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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单项填空,第11课时,非谓语动词与with复合构造,二,1,体验高考,1. The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. (2021全国大纲卷),A. joining B. to join,C. joined D. having joined,2,C,考查非谓语动词。句意为“因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。”,join,是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用,join,的过去分词形式，充当表示状态或性质的形容词，选项,A,、,B,、,D,都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。,思路点拨,体验高考,3,2. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _ nothing about the argument. (2021全国大纲卷),A. says B. said,C. to say D. saying,体验高考,4,D,考查非谓语动词。句意为“,Sarah,假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。”,A,和,B,项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；,C,项是作目的状语，而句中是伴随状态，故选,D,。,思路点拨,体验高考,5,高考指南,_ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. (2021辽宁卷),A. Gather B. To gather,C. Gathering D. To be gathering,非谓语动词,【,考点,1,】,非谓语动词的逻辑主语,6,C,句子主语是,the tourists, gather,和,tourists,存有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用现在分词作状语。,解析,高考指南,7,高考指南,1. Its,adj.,for / of sb. to do sth.,句型中的不定式的逻辑主语为“,sb.”,。,2.,非谓语动词作状语时，他们的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语。当非谓语动词的动作由句子主语发出时，非谓语动词用主动形式；当非谓语动词的动作是句子主语所承受的时，用过去分词或不定式、动词的,ing,形式的被动形式。,8,高考指南,3.,代词主格或名词的普通格 非谓语动词构成独立主格结构。非谓语动词逻辑主语为代词或名词。,9,【,考点,2,】,独立成分作状语,_ you the truth, I feel like _ to bed now.,A. Telling; going B. To tell; going,C. Telling; to go D. To tell; to go,高考指南,10,B,to tell you the truth,作独立成分；,like,是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语。,解析,高考指南,11,高考指南,在英语中，少数的,to do,短语，,doing,短语和,done,短语已经当作插入语使用，此时，句子的主语在逻辑上与它们不存在主动或被动关系。,12,(1)to tell you the truth,说实话,needless to say,不用说,to be honest/ frank,老实说，坦白说,to be more exact,更确切地说,to make things worse,更糟的是,say that,假设,高考指南,13,(2)generally/frankly/roughly speaking,一般说来,/,坦白说,/,粗略地说,considering,鉴于,/,考虑到,judging by/from,从,来看，依据,来判断,supposing /suppose that,假定,providing that,假定,according to,依据,including,包括,owing to,由于,talking/speaking of,谈及,高考指南,14,(3)given,考虑到,provided that,如果,高考指南,15,【,考点,3,】,非谓语动词的时态,Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left. (2021陕西卷),A. check B. checking,C. to check D. checked,高考指南,16,D,Claire,在飞机离开之前的一小时让人把行李检查了。,have sth. done,请某人做某事。,解析,高考指南,17,The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. (2021全国新课标卷),A. rose B. rising,C. to rise D. risen,高考指南,18,B,句意：他接下来看见的事是房子后面正冒着烟。现在分词,rising,表动作在进行，和修饰词,smoke,间有主谓关系。,rising from behind the house,现在分词短语作后置定语。,解析,高考指南,19,高考指南,动词不定式一般表示在谓语动作之后的事情，要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情，须用不定式的完成式；动词的,ing,形式一般表示与谓语动词动作同时进行的动作，若要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情，须用动词的,ing,形式的完成式。,20,【,考点,4,】,非谓语动词的句法功能,1.,作主语、表语：,动名词表示一般性、经常性的动作。不定式表示一次性的动作。动名词、不定式作主语常用,it,作其形式主语，但,no use, no good,作表语时，真正主语常用动名词。,高考指南,21,2.,作宾语：,(1),有些动词只跟动名词作宾语,常用的这类动词有：,mind, finish, enjoy, excuse, imagine, keep, practice, suggest, miss, consider, prevent, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, admit, delay, escape, permit, forbid,等。,高考指南,22,(2),有些动词只跟不定式作宾语,常用的这类动词有：,want, wish, hope, expect, agree, decide, learn, pretend, ask, promise, plan, refuse, beg, demand, manage, offer, prepare, claim, struggle,等。,高考指南,23,(3)remember, forget, regret,后接动名词和不定式的区别：后接动名词表示先于谓语动词的动作；后接不定式表示后于谓语动词的动作。,高考指南,24,(4)want, need, require,和,deserve,后接动名词和不定式的用法：当它们后面所接的动词与句子的主语是动宾关系时，用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式。,(5),在,try, stop, mean, go on, cant help,后，用动名词和不定式所表达的含义不同，要注意：,cant help doing sth.,情不自禁做某事；,cant help (to) do sth.,不能帮助做某事,高考指南,25,3. 作宾语补足语：,Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams. (2021重庆卷),A. reminding B. to remind,C. reminded D. remind,高考指南,26,C,keep oneself reminded of his own dreams,。过去分词,reminded,作宾补。,解析,高考指南,27,Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. (2021浙江卷),A. lose B. lost,C. to lose D. having lost,高考指南,28,B,可以从,lost for words (,欲言又止；迷失语言,),这一习语来理解。此题易误选,C,，考生可能会将,find sb. to do,跟,find oneself(to be)done,混淆。根据句意可知谓语动词是,find“,发现”，“即使最好的作家有时也会发现自己,”,，作宾补的四个选项围绕,lose,变化。动词,lose,的基本含义是“丢失”，引申义是“使,沉溺于”,(,使动用法容易被考生忽略,),，跟逻辑主语,themselves,的关系是被动。,解析,高考指南,29,高考指南,熟悉并掌握哪些动词或短语如,advise, allow, like, wish, want, help,等须接不定式作宾语补足语；哪些动词或短语如,find, suggest, lead to,等可接动词的,ing,形式作宾语补足语；哪些动词或短语如,feel, see, watch, hear, have,等既可接动词的,ing,形式又可接过去分词作宾语补足语；何时用主动形式作宾语补足语，何时用被动形式或过去分词作宾语补足语，一般由非谓语动词与宾语的关系确定。,30,4. 作定语：,On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. (2021江西卷),A. says B. said,C. saying D. to say,高考指南,31,C,saying,作后置定语修饰,a phone call from his wife “,来自他妻子的一个电话说”。,解析,高考指南,32,Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (2021福建卷),A. found B. founding,C. founded D. to be founded,高考指南,33,C,清华大学成立于,1911,年。过去分词,founded,作非限制性定语修饰,Tsinghua University(,清华大学,),。,解析,高考指南,34,高考指南,(1),注意非谓语动词的形式，不定式作定语一般用主动式，只有当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或宾语时，才用被动式；现在分词作定语表示主动意义，动作正在进行；过去分词一般表示被动、完成含义。,35,高考指南,(2),非谓语动词的位置：非谓语动词短语作定语时，都要放在所修饰的词之后；单个的动词的,ing,形式或过去分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的词之前。,不及物动词的不定式作定语，与修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，不及物动词后面的介词不能丢。,36,5.,不定式与现在分词作结果状语的区别：,不定式、现在分词都能表示结果，其区别是：不定式一般表示出乎意料的结果，不定式前常用,only,修饰；而动词的,ing,形式表示自然或必然的结果。,高考指南,37,More highways have been built in China, _ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (2021陕西卷),A. making B. made,C. to make D. having made,高考指南,38,A,句意：在中国更多的公路已被修建，这样使得人们从一个地方旅游到另一个地方更为容易。,making,分词短语表意料之中的结果。若是,only to make,则表示意料之外的结果。,解析,高考指南,39,【,考点,5,】,不定式,to,的省略,1.,动词,see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make,接不定式作宾补时，不定式的,to,须省略，但句子变为被动语态时，不定式的,to,不能省略。,2. why, would rather, had better, may as well, cannot (help / choose) but,等后须跟省,to,的不定式。,高考指南,40,3. 介词but, except等前假设有行为动词do, 其后常用省to的不定式作宾语；假设没有行为动词do, 那么用带to的不定式。,4. 不定式作表语时，假设主语中有行为动词do 的某一形式时，不定式的to可有可无。,高考指南,41,高考指南,It was a pity that the famous painter died _ his painting unfinished.,A. of B. from,C. out D. with,With 复合构造,42,D,本题考查,with,复合结构充当状语的用法，不是词组,die of,，,die from,和,die out,。,解析,高考指南,43,With his mother _ him, he is getting on well with his work.,A. help B. to help,C. helping D. helped,高考指南,44,C,这是,with,的复合结构，,his mother,与,help,是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以排除,D,如选,B,则有将来的意思，显然不合语境，选,C,表示“他妈一直在帮他”， 正合句意。,解析,高考指南,45,高考指南,with,复合结构在句中一般作状语和定语，常见形式有：,1,“,with,名词,/,代词介词短语”。,The man was walking on the street, with a book under his arm.,2. “with,名词,/,代词形容词”。,He likes to sleep with the door open.,46,高考指南,3. “with,名词,/,代词副词”。,The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on.,4. “with,名词,/,代词名词”。,He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.,5. “with,名词,/,代词,done”,。在此结构中，过去分词和宾语是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。,With the problem solved, he went out to play.,47,高考指南,6. “with,名词,/,代词,ing,分词”。此结构强调名词是,ing,分词的动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行。,He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.,7. “with,宾语,to do”,。此结构中，不定式和宾语是被动关系，表示尚未发生的动作。,With nothing to do, Ill go out for a walk in the park.,48,49,
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