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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第五讲 形容词和副词,考点精讲,形容词,【考点1】多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序,限定词(these，those.)数量形容词(three.)描绘性形容词(beautiful.)大小、长短、上下等形体性形容词(large，long，high.)新旧(old.)颜色(red.)国籍(Chinese.)材料(wood.)用途(writing.)被修饰名词(desk.),记准下面的口诀：,限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；,颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。,The first beautiful little white Chinese wooden bridge.,第一座美丽的中国小白木桥。,【考点2】形容词作定语后置的几种情况,(1)当形容词修饰不定代词one，no，any，some和every构成的复合词，如：something，anything，nothing时。,I have something important to tell you.,我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。,(2)当“形容词介词短语/不定式构成的短语作定语时。,The teacher asked me a question too_difficult_to_answer.,教师问了我一个问题，太难了以至于我答复不出来。,(3)当两个意义相近或相反的形容词用both.and.；and；or或but连接在一起作定语时。,The students were required to see a film,both,_,interesting,_,and,_,instructive,.,学生们被要求看既有趣又有教育意义的电影。,(4)当old，long，high，wide，deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时。,The peasants dug a well,about,_,fifty,_,metres,_,deep,.,农民们挖了一个大约50米深的井。,(2)alive，alone，awake等可以用作后置定语。,He is the greatest poet alive.,他是在世的最伟大的诗人。,(3)以a开头的表语形容词大多不可直接用very来修饰。,sound/fast asleep熟睡的,wide awake十分清醒的,【考点3】以下形容词作表语时，主语通常是“事而不是“人,(im)possible，(un)necessary，(im)probable，(in)convenient,It is not convenient to work at the weekend.,周末不便工作。,【考点4】形容词作状语,形容词作状语表示伴随或结果。,He returned home，safe and sound.,他回到了家，安然无恙。,He is standing there，full of fear.,他站在那里，充满了恐惧。,【考点5】复合形容词的构成,构成方法,例词,副词词干分词,Newly-made新建的,fast-changing 飞速变化着的,名词词干过去分词,Snow-covered被雪覆盖的,名词词干现在分词,Energy-saving节省能源的,注意：,复合形容词中的名词不能用复数形式。,名词词干形容词词干,Life-long终生的,数词词干名词词干,Five-star五星级的,数词词干名词-ed,Four-storeyed四层的,数词词干名词形容词,Five-year-old 5岁的,形容词词干过去分词,ready-made现成的；预先制成的,形容词词干名词-ed,Cold-blooded冷血的,形容词词干现在分词,Ordinary-looking相貌一般的,形容词词干形容词词干,Red-hot炽热的,副词,【考点1】两种形式的副词,有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词一样，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀“ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不大一样，应加以分辨。,close接近(指距离)closely仔细地；密切地,free免费freely自由地；自如地,deep深deeply深刻地；深入地,hard努力地hardly几乎不,late晚、迟lately近来,near邻近nearly几乎,most最mostly主要地；绝大多数地,easy沉着地easily容易地,【考点2】有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语,Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA men.,幸运地是，他没被淹死而是被解放军给救了。,Happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her.,使她快乐的是，她的继母对她很好。,【考点3】副词enough的用法,(1)enough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面。,If I had a long enough holiday，Id visit Europe，stopping at all the small interesting places.,如果我有足够长的假期，我会去游览欧洲，在所有有趣的小地方停下来游玩。,He is old enough to decide for himself.,他已到自己作决定的年龄了。,(2)cannot与enough连用，表示“再也不为过。,You cannot be careful enough.,你再细心也不为过。,注意：enough的这一用法可用cannot(can never).too.句型替换。,You can never be too careful in the street.(You can never be careful enough in the street.),在街上，你再小心也不为过。,【考点4】形容词、副词的固定搭配,Hes dead/blind drunk.,他喝得酩酊大醉。,Its raining/snowing heavily.,雨/雪下得很大。,Hes moving/breathing/drinking/smoking heavily.,他吃力地移动/喘着粗气/酒喝得多/烟抽得多。,The traffic/His moustache is heavy.,交通拥挤/他的胡子浓密。,【考点5】形容词和副词的比较级和最高级,1同程度级的比较，用as.as，the same as，such.as引导：,Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.,亨利不如我的书多。,2the比较级，the比较级：,The more you talked，the less attention he paid to you.,你说得越多，他越不注意你。,3比较级and比较级，表示“越来越,The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.,新城变得越来越美丽。,4the比较级of the two名词：,The taller of the two boys is my brother.,这两个男孩中较高的是我弟弟。,5用介词by表示相差的程度：,She is taller than I by three inches.,她比我高三英尺。,6一个人的两种品质的比较，用more.than构造：,I think shes more shy than unfriendly.,与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。,7否认比较级最高级：,There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.,为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。,8比较的对象不能相互包容：,The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States.,密西西比河是美国最长的河。,注意：比较级的修饰语常见的有：,rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否认句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit，three times等。,The students study even harder than before.,学生们比以前学习更努力了。,比较的对象应该一样：,The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.,(China has a larger population than any other country in the world.),中国的人口比世界上任何其他国家的都多。,no比较级than的特殊含义：,A is no more careful than B.,A和B两人都不仔细。,A is no less careful than B.,A和B两人都很仔细。,真题再现,1(2021浙江卷，18)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend_more in the coming years.,【解析】句意：我总是很喜欢你组织的所有赛事，我希望未来几年参加更多的赛事。根据句意可知此处用many。,【答案】many,2(2021浙江卷，13)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，_(especial) if you are travelling at high speed.,【解析】句意：突然停顿有时会是很可怕的经历，尤其是在你高速行进时。设空处需用副词修饰if引导的状语从句，故答案为especially(尤其)。,【答案】especially,3(2021 湖北卷，27)Even though the conference hall is near his apartment，he has to hurry a little if he wants to be _ (punctuality),【解析】句意：尽管会议厅在他的公寓附近，可是如果他想按时到达的话也要抓紧时间。punctual准时的。,【答案】punctual,4(2021 四川卷，7)Andy is content with the toy.It is the _ (good) he has ever got.,【解析】句意：安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。“It isthe形容词最高级sb.has/have done为固定句型。,【答案】best,5(2021 浙江卷，14)Listening is thus an active，not a _，behavior consisting of hearing，understanding and remembering.,【解析】句意：聆听是一种由倾听、理解和记忆共同组成的主动而非被动的行为。由not和active这两个信息词可知答案为passive。,【答案】passive,6(2021 浙江卷，13)Most of us，if we know even a little about where our food comes from，understand that every bite put into our mouths was _ (former) alive.,【解析】句意：但凡我们知道一点食物的来源，我们大多数人就会明白，进入我们嘴里的每一口食物，之前都是有生命的。formerly以前，原来。,【答案】formerly,7(2021 安徽卷，31)They gave money to the old peoples home either _ (personal) or through their companies.,【解析】句意：他们要么是亲自给敬老院钱，要么是通过公司给敬老院钱。personally亲自。,【答案】personally,8(2021 湖北卷，29)The girl used to be shy，but is _ (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.,【解析】句意：这个女孩过去很腼腆，但是她逐渐变得积极参加集体活动了，也更愿意表达自己了。设空处需用副词作状语。gradually慢慢地，逐渐地。,【答案】gradually,
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