: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz,音标,: ef el em en es eks zed,4),含元音音素,ju:,字母,: Uu Qq Ww,音标,: ju: kju: dblju:,5),含元音音素,ai,字母,: Ii Yy,音标,: ai wai,1),含元音音素,ei,字母,: Aa Hh Jj Kk,音标,: ei eit d3ei kei,2),含元音音素,i:,字母,: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv,音标,: bi: si: di: i: d3i: pi: ti: vi:,3),含元音音素,e,字母,: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz,音标,: ef el em en es eks zed,4),含元音音素,ju:,字母,: Uu Qq Ww,音标,: ju: kju: dblju:,5),含元音音素,ai,字母,: Ii Yy,音标,: ai wai,找出所含音素不同的一项,1.A a B b C c G g,2.D d E e F f V v,3.G g H h J j K k,4.L l M m N n O o,5.Q q Y y U u W w,写出英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素,.,1),含元音音素,_,字母,: Aa Hh Jj Kk,音标,: ei eit d3ei kei,2),含元音音素,_,字母,: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv,音标,: bi: si: di: i: d3i: pi: ti: vi:,3),含元音音素,_,字母,: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz,音标,: ef el em en es eks zed,4),含元音音素,_,字母,: Uu Qq Ww,音标,: ju: kju: dblju:,5),含元音音素,_,字母,: Ii Yy,音标,: ai wai,写出英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素,.,1),含元音音素,_,字母,: Aa Hh Jj Kk,2),含元音音素,_,字母,: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv,3),含元音音素,_,字母,: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz,4),含元音音素,_,字母,: Uu Qq Ww,5),含元音音素,_,字母,: Ii Yy,写出含有共同的元音音素的字母,1),含元音音素,ei,字母,:,音标,: ei eit d3ei kei,2),含元音音素,i:,字母,:,音标,: bi: si: di: i: d3i: pi: ti: vi:,3),含元音音素,e,字母,:,音标,: ef el em en es eks zed,4),含元音音素,ju:,字母,:,音标,: ju: kju: dblju:,5),含元音音素,ai,字母,:,音标,: ai wai,英语一些含有共同的元音音素的字母和音标,.,1),含元音音素,ei,字母,:,音标,:,2),含元音音素,i:,字母,:,音标,:,3),含元音音素,e,字母,:,音标,:,4),含元音音素,ju:,字母,:,音标,:,5),含元音音素,ai,字母,:,音标,:,爆破音,p b,发音方法描述：,双唇闭紧，气流突然冲开双唇，冲出口腔。是清辅音，声带不振动。是浊辅音，声带振动。,例词：,p,pen pencil panda pink,pen pensl pnd pik,play popcorn park plane,plei ppk:n p:k plein,book,ball,black,banana,banana,buk b:l blk,bn:n,bn:n,boat bread bike bus,but bred baik,bs,/b/,pen pencil panda pink,book ball black banana,play popcorn park plane,boat bread bike bus,读出以下单词,连线将单词与对应的读音连接起来,Pen pen,pencil b:l,panda pensl,pink ppk:n,book plei,ball bred,black bn:n,banana pnd,bus,bread 【blk,play buk,popcorn but,park plein,plane p:k,bike pik,boat bs,看图写单词,看单词把音标补全,pen_en banana _n:n,pencil_ensl panda_nd,pink _ik bread _red,black _lk popcorn _k:n,Play plei boat but,t d,发音方法描述：,舌尖紧抵上齿龈，形成阻碍，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔。,t,是清辅音，,声带不振动，,d,是浊辅音，声带振动。,例词：,t,time tiger two tea,taim,taig tu: ti:,tip ten talk boot,tip ten t:k bu:t,/d/,dog,doll,duck,deer,dg dl dk di,dig doctor door desk,dig,dkt,d: ,desk,dig doctor door desk,dig,dkt,d: ,desk,time tiger two,Tea tip ten,talk boot dog,doll duck deer,dig doctor door,desk,读出以下单词,time,tiger,two,tea,tip,ten,talk,boot,dog,doll,duck,deer,dig,doctor,door,desk,taim,taig,tu:,ti:,dig,desk,tip,ten,bu:t,dkt,d: ,desk,t:k,bu:t,dg,dl,dk,di,看图写单词,k g,发音方法描述：,舌后部抬起，紧贴软腭，形成阻碍。气流冲开阻碍后冲出口腔。,k,是清辅音，声带不振动，,g,是浊辅音，声带振动。,例词：,k,book,书,like,喜欢,k,ey,钥匙,k,ind,好心的,k,oala,树熊,c,at,猫,ba,ck,后面,g,egg,蛋，,gar,d,en,花园,goo,d,好的,g,uess,猜,a,g,ree,同意,do,g,狗,/k/,Kill clock look,milk,kil klk luk milk,kiss cow key lock,kis,kau,ki: lk,/g/,看图说词,bag,girl,good,game,bg g:l gud geim,gift egg pig flag,gift eg pig flg,读出以下单词,Kill clock look milk,kiss cow key lock,bag girl good game,gift egg pig flag,看图写单词,摩擦音,f v,发音方法描述：,下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿问的缝隙通过，摩擦成音。f是清辅音，声带不,振动，v是浊辅音，声带振动。,例词：,f fly放飞, far 远的, wife妻子 laugh 笑,feel感觉 floor地板 awful可怕的 dolphin海豚,v village 村庄,live 居住,over 完毕,vacation假期 arrive到达 avenue大街 give给,/f/,flower,frog four five,flau frg f: faiv,food first foot read,fu:d f:st fut ri:d,/v/,eleven,seven,van love,ilevn sevn vn lv,visit voice vest victory,vizit vis vest viktri, ,发音方法描述：,舌尖轻触上齿背部，气流从舌齿问的缝隙送出。,是清辅音，声带不振动。,是浊辅音，声带振动。,例词：,th,ink,想,thank,th,ief,贼,th,in,薄的,four,th,第四,bir,th,出生,th,eir,他们的,th,is,这个,th,at,那个,ra,th,er,相当,th,ose,那些,smooth,/,thirteen,tooth,thirty,thread,:ti:n,tu:,:ti red,three,mouth,month,north,ri:,mau mn n:,/,father,mother,brother together,f: m br tge,weather,clothe,feather,we,klu fe,s z,发音方法描述：,舌端靠近上齿龈，气流从舌端和齿龈间通过，形成摩擦音。,s,是清辅音，声带不振动，,z,是浊辅音，声带振动。,例词：,s,pencil,铅笔, dress,女服, s,it,坐,s,ize,大小,s,oap,肥皂,per,s,on,人,vi,s,it,拜访,z,z,oo,动物园,u,s,e,使用,chee,s,e,奶酪,/s/,six snow sun summer,siks snu sn sm,sit smell sister sing,sit smel sist si,/z/,zebra zoo nose zip,zibr zu: nuz zip,zero rose zigzag praise,ziru ruz,zigzg,preiz, ,发音方法描述：,舌身抬起靠近硬腭，舌端抬向上齿龈，形成狭长通道，气流由此通过，双唇稍微收圆并略突出。,是清辅音，声带不振动，,是浊辅音，声带振动。,例词：,sh,e,她,sheep,绵羊,wish,希望, A,s,ia,亚洲,deli,c,ious,可口的,vaca,t,ion,假期,sh,ort,短的,deci,s,ion,决定,gara,g,e,汽修厂,vi,s,ion,视野, pleasure,/,/,fish,wash,sheep,shoe,fi,w i:p u:,push,shop,shirt,brush,pu p :t br,/,/,television,garage treasure,telivin gr:(d) tre,measure,pleasure,decision,me ple disin,h,发音方法描述：,发音时口张开，在通过声门时发出轻微摩擦，气流经过口腔时不受阻碍,。,h,是清辅音，声带不振动。,例词：,h,e,他,her,how,h,ear,听见,h,air,头发,h,all,大厅,h,eavy,重的,h,eight,高度,h,obby,嗜好,h,ouse,房子,h,umid,潮湿的,/,h/,house,horse hamburger head,haus,h:s,hmb:g hed,hand,hair,hat,hen,hnd h ht hen,r,发音方法描述：,舌尖卷起，抬向上齿龈后部，但不发生摩擦，舌两侧稍收拢，口形略突出，气流通过时发出轻微摩擦，r是浊辅音，声带振动。,例词：,rain下雨 read读 relax放松 reporter记者,ride乘 rule规那么 right往右,remember记住 relationship关系,/r/,red,rocket,rain,ruler,red rkit rein ru:l,rubber,run,rooster,robber,rb rn ru:st rb,t d,发音方法描述：,舌尖舌端抬高，贴住上齿龈后部形成阻碍，气流冲出阻碍摩擦成音。口形稍突出，略成方形。,t,是清辅音，声带不振动，,d,是浊辅音，声带振动。,例词：,t,child,小孩，,check,检查，,reach,到达，,teach,教书，,catch,抓住，,ch,eese,奶酪,ch,annel,频道,ch,ange,变化,cul,t,ure,文化,d,page,页,j,azz,爵士乐,E,g,ypt,埃及,exchan,g,e,交换,j,oke,笑话,j,uice,果汁,/t,/,chick,matches cheese,teach,tik mts ti:z ti:t,check chair,cherry watch,tek t teri wt,/d,/,age,jeans jeep,soldier,eid di:nz di:p suld,message,jet jacket junk,mesid det dkit,dk,tr dr,发音方法描述：,舌尖向上卷起，并抵住上齿龈后部，气流冲出舌尖和齿龈之问的阻碍，双唇收圆，稍向前突出。,tr,是清辅音，声带不振动，,dr,是浊辅音，声带振动。,例词：,tr,coun,tr,y,国家,tr,ue,真实的,tr,ee,树,s,tr,eet,街道,dr,dr,aw,画,a,ddr,ess,地址,dr,y,干的,dream,梦想, drive,开车,dr,ink,饮料,/tr/,tree try truck train,tri: trai trk trein,trick track trap travel,trik trk trp trvl,/dr/,drink,drive,dragon dress,drik draiv drgn dres,drop drawing drum drug,drp,dr:i drm drg,ts tz,发音方法描述：,舌端贴住上齿龈，形成阻碍，气流冲破阻碍，口形扁平。,ts,是清辅音，声带不振动，,dz,是浊辅音，声带振动。,例词：,ts,coats,大衣,gets,获得,wan,ts,想要,res,ts,休息,tes,ts,测验,units,单元,tz,reads,读, a,ds,广告,ri,des,骑,frien,ds,朋友,kin,ds,种类,/ts/,cats hats rats,kts hts rts,friends hands beds,frendz hndz bedz,/dz/,m,发音方法描述：,双唇紧闭，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔送出。在词末时，须略延长，以防止吞音。,例词：,m,e,我,my,我的, come,来, tomorrow,明天,m,ap,地图,a,m,azin9,令人惊异的,re,m,e,m,ber,记住,ti,m,e,时间,M,oscow,莫斯科,exa,m,考试,for,m,表格,/m/,money,monkey,map man,mni mki mp mn,medal,microscope Mickey mum,medl maikrskp,miki mm,n,发音方法描述：,舌尖紧贴上齿龈，软腭下垂，形成阻碍，气流由鼻腔送出。在词末时，须略延长，以防止吞音。,例词：,brow,n,棕色的,su,n,太阳,rai,n,下雨,wi,n,ter,冬天,champio,n,冠军,ow,n,自己的,mi,n,d,在乎,/n/,moon,nine,notebook,nurse,mu:n nain ntbk n:s,Ninety spoon nail necklace,nainti,spu:n neil neklis,方法描述：,软腭下垂，舌后部向软腭抬起，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔送出。词末时发音清晰有力，略微延长。,例词：,ba,n,k,银行,song, lo,ng,长的,si,ng,唱歌,E,n,glish,英语,so,ng,歌曲,bla,n,k,空的,painti,ng,绘画,si,ng,er,歌手,shoppi,ng,购物,thi,n,k,想,/,ping-pong,finger,sink,ring,pip fig sik ri,King things wing spring,ki is wi spri,l, l,发音方法描述：,元音前读清晰l，舌端抵上齿龈，气流从舌的一侧或两侧泄出；辅音前或词末发模糊L，舌端也抵上齿龈，但是与清晰音相比，舌前部低，舌 后部高，发音略长。,例词：,Late,low,close,long长的 left往左 lantern灯,like象 listing列表 all,sell, old老的,rule规那么 false假的,school学校 silver银牌,/l/,leader,lady left,leaf,li:d,leidi,left,li:f,luck,lake,lamb,glasses,luk,leik,lm gla:siz,w,发音方法描述：,舌后部向软腭抬起，舌位高，口形收圆并稍向前突出，发音短促，一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动，起辅音的作用。,例词：,we我们,week wait等候 walk走路 wallet钱包,wash洗 waiter效劳员 week星期 winter冬天,win获胜 what什么,/w/,walk,way,watch,wolf,w:k,wei wt wulf,wood wool weapon winter,wud wul wepn wint,j,发音方法描述：舌前部尽量向硬腭抬,起，双唇平展，口微开，舌面和硬腭稍有摩擦，该半元音一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动，起辅音的作用。,例词：,y,es,是的,y,ou,你,y,esterday,昨天,y,ear,年,u,nit,单元,y,et,还,y,oung,年轻的,y,our,你的,/j/,yes,yacht,music,suit,jes jt mju:zik,sju:t,yard young yellow rose,j:d j jelu, ruz,绕口令,A big black bug bit a big black bear,made the big black bear bleed blood.,大黑虫咬大黑熊,大黑熊流血了！,A laurel-crowned clown,！,戴桂冠的小丑。,A noisy noise annoys an oyster.,嘈吵的噪音惹恼牡蛎。,A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.,一只老虎将领带系紧,清洁牠的尾巴。,Chop shops stock chops.,印章店备有印章。,Double bubble gum bubbles double.,双重的泡泡糖能吹双重的泡泡。,单元音：,长元音：,/i:/:/:/:/ /U:/,短元音：,/ /e/,/i:/,发音要领：,1,、舌尖抵下齿，前舌尽量抬高。,2,、嘴唇向两旁伸开，成扁平 。,e : w,e,h,e,sh,e,ea : t,ea,cher sp,ea,k pl,ea,se,ee : f,ee,l tr,ee,m,ee,t n,ee,d,ie : p,ie,ce,单元音,：,/i:/,green,free,bee tea,gri:n fri: ti: bi:,knee meat teacher sea,ni: mi:t ti:t si:,/,发音要领：,1.,舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，比,/i:/,要低。,2.,嘴型扁平，牙床开得比,/i:/,宽。,3.,可从,/i:/,出发，将小指尖放在上下齿之间，使下颚稍稍下垂，舌前部也随之稍稍下降。即可发出,/,/i/,Disk kid six miss,diski,kid siks mis,lip bill tip list,lip bil tip list,发音字母 ：,i y e ui u a,s,i,t p,i,cture l,i,st m,i,x f,i,x p,i,g b,i,g m,i,ss,m,i,n,u,te,man,y,twent,y,happ,y,dictionar,y,Practice:,1.Pl,ea,se have a s,ea,t.,S,ee,ing is bel,ie,ving.,2.I like coff,ee, I like t,ea,I like Lingling skipping with m,e,.,I slit a sheet, a sheet I slit.,Upon the slitted sheet, I sit.,我撕开了一张纸,那张纸给我撕开了。,在撕开了的纸上,我坐下了。,I wish you were a fish in my dish.,我巴不得你是我碟中的鱼。,/e/,发音要领,1,、舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，比,/i:/,要低。,2,、唇形中长，牙床开得比,/i:/,宽，上下齿间可容纳一个 食指。,/e/,telephone jet sell chess,telifun det sel tes,best head left letter,best hed left let,字母组合 ea e a ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay,h,ea,d br,ea,d b,e,d,e,gg b,e,st,n,e,xt,a,ny b,e,tter l,e,sson p,e,n,Br,ea,kfast is r,ea,dy.,L,e,ts g,e,t tog,e,ther again soon.,W,e,ll, l,e,ts g,e,t,e,verything r,ea,dy!,P,e,n and p,e,ncil.,P,e,ncil and p,e,n.,P,e,n and p,e,ncil.,Say it again!,Lets read together.,/,发音要领：,1,、舌尖抵下齿；舌前部稍抬高，舌位比,/e/,更低；,2,、双唇平伸，成扁平形。张开牙床直至上下齿之间容纳食指和中指的宽度。,/,bat map back fat,bt mp bk ft,tank trap sad stamp,tnk trp sd stp,发音字母,a,m,a,p h,a,t f,a,t b,a,d m,a,d,b,a,ck m,a,n h,a,nd th,a,nk,Im a cat, cat, cat,In a cap, cap, cap.,Im a cat, cat, cat,in a hat, hat, hat.,中元音：,/ /:/ /,中元音发音要领：,1,、舌尖抵住下齿，但不如发前元音时抵得那样紧。,2,、舌面最高点在舌前部和舌后部之间。,3,、不圆唇。,/,发音要领：,1、舌后部的靠前局部稍抬起，舌尖和舌端两侧触下齿，开口程度和/相似。双唇向两旁平伸。,2、从元音/ 出发，将圆唇改为扁唇，即可发出此音。,u:,u,p s,u,pper l,u,nch f,u,n c,u,p b,u,s,o: c,o,me m,o,ther d,o,se br,o,ther l,o,ve ab,o,ve,ou: tr,ou,ble,oo: bl,oo,d,/,/,sun gun cup supper,sn gn kp sp,up under shut jump,p nd t dmp,/:/,发音要领：,1,、舌身平放，舌中部稍抬起。,2,、牙床开得较狭窄，双唇和发,/i:/,时相似。,3,、注意长度，不要发得太短,。,ir: g,ir,l sh,ir,t sk,ir,t b,ir,d,ur; t,ur,n b,ur,n n,ur,se t,ur,tle h,ur,t,ear: l,ear,n,ear,n h,ear,d,er; t,er,m h,er,or; w,or,k w,or,m w,or,ld,/:/,Sir shirt first girl,s: ,:t f:st g:l,Work bird T-shirt birth,w:k b:d ti:,:t b:,/,发音要领：,1,、舌身平放，舌中部略隆起。,2,、牙床半开半合，唇形扁或中圆。,er: teach,er,rememb,er,play,er,speak,er,farm,er,or: doct,or,act,or,ou: delici,ou,s danger,ou,s,ar: doll,ar,o: t,o,gether t,o,morrow t,o,day Washingt,o,n p,o,lite,a:,a,go eleph,a,nt banan,a,J,a,pan Chin,a,e: happ,e,n,/,summer winter marker letter,sm wint m:k let,worker numbers water drinker,w:k nmbz w:t drik,Enough is enough ! Just shut up.,Whats up Nothing much.,Hurry up!,I love Chin,a,.,Chin,a,and Americ,a,should always work t,o,geth,er,.,I have to w,or,k,ear,ly tomorrow.,W,or,ds are not for h,ur,ting other people.,Lets read together.,后元音,/:/:/ / /U:/ /,后元音发音要领：,舌尖离开下齿，舌身后缩，舌后部向软腭抬起。除,/:/,用开扁唇外，其他双唇收圆。,发,/:/ /:/ /U:/,时要注意长度，不要发得太短。,/:/,发音要领：,1,、舌尖离开下齿；口张大，舌身压低并后缩。,2,、双唇呈扁型。,ar:,ar,m,ar,t h,ar,d,a: f,a,st l,a,st cl,a,ss f,a,ther,B,ar,k B,ar,k B,ar,k,The dog is b,ar,king,a,fter the c,ar,.,/a:/,shark,artist,park,glass,:k,:tist,p:k gl:s,car card classmate glasses,k: k:d kl:smeit gl:sis,/:/,发音要领：,1,、舌尖离开下齿；舌后部抬得比,/,略高。压低并后缩。,2,、双唇也收得更圆更小，并需用力向前突出。,3,、注意长度不要发得太短。,al: small wall talk tall hall ball call walk,or:short more horse for forty sport story door floor,caught daughter,au: autumn August bought warm,“w+ar ,ar发 : warm war toward,/:/,/,:/,walk talk four call,w:k t:k f:,k:,sport,pork corner order,sp:t,p:k,k:n :d,/,发音要领：,1、舌尖离开下齿；口张大，舌身压低并后缩。,2、双唇稍稍收圆。,3、可先发/:/音，然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩，双 唇稍稍收圆不要突出，即可发出/。,o: hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss dollar,a: want wash watch,au: because,Bob Bob Bob,is an orange dog.,job,hot,clock,block,db,ht,klk bklk,mop pocket rock rocket,mp pkit rk rkit,/,/U:/,发音要领：,1,、双唇比,/,收得更圆更小，向前突出，舌后部比,/,抬得 更高。,2,、注意长度，不要发得太短，口腔肌肉要始终保持紧张状态。,o: d,o,sh,o,e wh,o,oo: f,oo,d t,oo,m,oo,n n,oo,n,u: tr,u,e bl,u,e,/u:/,zoo moon pool shoot,zu: mu:n pu:l u:t,tooth juice shoe blue,tu:,du:s u: blu:,/,发音要领：,1,、舌尖离开下齿；舌后部向软腭抬起，舌身后缩。,2,、双唇收圆，稍向前突出。,oo: l,oo,k g,oo,d f,oo,t b,oo,k w,oo,d,ou: sh,ou,ld c,ou,ld,u: p,u,t p,u,sh,O: w,o,man,/u/,book look cooker foot,buk luk kuk fut,bull wood,pull push,bul,wud pul pu,双元音,双元音是作为一个音节、用一次呼气发出来的两个元音的连缀。这个连缀是以滑溜音的形式读出来的，即舌从第一个元音的位置向第二
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