情态动词用法总结

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,情态动词用法总结,情态动词的语法特征,2),情态动词不能单独做谓语,后面只能接动词原形，,ought to,和,have to,除外，,。,3),情态动词没有人称,数的变化,但有些情态动词,如,can,、,will,、,have to,、,may,等有过去式。,1,）情态动词表说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度。,1) Some of us can use the computer now,but we couldnt last year.,2) Can she be in the computer center?,3) I though what he said could not be true.,4) Can/Could I use your dictionary?,5) Could you lend me a hand?,1.,表能力,意为,“,能，能够,”,，,can,指现在，,could,指过去。,3.,表示“请求” “允许”,(,表请求时，口语中常用,could,代替,can,使语气更委婉，回答时用,can),2.,表示推测，意为“可能”“或许”，用于疑问句或否定句，,cant,和,couldnt,意为“不可能”。,1. can,与,could,4. can,用于疑问句或否定句中时，表惊异、,不相信等，意思是“可能、能够”。,6) How can you believe such a liar like him?,5. cant/ couldnt have done,表示对过去情况的否定推测,意为“过去不可能做过某事”,7) Susan cant have written a report like this.,8) She cant have gone to school, it is Sunday .,6. can/could have done,表对过去的推测，意为“过去可能做了某事”。,could have done,还可以表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，意为“本能够做某事可事实上未做”,9,）,Its a pity. Your class could have got the first prize.,10,）,Where can Mary have gone?,can,表示“能够”时与短语,be able to,同义，但,can,只用于一般现在时或过去时，而后者可用于各种时态。另外，,can,表示个人有某种能力，而,be able to,表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事，相当于,succeed in doing sth.,；,can/be able to,Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short.,A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may,2. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be,that he was late for the opening ceremony?,A. can B. should C. may D. must,3. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York.,- Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara.,A. could have stayed B. could stay,C. would stay D. must have stayed,My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday,afternoon, so he _ your lecture.,A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended,C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended,B,A,A,A,5. Theres someone outside. Who _it be?,A. can B. need C. may D. must,6. -Is Jack on duty today?,-It _ be him. Its his turn tomorrow.,A. mustnt B. wont C. cant D. neednt,7. It is usually warm in my hometown, but it _be rather,cold sometimes.,A. can B. need C. dare D. must,8. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but,everyone _ get away.,A. were able to B. would,C. was able to D. could,A,C,A,C,2. may,与,might,1.,表示“许可”或“请求”，有“可以”的意思，口语中,常用,might,代,may ,表示委婉语气。,否定回答时用,“,must not”,表“禁止，阻止”，,不用,“,may not,”,. “may not”,表示“可能不” 。,Eg: 1)- May I watch TV after supper?,- Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt.,2) Today is Sunday. She may not in her office now.,2.,表示可能性。 意为“或许，可能”,might,比,may,可能性小。,Eg: 1) The girl might be sleeping this time of day.,2) They may be in the library now.,4. may/ might as well +,动词原形 “,还是,的好” “不妨干某事”,Eg: You may as well go and have a look.,3.may/might have done,表示对过去发生过的事情的推测，意为“可能已经做过某事”,Eg:,I cant find my sunglasses. I may/might have left them in your office.,1.Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off,the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.,A. might B. should,C. can D. will,2.Peter _ come with us tonight,but he isnt very sure yet.,A. must B. may,C. can D. will,A,B,3. will,与,would,1.,用于第二人称的疑问句中，表“请求、建议”等，用,would,比用,will,委婉，客气些,Eg: 1)Will you lend me your book?,2) Would you like a cup of tea?,2.,用于表示意志或意愿，意为“会，愿意” 。,will,指现在，而,would,指 过去。用于否定句中，表示“不会、不肯、不乐意”。,Eg: 1) I wont do that again.,2) They said that they would help us.,3) No matter what I said, he wont listen to me.,3.,表示习惯性动作。 译作 “总是、惯于”，,will,指现在常常，,would,指过去常常。,Eg: 1)This man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything.,2) Mary will keep asking some silly questions.,3) Every evening, she would sit by window,deep in thought.,4) We would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories.,If you _ wait here for another 5 minutes, our manager,will come back.,A. should B. will C. need D. must,2. When he was there, he_ go to that coffee shop at the,corner after work every day.,A. would B. should C. had better D. might,B,A,4. should,与,ought to,1. ought to,比,should,语气更重。两者都用于表劝告、建议。 意为”应该、应当”。但在疑问句中常用,should,。,ought to,的否定式为,oughtnt to,或,ought not to,。,Eg: I should help her because she is in trouble.,You ought to take care of the baby.,Should I open the window?,What should we do next?,2.,两者都可表示推测，表示很大的可能性。意为 “可能、按理该,”,Eg: 1) Its 7 oclock, he should be at home.,2) They should have arrived by now.,3. ought to/should have done,本应该干某事可事实未干,oughtnt to/shouldnt have done,本不该干某事可事实 却干了,Eg: You should have invited me to the party yesterday.,You are right. I Should have thought of that.,You shouldnt have eaten all the cakes in one day.,4. Should,可以用来表示说话人的惊奇等情感，意为“竟然，居然”,Eg: 1) Its surprising that Mary should love such a person.,2) Its unbelievable that the boy should sing such a beautiful song.,1.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _,be so rude to a lady.,A. can B. should C. may D. must,2. - When can I come for the photos? I need them,tomorrow afternoon.,- They _ be ready by 12:00,A. can B. should C. might D. need,3. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead.,A. must have studied B. might study,C. ought to have studied D. would study,B,B,c,5. shall,1. Shall,用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。,Eg: 1) Shall we begin our discussion?,2) Shall I change the clothes for the child?,3) Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?,4) Henry is waiting outside. Shall he come in?,2. Shall,用于二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人,的允诺、警告、命令、威胁等语气。,Eg: 1)You shall get an answer from me tomorrow.,2) He shall be punished.,3) You shall go with me.,4) Tell Jerry that he shall get a gift if he behaves well.,Chairman Zhang, many people want to see you. _they,wait here or outside?,A. shall B. can C. should D. may,2. You _use my bike if you can return it to me before I,leave here.,A. should B. shall C. need D. must,3. You _be punished if you break the rule.,A. shall B. should C. need D. must,A,B,A,must/haveto/need,1.must,用于一般问句中,肯定回答用,must,否定回答用,neednt,或,dont have to,，意为“不必”。,mustnt,表示“禁止，不允许”,Must,Ifinishallhomeworkatatime?,Yes, you,must,.,No,you,neednt/dont have to.,I dont like this TV set. We,must,buy a new one.,Mother was out, so I,had to,look after the shop.,2.,表示“必须”这个意思时，,must,和,haveto,稍有区别。,must,着重说明主观看法，,haveto,强调客观需要。另外，,haveto,能用于更多时态。,You,must,bethenewteacher.,He,must,bejoking. Thereisnobodyhere.They,musthaveall gone,home.,3.must,表示对某人某事的肯定猜测,作“准是”, “,一定”,用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用,must have done,，意为过去一定已经做过某事。,Why,must,you always interrupt me?,If you,must,smoke, do it outside, please,Why,must,it rain on Sunday?,4.,m,ust,表示与说话人愿望相反，翻译成“偏要，硬要，非要”,5.,注意对,need,问句的回答,:,-Need I finish the work today?,-Yes, _.,No, _.,No, _.,you must,you neednt,you dont have to,-Must we do it now?,-No, you _.,neednt,(dont have to),【,考例,】The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we _ go to work tomorrow. (,上海,2007,春,),A. cant B. mustnt,C. neednt D. shouldnt,【,点拨,】,考查情态动词。根据题意,可知这里表示“没有必要”,故只能选,C,项。,【,考例,】What do you think we can do for our aged parents?,You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.,A. dont have to B. oughtnt to,C. mustnt D. cant,【,点拨,】,根据题意“除了和他们呆在一起做你自己外,没有必要做任何事情。”可知这里选择,dont have to,表示“不必”。故选,A,项。,【,考例,】,-Jane has just come back from China and she looks happy.,- She _ her trip very much.,must enjoy B. must have enjoyed,C. may enjoy D should have enjoyed,【,考例,】,You _ return the book now, you can keep it until next week if you like.,cant B. mustnt,C. neednt D. may not,【,考例,】Where is Dad, Mary?,He _ the flowers in the garden.,must water B. must be watering,C. Must have watered D. watered,【,考例,】-Whats the matter with the man hanging his head there?,-Well. If you _know, he was caught stealing my bike.,must B. may C. can D. shall,情态动词表推测用法小结,情态动词,对现在或将来情况的推测,对现在或将来正在进行的推测,对过去情况的推测,肯定推测,must,must+v,must+be doing,must+have done,可能推测,may/might,may/might+v,may/might+be doing,may/might+have done,否定推测,cant/couldnt,cant/couldnt+v,cant/couldnt+be doing,cant/couldnt+have done,疑问推测,can/could,can/could+v,can/could+be doing,can/could+have done,情态动词,+ have done,这是历年高考热点之一，,可表示“推测、责备、怀疑”,等多种意义。,一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计,1. must have done “,过去肯定已经做了某事”,eg: The ground is rather wet,so it must have rained last night.,2. may/might have done “,可能,/,大概已经做了某事”,eg: Tom may have gone to shanghai,but I still not sure about it.,3. cant/couldnt have done “,不可能已经做了某事”,eg: The ground is very dry,so it cant have rained last night,注：在疑问句中,can/could,表示对过去情况的疑问性,推测，“可能已经,了吗？”,eg: Someone must have broken into our bedroom,Who could have done it?,二、表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备,1. should/ought to have done “,过去本应该做而没做”,eg: I really regretted wasting the hours when,I should have studied hard, but it was too late.,2. shouldnt/oughtnt to have done,“,过去本不应该做的事却做了”,eg: Im very sorry for the words I shouldnt have,said to you at that moment.,3. could/might have done “,本来能够做的事却没做”,eg: He could have worked out the problem.,4. neednt have done “,原本不必做的事却做了”,eg: Your home is not far from your school, so you,neednt have left in such a hurry.,5. Would like to have done “,本打算做某事但没做成”,eg: I would like to have come to visit you, but I had,to look after my sick mother at home.,