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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,形容词和副词,一、定义,说明人或事物的,特征、性质或状态,，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。,形容词,a,beautiful,castle,She looks so,happy.,1,作定语,There are many _,colourful,_flowers in the park.,The boy is,old,_,enough,to go to school.,He has,something,_interesting,to tell his mother.,放在被修饰的名词前，不定代词或副词后。,二、用法及位置,注意：基数词可与名词,(,用连字符相连,),构成复合形容词，用作定语。,如：,a 5,year,old girl,，,five-,minute,walk,2,作表语,Mother looked,happy,when she received our presents.,一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式。如：,glad,happy,pleased,sorry,sad,sure,ready,afraid,able,easy,difficult,+to do sth.,be,放在,系动词之,后。,系动词有：,look,feel,taste,smell,sound,等。,常见形容词有good/ bad, rich/ poor, young/ old, deaf/ blind, black/ white, living/ dead 等。,4“the形容词表示一类人或物。,The poor,dont have their own houses.,3,作宾语补足语,You must keep your eyes,closed,_when you do eye exercise.,放在,宾语之,后。,5常见形容词词尾：,-n .的人,-y 充满.的，多.的,-en .材质的,-al 有.属性的,-ern .方位的,-able 可能的，可以的,-ful .的,-less 无.的,Indian,American,rainy,snowy,wooden,personal,natural,eastern,southern,confortable,helpful,useful,careless,endless,anything else,1有些形容词只能用作表语，不能作定语。,这类形容词主要有afraid，alone，asleep，alive，awake，ill等。,2有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如：,friendly，lively，silly，lovely等。,注意：,3以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人。,如：interesting(有趣的)，interested(感兴趣的),exciting(令人兴奋的)，excited兴奋的,4常见形容词的近义词归类。,largebig，gladhappy/pleased，cleverbright，dearexpensive，,brokenworn out，harddifficult，finewell，illsick，,nicekind/fine/good/beautiful，alonelonely,1,.Mum has bought a lot of _ food from the supermarket nearby. (freeze),2,.I won,t do business with such a(n) _ man. (honest),3,.The man was still _ when he was sent to the hospital. (life),4,.He went to Canada several years ago. Now he is a _ citizen. (Canada),5,.Drinking too much fruit juice can be _ to childrens teeth. (harm),6,.We have very _,_,weather here, especially in the winter. (change),7,.We should save _,_,expenses. (necessary),8,.Some parents choose _,_,presents for their children. (education),词性变换,frozen,dishonest,alive,Canadian,harmful,changeable,unnecessary,educational,副词是用来说明,时间、地点、程度、方式,等概念的词，主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。,一、定义,副词,Horses,run,fast,.,He,never goes to school,early,.,(1),时间副词。,如：,now,often,usually,always,early,then,soon,before,ago,等。,(2),地点副词。,如：,here,there,out,above,below,outside,up,down,等。,(3),方式副词。,如：,hard,well,badly,fast,slowly,quietly,等。,(4),频度副词：,如：always, often, frequently, seldom, never，sometimes,二、分类,(5),程度副词。,如,:very,much,still,almost,quite,so,too,等。,(6),疑问副词。,如,:how,when,why,where,等,(,用于特殊疑问句句首,),。,(7),关系副词。,如,:when,where,why (,放在引导的定语从句句首,),。,(8),连接副词。,如,:how,where,why,whether,等,(,放在名词性从句句首，主要是宾语从句,),。,副词修饰动词作状语，位于,动词后,;,修饰形容词作状语，位于,形容词前,；,修饰副词作状语位于,另一副词前,。,例如：He walked quietly into his bedroom.,You have a very nice watch.,You are driving too fast.,三、用法及位置,位置,(1)频度副词，如always，often，sometimes，usually等通常放在动词之前。但在句子里如果有助动词或情态动词，那么要放在它们之后。如果有系动词be，也要放在系动词之后。,He usually has lunch in the factory.,The boy is often late for class.,(2)enough,作形容词修饰名词时，一般放在所修饰的词之前；作副词修饰形容词或副词时，应放在所修饰的词之后。,I have enough money to buy the book.,Hes tall enough to get the book down.,(3)时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，那么把地点副词放在时间副词的前面，也可把时间副词放在句首。,They went swimming in the river yesterday.,Yesterday they went swimming in the river.,(4),方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之前或宾语之后，如果宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词和宾语之间。,My father works hard.,Tom speaks Chinese very well.,Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends.,(5)“及物动词副词组成的动词词组有名词作宾语时，该名词放在副词前或后均可，如是代词作宾语，那么必须将该词放在副词前。,Can I try on the shoes，please,Dont cut it down!,(6),程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面，放在情态动词和助动词之后。,Im very sad to hear that.,(7),某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句前。,Suddenly,he had a good idea.,(1),说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。,The pictures on the wall are,nice,.,(2),有表示绝对概念的副词,very,，,so,，,too,，,enough,，,quite,等修饰时用形容词原级。,The man is,very,tall.,形容词、副词原级用法,(3)表示A与B在某一方面程度一样或不同时用形容词原级。,肯定句中的构造：“A.as形容词原级asB,English is as important as Chinese.,否认句中的构造：“A.notas/so形容词原级asB,I am not so fast as Lucy.,表示“A是B的倍时，用“A.倍数as形容词原级asB构造。(两倍：twice；三倍以上：数字times),Our school is three times as big as his.,This table is twice as long as that one.,“half as形容词原级as表示“是的一半。,His apples are half as many as his sisters.,1.规那么变化,1) 一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词或副词比较级er ，,最高级est,如： clevercleverercleverest,fewfewerfewest,smallsmallersmallest等。,2) 以e结尾的词，比较级r，最高级st 即可。 如：,nicenicernicest cutecutercutest largelargerlargest,形容词、副词的比较级和最高级变化,3) 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为ier或est。如:,easyeasiereasiest,happyhappierhappiest,再如：early, busy, heavy, dirty, lazy也如此。,4)多音节词和局部双音节词,在其前加more,most少数单音节词也是这样，如：pleasedmore pleasedthe most pleased,tiredmore tiredthe most tired,5)中读闭音节词双写后面的辅音比较级er ，最高级est如：,big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest,2. 不规那么变化：,good better best well better best,badworse worst,many / much more most,far farther farthest (距离远),far further furthest (程度深),old elder eldest (长幼),old older oldest (年龄),用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空。,1. Bob is_ (young) than Fred but _ (tall) than,Fred.,2. Tony is not as _ (tall) as Jack.,3. Almost all the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks _ (fat),than before.,4.,He is _(clever )boy in the class.,5,. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world.,6,. A dictionary is much _ (expensive) than a story-book.,7,. He is _(bad) at math. He is much _ (bad) at Chinese and he is,the_ (bad) at English.,er,tall,t,er,the est,est,worse,more ,bad,er,worst,(1)表示两者进展比较时用形容词比较级，其构造为“A.比较级thanB。,The oranges in this bag are bigger than those in that bag.,(2)有表示程度的副词a little，a bit，a few，a lot, much，even，still，far，rather，any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。,It is much hotter in Guangdong than that in Jilin.,形容词、副词比较级用法,(3)表示两者之间进展选择“哪一个更时，用句型“Which/Who is形容词比较级，A or B？表示。,Which book is newer，this one or that one,(4)表示“几倍于时，用“倍数比较级than表示。,Her house is twice bigger than mine.,(5)表示“两者之间较一个(of the two)时，常用“the比较级构造。如：Tom is the taller of the two boys.,(6)表示“越来越，用比较级重叠构造，即“比较级and比较级，当形容词是多音节词和局部双音节词时用“more and more形容词原级。,Its getting warmer_and_warmer in spring.,Our school is becoming more_and_more_beautiful.,(7)表示“越就越时，用“the 比较级，the另一比较级构造。如：The_more we get together, the_happier well be.,Test time,1.Are you _ to reach the picture on the top of the blackboard,A. very tall B. so tall C. too tall D. tall enough,2.She is feeling _ better than before.,A. much, more B. far C. even more D.more,3.Is Mr Smith _ the man,A. so strong as B. more strong than C. stronger than D. much stronger as,4.In the exam, the _ you are, the _ mistakes youll make.,A. carefully, little B. more careful, fewer,C. more careful, less D. more carefully, fewer,(1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进展比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。,He is the youngest in our class.,Marys handwriting is the best of the three girls.,形容词、副词最高级用法,(2)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进展选择时，用“Which/Who isthe最高级，A，B or C？构造。,Who is the oldest,Mary,Nancy or Lily,(3)表示“最的之一时用“one of the形容词最高级构造，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。,The pen is one of the most beautiful pens.,(4)形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最。,The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.,(5)形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用定冠词the。,Tomorrow will be my busiest day.,(6)形容词比较级构造可以表示最高级含义。,Li Lei is the_tallest_student in his class.,Li Lei is taller_ than_in his class.,Li Lei is taller_than _ in his class.,Li Lei is taller_than _ in his class.,any other,student,the other,student,s,anyone else,特别注意：,(1)ing形容词与ed形容词,ing形容词表示“令人的，表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰或说明事物。如：surprising“令人惊讶的，exciting“令人兴奋的，interesting“有趣的等。 ed形容词表示“感到的，表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于“sb.beed形容词介词构造。,如：surprised“感到惊讶的，excited“感到兴奋的，interested“感兴趣的等。,We are all excited about the exciting news.,(2)在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。(在不同范围内比较时，主体可以和其中任意一个对象进展比较)。如：China is larger than any_other country in Asia.,China is larger than any country in Africa.,Test time,1. -Where would you like to go on your summer holiday, Mike,-Id like to go_.,A.nowhere interesting B.interesting anywhere,C.somewhere interesting D.interesting somewhere,2.As we all know, smoking is bad for us,_for children.,A.especially B.recentlyC.probably D.nearly,3. If you dont work_enough, I dont think your dream will come_.,A.hardly;truly B.hardly;true C.hard;true D. hard;truly,4. He said he would come to see us _ the next afternoon.,A.sometime B.some time C. sometimes D. some times,5. Jack is good at drawing. I think no one draws _.,A. better B.best C.worse D. worst,6. Its too late to invite any more people._ , you know how Tim hates parties.,A. Besides B. However C. Still D. Instead,7. - Do you often go to the gym,-No, _. I dont like sports at all.,A.always B. never C. sometimes D. usually,8. -Did Kate do best in the finally exam,-No, but of all the students she did _ .,A.the most careful B. more careful C. most carefully D.more carefully,9,. Our family has bought a car so we can travel _ than before.,A. most easily B. less easily C. easily,D. more easily,10,. My father told me a story last night. It is _ one I,ve ever heard.,A. the funniest B. funniest C. funnier,D. the funnier,11,. The _ friends you have, the _ you will be.,A. more, happyB. many, happyC. more, happierD. many, happier,12,. When he heard a cry for help, he ran out as _ as he could.,A. hardly,B. quickly,C. finally D. slowly,13,. This place is not big enough for Lucy,s birthday party. We should find a _ one.,A. big,B. small,C. bigger D. smaller,Thank you,！,
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