六级作文指导呕心沥血之作

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,CET6,作文指导,六级作文辅导主要内容,六级写作评分原则,六级作文评分标准,六级写作题型分析,如何写大学英语六级作文,亮点句型,注意事项,CET6作文评分原则,1. CET,是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。,2. CET,作文题采用总体评分（,Global Scoring,）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（,Reward Scores,）,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。,3.,从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体，作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。,4.,避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包括,0,分，一名阅卷人员在所阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。,1.,本题满分为,15,分。,2.,阅卷标准共分五等,: 2,分、,5,分、,8,分、,11,分及,14,分。,3.,阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如,8,分）相似，即定为该分数（即,8,分），若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，即可加一分（即,9,分）或减一分（即,7,分），但不得加或减半分。,4.,评分标准：,2,分,条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数 为严重错误。,5,分,基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。,8,分,基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。,11,分,切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。,14,分,切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误， 仅有个别小错。,注,:,白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给,0,分。,5.,字数不足应酌情扣分,六级作文题型分析（新）,六级作文题型分析（旧）,五类作文行文思路一、问题解决型,问题解决型作文通常要求考生从试题的提示性文字、图表或图画入手，描述提示性文字、图表或图画所反映出的问题，提出解决方法。,其基本结构是：首先引出要解决的问题及其严重性或必要性，并简要分析其产生的原因；然后提出解决问题的办法或措施；最后表明自己的态度，提出建议并展望前景。,Topic,首段（描述问题段）,1.Recently, there has a discussion about,总述该问题,2.,危害一,/,原因一,3.Additionally,危害一,/,原因一,4.Therefore, it is high time that,解决问题,标题,首段（描述问题段）,1.,引出问题，指出问题的现状,2.,问题主要危害一,/,原因一,3.,问题主要危害二,/,原因二,4.,表达解决该问题的必要性或紧迫性,中间段（说明方法段）,5. The following ways can be adopted to,解决该问题,.,/Some effective measures have been taken to,解决该问题,.,/ Many a factor plays an important role in,解决该问题,.,/ 6. Firstly/ first of all 7. Secondly/ In addition 8. Thirdly/ Besides/ Moreover. 9. Only through these ways,中间段（说明方法段）,5.,承上启下，引出该问题的解决方法,6.,具体阐述解决方法一,7.,具体阐述解决方法二,8.,具体阐述解决方法三,9.,总结上述方法或因素，强调其必要性。,结尾段,10.It is no doubt that.,11.As for me,结尾段,10.承上启下，强调解决该问题的意义,12.总结，发出呼吁或展望,例文分析（一）,say no to pirated products,At present, piracy is becoming unprecedentedly visible in China, any product, like tape, CD and hi-tech device can be copied, not to mention books. Shortly after a newly-published book hits the shelves, people will unsurprisingly find its pirated counterparts in the stores. It has been widely believed that piracy has caused a great loss to legitimate producers, inventors and authors in many ways.,To start with, pirated products often cost much less than the original ones, so they enjoy unbeatable advantage in price in spite of their relatively poor quality. The original ones, on the contrary, sell poorly. As far as pirated books are concerned, they do great harm to the authors/ reputation due to their misprints. In the long run, pirated products may also have negative impacts on customers since those legitimate producers enthusiasm may be greatly hurt by the fact that some customers are more intended to purchase pirated products. In my opinion, its high time that the government called on everyone to start the battle against piracy. Besides, as customers, we should develop our consciousness to resist pirated products. And law should be strictly carried out to ban piracy from spreading any further. Only in this way can we put an end to piracy and create a healthy environment for both customers and producers.,二、现象解释型,现象解释型作文通常要求考生从试题的提示性文字，图表或图画入手，描述提示性文字、图表或图画中反映出的现象，对该现像进行解释说明，分析其原因并加以评论。,其基本思路是,:,首先描述现象并说明其现状；然后分析这种现象的原因或相关因素；最后提出建议或总结观点。,三、对比选择型,对比选择型作文的标着十分明显，非常容易识别，其要求比较明确，富有针对性。即直接要求考生比较两种观点或两种做法，进而表明自己对问题或事物的态度或观点，也就是做出选择。,其基本行文思路：首先对要评论的事物或现象进行整体的介绍；然后陈述两种不同的观点或者做法及其理由；之后表明自己的观点或,四、观点论证型,观点论证型作文一般要求考生根据题目所给结论，按照提纲要求，通过摆事实、讲道理的方式对该论点进行论证,其基本行文思路：首先提出要论证的论点；然后提供论据对其进行论证；最后表明自己的立场和看法,五、应用文,总括：应用文涉及的内容多种多样，但大部份 与生活比较贴近。六级写作中的应用文以各 类信函为主，具体包括：建议信、抱怨信、 求职信、拒绝信、道歉信、感谢信、祝贺信、 邀请信、求职推荐信、求学推荐信、索取信 等，另外，演说词、倡议书、海报、经典介 绍和日程安排等校园生活及日常生活中常用 到的应用文体，考生也必须熟悉并掌握其基 本写法。,日期和称呼,1.,对某事表示感谢,2.,委婉地表达拒绝之意，引出下文要解释的原因,3.,陈述拒绝原因,4.,表达希望：没有给对方带来不便,5.,提出补救措施或方案,6.,向对方表示谢意,7.,表达对对方的美好祝愿,信件结尾与签名,日期和称呼,1,写信人的身份,2,表述抱怨的内容,3,说明存在的问题,4,说明问题的严重性,5,点名解决问题的紧迫性,6,表达本人的愿望,7,信件结尾常用语,信件结尾与签名,日期和称呼,1.,直接表达写信目的,2.,开始引出问题出现的背景,3.,进一步阐述问题的现状,4.,关注解决问题的必要性,5.,进一步表达问题需要解决的紧迫性,6.,发出号召，提出解决办法,7.,联系方式,8.,书信结尾语，发出号召，增强感染力,亮点句型,1,表示原因,1,）,There are three reasons for this,2,）,The reasons for this are as follows,3,）,The reason for this is obvious,4,）,The reason for this is not far to seek,5,）,The reason for this is that,6,）,We have good reason to believe that,例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly, peoples living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.,注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如: Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。,2表示好处,1）It has the following advantages,2）It does us a lot of good,3）It benefits us quite a lot,4）It is beneficial to us,5）It is of great benefit to us,例如：Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better and open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore, reading extensively is of great benefit to us,3,表示坏处,1,）,It has more disadvantages than advantages,2,）,It does us much harm,3,）,It is harmful to us,例如：,However, everything divides in to two. Television can also be harmful to us. It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.,4表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能,1）It is important（necessary, difficult, convenient, possible）for sb. to do sth.,2）We think it necessary to do sth.,3）It plays an important role in our life,例如：Computers are now being used everywhere, whether in the government, in schools or in business. Soon, computers will be found in every home, too. We have many reasons to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.,5表示措施,1）We should take some effective measures,2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties,3）We should do our utmost in doing sth,4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with,例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, we must take some effective measures to solve it.,6表示变化,1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years,2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications,3）The computer has brought about many changes in education,例如：Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five years. The major reasons for these changes are not far to seekNowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.,7,表示事实、现状,1,）,We cannot ignore the fact that,2,）,No one can deny the fact that,3,）,There is no denying the fact that,4,）,This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.,5,）,However, thats not the case.,例如：,We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution. To solve these problems, we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution. The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.,8表示比较,1）Compared with A, B,2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV,3）There is a striking contrast between them,例如：Compared with cars, bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable. Firstly, they do not consume natural resources of petroleum. Secondly, they do not cause the pollution problem. Last but not least, they contribute to peoples health by giving them due physical exercise.,9,表示数量,1,）,It has increased,（,decreased,）,fromto,2,）,The population in this city has now increased,（,decreased,）,to 800,000,3,）,The output of July in this factory increased by 15,compared with that of January,例如：,With the improvement of the living standard, the proportion of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased,再如：,From the graph listed above, it can be seen that the number of student who use computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.,10,表示看法,1,）,People have,（,take, adopt, assume,）,different attitudes towards sth,2,）,People have different opinions on this problem,3,）,People take different views of,（,on,）,the question,4,）,Some people believe thatOthers argue that,例如：,People have different attitudes towards failure,Some believe that failure leads to success. Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor. However, others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers,11表示结论,1）In short，it can be said that,2）It may be briefly summed up as follows.,3）From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that,例如：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary, however, its method should be improved.,注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。,12,套语,1,）,Its well known to us that ,2,）,As is known to us.,3,）,This is a topic that is being widely talked about.,4,）,From the graph listed above, it can be seen that ,5,）,As a proverb says “where there is a will, there is a way.”,例如,: As is well known to us, it is important for the students to know the world outside campus,The reason for this is obvious. Nowadays, the society is changing and developing rapidly, and the campus is no longer an “ivory tower. As college students, we must get in touch with the world outside the campus. Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate.,临场注意事项,放松情绪，消除恐惧感，必要时可借助深呼吸来缓解紧张的心情。如试卷一、二（作文在试卷,2,上）同时发下来，应在做完听力部分后，迅速地看一下作文题，让其在大脑中留有一席之地，这样便于在做词汇、阅读时随时发现写作可借用的词汇、例子、句型等相关内容，而不致于在本来较短的写作时间内，大脑一片空白，无从下手。,总之，为了顺利通过六级写作考试，突破最低分类线，不但需要了解相应的考试要求，评分原则，掌握各种文体的写作要领，而且更需要平时多读多练习，加强实践。,Thank you for listening!,