高中动词不定式的用法

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,定义,不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由,“,to+,动词原形,”,构成，没有人称和,数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。,但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特,征，在句中可以作,主语、宾语、补足语、,表语、定语、状语,等。,一,.,不定式在句中的功能,1.,作主语,:,眼见为实,.,To see,is to believe.,为避免句子出现,“,头重脚轻,”,现象，常用,it,做形式主语，将真正主语的不定式后置。,要学好英语不是那么容易的。,e.g. It is not easy,to learn,English well.,2.,作宾语,她喜欢谈论这件事情。,e.g. She loves,to talk,about the matter.,他希望不久能找到工作。,He hopes,to find,a job soon.,他答应不把这事告诉任何人。,He promised not,to tell,anyone about it.,I want,to go home,.,The workers demanded,to get better pay,.,I found it necessary,to talk to him again,.,think/consider/feel/find it + adj.+ to do,点击规律,：,在,find feel think,consider,+ it +,adj,+,to do sth,句型中，,it,是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。,I found it very difficult to get a job.,(it,为形式宾语,),如：,The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep,I feel it easy to recite the text,巧记动词不定式作宾语歌诀：,想要拒绝莫忘记,（,want, refuse, forget,）,需要努力就学习,（,need, try, learn,）,喜欢帮助加同意,（,like help agree,）,希望决定后开始,（,hope, decide, begin, start,）,点击规律：,有些动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思区别不大。,提示板：,doing,指经常性动作,，而,to do,指一次性的动作,。,I like swimming,，,but I dont like to swim now,我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。,beginstart to do sth,beginstart doing sth,后面只接动名词做宾的动词,实践完成听建议,practice finish suggest,习惯继续别放弃,be used to keep on give up,喜欢思念忙介意,enjoy miss be busy mind,不禁考虑会想你,cant help consider feel like,2),思考,:,巧记哪些动名词与不定式的动词意思有较大的区别？,记住要努力,，（,remember,want,try,),需要别忘记,；,(need,forget,),后悔没尽力,，,(,regret,try ),意思要停止,。,(,mean,require,stop,),返回,1.,remember to do sth,记住要做某事,You must remember to lock the door when you leave,2.,remember doing sth,记得曾做过某事,I remember locking the front door,3.,forget to do sth,忘记要做某事,He forgot to do his homework yesterday,4.,forget doing sth,忘记曾做过某事,I forgot saying this thing to you,5.,try to do sth,努力做某事,He tries to answer each question,6.,try doing sth,试着做某事,I tried singing an English song,7.,mean to do sth,打算做某事,We mean to travel abroad next year,我们明年打算去国外旅行,8.,mean doing sth,意味着,It means waiting for him another hour,这意味着要再等一个小时,9.,stop to do sth,停下来去做另一件事,Stop to have a rest if you are tired,10.,stop doing sth,停止做某事,Although it rained heavily , the farmers didnt stop working in the field,虽然雨下得很大，农民们却没有停止在田间劳动,11.,regret to do sth,对现在发生的事表示“遗憾”,We regret to inform you that you owe the bank $ 100,我们很遗憾地通知你，你欠银行,100,美元,12.,regret doing sth,对发生过的事表示“后悔,”,He regretted playing computer games,.,他后悔玩电脑游戏,13.,go on to do sth,做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事,14.,go on doing sth,继续做原来所做的同一件事,你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？,Do you remember,which way to get,there?,下一步干什么你决定了吗,?,Have you decided,what to do,next?,我来问他怎么样开这机器。,Ill ask him,how to operate,the,machine.,1),不定式有时和连接代词,/,副词构成宾语。,2),有时不定式由,whether,引起。,I didnt know,whether to laugh,or cry,about it.,3) feel, find, judge, make, think, believe,consider,等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，,补语是形容词,(,间或是名词,),，常用,it,作形,式宾语，把不定式后移。,I find it difficult,to work,with him.,She asked me,to stay,there.,Please allow me,to introduce,Mr. White,to you.,Father will not allow us,to play,on the street.,My brother asked me,to clean,the room,with him.,3.,作宾语补足语,:,动词,+,宾语,+,带,to,的不定式,常带,to,的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有,:,ask, beg, prefer, help, promise, wish, want,expect, permit, request, allow, command,tell, invite, cause, encourage, warn, advise,persuade, force, order, remind, teach,等,.,在主动结构中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应,省略,to: “,五看”,(see, watch, notice, observe, look at),“,三使”,(make, let, have) “,两听”,(hear, listen to),“,一感觉”,(feel),。,e.g. Who made him work all night long?,The policeman saw a child play in the street.,Dont make the children do such heavy work.,Shall I have him come here?,但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的,to,。,e.g. He was seen to break the window.,The policeman saw a child play in the street.,A child was seen to play in the street by,the policeman.,4.,作表语,不定式可用作表语，说明主语的具体内容。,My work is,to clean,the room every day.,我的梦想是成为一名医生。,His dream is,to be,a doctor.,我的工作是帮助病人。,My job is,to help,the patient,5.,作定语,不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往,表示未发生的动作。,I have a lot of work,to do,.,She is the first student,to come,to school.,I have some books for you,to read,.,She is looking for a room,to live in,.,There is nothing,to worry about,.,6.,作状语,目的状语,:,常用的结构,to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such as to do, etc.,I come here,to say,good-bye to you.,结果状语,:,常与,only , enough,或,too,连用。,He studied hard only,to fail,the exam.,He is old enough,to go,to school.,原因状语,:,一般用在句尾,Im glad,to see,you.,She wept,to see,the sight.,二,.,不定式的否定结构：,不定式的否定结构多由“,not +,不定式”构成，,否定副词,not, never, seldom, hardly,等要置于,to,前。,请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。,Please tell your child,not to,play in the street.,她检查名字为了不犯错误。,She checked the names,so,as,not,to,make,mistakes.,三,.,不定式的时态：,一般时,表示的动作,有时与谓语动词表示的,动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词表示的,动作之后。,He,seems to know,this.,他似乎知道这事。,I,hope,to,see,you again.,我希望再见到你。,2.,完成时,表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的,动作之前。,很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。,Im sorry,to,have given,you so much trouble.,Practice,She reached the top of the hill and stopped,_ on a big rock by the side of the path.,A. to have rested B. resting,C. to rest D. rest,2. Were planning _ a party next week.,A. to have B. have C. having D. had,C,A,3. -Which do you prefer _ your weekends,fishing or watching TV?,-Neither.,A. Spending B. to spend,C. being spent D. spend,4. Did you find out _ the pie out of the oven?,A. When to take B. to take,C. have taken D. being taken,B,A,5. _ get a complete picture, further,information is needed.,A. In order that B. In order to,C. Being D. To have,6. Its necessary _ some English grammar.,A. for students to learn,B. for students learning,C. of students to learn,D. of students learning,B,A,7. I ought to _ him the news, but I forgot to,do so.,A. remember to tell,B. remember telling,C. have remembered to tell,D. have remembered telling,C,高考链接,1. I like getting up very early in,summer. The morning air is so,good _.,(,2008,全国,I,卷,),A. to be breathed,B. to breathe,C. breathing,D. being breathed,B,2. Did the book give the information you,needed?, Yes. But _ it, I had to read the,entire book. (2008,北京卷,),A. to find B. find,C. to finding D. finding,A,4. _ the project as planned, well have,to work two more hours a day.,(2008,湖南卷,),A. Completing B. Complete,C. Completed D. To complete,5. If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to,just keep on until it is finished.,(2008,上海卷,) A. to do B. to be doing,C. done D. doing,D,A,6. When asked why he went there, he,said he was sent there _ for a,space flight. (07,江西卷,),A. training B. being trained,C. to have trainedD. to be trained,7. The children talked so loudly at dinner,table that I had to struggle _.,(07,浙江卷,),A. to be heard B. to have heard,C. hearing D. being heard,D,A,不定式、过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别,这三种形式作定语，体现在动作的发生时间上。,过去分词作定语表示被动和完成。,如：,H,ave you read the novel,written,by dickens ?,The,developed,country,现在分词作定语表示正在进行,。如：,The,flying,kites are high in the sky.,The,developing,country,不定式的被动式作定语时,，,表示将来,的动作,。如：,T,he question,to be discussed,at the,tomorrows meeting is a very important one.,1. Summarize the rules of infinitive,in your own way.,2. Finish the exercises of the textbook,on Page 5.,Homework,