汽车表面外观控制

Klicken Sie, um das Format des Titel-Masters zu bearbeiten.,Start,汽车涂层的表面外观,统一和谐的外观 = 质量,水平区域,垂直区域,加装部件,Uniform Quality,桔,皮仪,DOI,汽车,工业表面外观的标准,wave-scan DOI,微型桔皮仪,micro-wave-scan,在现场作不同型号车之间的比较,加装部件的涂装,工艺控制,整车质保中检查各部位间,的一致性,可解决小面积部件和弯曲面上的测量问题,聚,焦在表面,长,波,短波,聚,焦在反射影像,雾,影,光泽,鲜,映性,全面,外观,成,像质量,波,纹，桔皮,波,纹,桔,皮,明亮,度,-,DOI,App. influenced by.,表面,外观受影响于 .,聚焦在表面,表面结构 / 波纹,聚焦于反射影像,光泽 / 明亮度,表面,外观的视觉感受,Focal Plane,桔,皮的视觉感受,波纹,亮/暗 模式,wavy pattern,长,波,短,波,Structure Size,不同,大小的波纹有不同的外观,同一块样板,SW（,短波）： 17,40,cm,3,m,Observ. Distance,不同,的观察距离有不同的外观,LW（,长波）： 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pattern,不同,的观察距离有不同的外观,40,cm,波,长,(,mm),3m,表面,结构的可见度,0.1,1,10,100,30,3,0.3, 0.1,40cm,20,40,60,80,100,人,眼的分辨率,Visibility,桔,皮仪,:,测量,原理,光学,轮廓,扫描,10 cm,激光,wsc Principle,探头,桔,皮仪,:,测量,原理,scanning 1,激光光源,激光光源,探头,桔,皮仪,:,测量,原理,scanning 2,探头,桔,皮仪,:,测量,原理,scanning 3,激光光源,探头,桔,皮仪,:,测量,原理,scanning 4,激光光源,桔,皮仪,:,测量,原理,光学,轮廓,长,波,短波,数学滤波器,Profile + Filter L/S,信号分离,信号,0,200,400,600,800,1000,1200,1400,1600,1800,2000,平均对比度,长波值,长波,0,200,400,600,800,1000,1200,1400,1600,1800,2000,Signal separation,波,纹标尺：长波，短波,比较数值,20,80,100,0,40,60,平滑,差,Scaling,表面特征由长波和短波来表示,sample A + B,样品,A,样品,B,17,31,15,短波,10,长波,31,10,仅用长波和短波来表示的局限性,新的油漆系统要求有更“高级”,的测量步骤,12,12,sample C + D,样品,C,样品,D,21,短波,7,长波,21,7,测量,原理,:,桔,皮仪,DOI,光学,轮廓,0.1 mm,30 mm,数学滤波器,扩大,测量的范围,将,长波细分,更,高的分辨率,Principle wscDOI,波长范围,长波,0.1,1,10,波长,短波,3,30,0.3,mm,经典的标尺,Wa,Wb,Wc,Wd,We,new 5 ranges,-,分割成5个范围,结构, 波段曲线,样品,C,样品,D,Struct. spectr C+D,0,5,10,15,20,25,1 - 3,3 - 10,10 - 30,0.3-1,0.1-0.3,波,长,(,mm),长波 7,长波 12,Wc,Wd,We,Wb,Wa,波,纹,+,明亮,度,对比度,锐,度,分辨,度,App. infl. by DOI,表面,外观受影响于 .,探,头,镜,向光泽测量,测量,全部反射光的强度,取,决于曲率,Specular Gloss:,光泽,20,例,:,单,组分和双组分,反射,指数,1.54,1.52,1.51,1.53,1.50,80,85,90,95,单,组分,双,组分,视觉：,同样,明亮,没有,关联性,取决于涂料的材料,镜,向光泽,：,什么是,DOI？,好,差,对比度,锐,度,-,分辨,度,20,40,60,80,100,1,10,100,30,3,0.3, 0.1,0.1,表面,结构对,DOI,的影响,光线漫射引起影像对比度的降低,小结构引起影像轮廓的模糊,测量,光线漫射,( 0.1,mm),照相,机,20,漫,射值,小于,0.1,mm,的结构引起的光线漫射,最大,= 晦涩度（,dullness）,Principle DOI,晦涩度（,du）,与油漆材料无关,反射,指数,1.54,1.52,1.51,1.53,1.50,5,10,15,20,单,组分,双,组分,du,可用于弯曲的表面,平面,曲面,Dullness, 0.1,dullness,0,5,10,15,20,25,1 - 3,3 - 10,10 - 30,0.3-1,0.1-0.3,mm,Wa,Wb,Wc,Wd,We,全部,结构的波段曲线,Complette Struct.spectr.,DOI,DOI （,鲜,映性）,0,5,10,15,20,25,1 - 3,3 - 10,10 - 30,0.3-1,0.1-0.3,mm, 5,Horizontal 7,Standards for comparison,purposes to facilitate judgment,High peel,10,3,8,1,5,6,Smooth,2,4,7,9,Illumination & viewing,conditions not defined,Final judgment dependent,on observer,Visual Tools,to assess Orange Peel,1980,R-wave-scan,DOI,100,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,Vi,sual,Tools to assess Orange Peel,R wave-scan: Function of (LW + SW),80% is based on LW,0.0,10.0,20.0,30.0,40.0,50.0,60.0,70.0,80.0,du,dullness,Wa,0,1-,0,3mm,Wb,0,3-,1,0mm,Wc,1-3mm,Wd 3-,10mm,We 10-,30mm,Rating 1,Rating 2,Rating 3,Rating 4,Rating 5,Rating 6,Rating 7,Rating 8,Rating 9,Panel set: 1994 -B,DOI varies,No real R8, R8=R9,R9=R10,R-wave-scan,DOI,100,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,Vi,sual,Tools to assess Orange Peel,Panel set: 1994 - U,DOI varies,Differences are not equal,No real R5,R9 = R8, R10=R9,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,du,Wa,Wb,Wc,Wd,We,R 1,R 2,R 3,R 4,R 5,R 6,R 7,R 8,R 9,R 10,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,10,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,R-wave-scan,DOI,Vi,sual,Tools to assess Orange Peel,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,du,Wa,Wb,Wc,Wd,We,R 1,R 2,R 3,R 4,R 5,R 6,R 7,R 8,R 9,R 10,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,Panel set: 1994 - A,DOI varies,Differences are not equal,R4 better than R5,No real R6,R8 = R9= R10,R-wave-scan,DOI,10,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,Vi,sual,Tools to assess Orange Peel,Poor reproducibility between,panel sets over the years,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,R 3,R 4,R 5,R 6,R 7,R 8,R 9,R 10,du,Wa,Wb,Wc,Wd,We,R-wave-scan,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,DOI,10,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,Panel set: 2002,Very different to 1994,Poor correlation to visual,Vi,sual,Tools to assess Orange Peel,桔皮仪,DOI ,不仅仅是一台仪器,工艺,底材,油漆材料,质保的工具使外观评估文件化并能及早地发现质量的变化,测量,的结果帮助改善质量,Influences: “More than instrument“,Substrate roughness,磷化锌层,5 ,m,电泳漆层,18 25 ,m,中涂层,20 40 ,m,面漆层,15 20 ,m,清漆层,25 50 ,m,车身底材,底材质量影响表面外观,Steel type: Ford Study,50,55,60,65,70,Combined QMS,Kawasaki Paint/,Galv,.,USS ETD/CRS,Zinc Nickel,Kawasaki Paint/C.R.,National,Galv,.,Kawasaki Form/CRS,Bright Steel,Rouge Steel/,Galv,.,Inland,Bonazinc,Zinc XROX,Effect of steel type on appearance,Ford Study 1989,短波,长波,玻璃,ST 1405,DIN 1624,Lasertex,10,20,30,0,Steel type: Merc.Benz,钢板型号对外观的影响,Mercedes Benz,研究于 1992,SMC glass fiber type,0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,du,Wa,Wb,Wc,Wd,We,68,69,83,C83M,不同纤维的玻璃钢底材对外观的影响,Owens Corning,玻璃钢外观研究,Courtesy of G.,Montagna,“,粗糙”的中涂层对外观的影响,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,0.1,0.1-0.3,0.3-1.0,1-3,3-10,10-30,Sanding primer,砂磨中涂层,5,10,15,20,5,10,15,20,0,长波,前盖,短波,晾,干时间,:,9 min.,3 min.,车门,晾,干时间对外观的影响,Flash-Off time,CC + Surface Tension,50 m of,clearcoat,can level a wave of 500 m = 0.5mm in distance.,What does this mean in wave-scan scales?,Dullness 0.1 mm,Wa,: 0.1 to 0.3 mm,Wb,: 0.3 to 1 mm,What substrate structures can we “level” with the,clearcoat,?,Physics of surface tension leveling say that you can only,level a wave that is, at most, 10 times wider than the,depth of the liquid.,Wc,: 1 to 3 mm,Wd: 3 to 10 mm,We: 10 to 30 mm,烘,烤位置的不同会有什么影响？,水平,垂直,0,4,8,12,16,20,0.1-0.3,Wa,0.3-1,Wb,1- 3,Wc,3-10,Wd,10-30,We, 0.1,du,0,20,40,60,80,100,DOI,BYK,horiz./vertical,CC film thickness,0,10,20,30,40,du 0.1,Wa 0.1-0.3,Wb 0.3-1,Wc 1-3,Wd 3-10,We 30-10,mm,16 ,m,24 ,m,30 ,m,50 ,m,双组分清漆,清漆层的厚度会有什么影响？,Trouble shooting tool,桔皮仪,DOI ,极佳的诊断工具,晦涩度（,du,）,太高:,清漆层可能太“混”: 由材料或者“太干”的喷涂引起的非常细小的表面结构,Wa,太高:,底材影响或者清漆喷涂“太干”,Wb,太高:,底材影响,Wc,太高,:,清漆层厚度不够,沙磨痕，底漆喷涂“太干”或漆雾颗粒太大 - 飞溅,到下辆车上,非常粗糙的底材,Wd,太高,:,清漆层厚度不够,非常粗糙的底材,工艺,参数影响外观,流动,雾,化状态,喷,枪/旋杯,- 距离,温度，,湿度,晾,干时间,成,膜,旋,杯速度和电压,溶剂挥发,助,剂,组,分比率,(双组分),如何使用结构波段曲线？,Bild: BASF Coatings,优化工艺和材料参数,How can we use .,起初：,波纹程度高,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,0.1,0.1-0.3,0.3-1.0,1-3,3-10,10-30,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,0.1,0.1-0.3,0.3-1.0,1-3,3-10,10-30,1.,优化面漆喷涂,1.,Step,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,0.1,0.1-0.3,0.3-1.0,1-3,3-10,10-30,1.,经过,优化的面漆喷涂,2.,沙,磨中涂层,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,0.1,0.1-0.3,0.3-1.0,1-3,3-10,10-30,2.,Step,2.,沙,磨中涂层,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,0.1,0.1-0.3,0.3-1.0,1-3,3-10,10-30,3.,经过,优化的中涂和面漆喷涂,0,10,20,30,40,50,60, 300,mm,最小样品尺寸: 25,x 40mm,可选扫描长度 5, 10, 20,cm,不移动仪器可实现,DOI,的测量,用于小面积和有曲率的部件,微型,桔皮仪,桔皮和,DOI,mws - fr kleine und gekrmmte Teile,结构波段:,du, Wa - Wd,长波和短波,DOI,用户定义的标尺:,Tension,Rating,QMS-Scales,微型,桔皮仪,10,20,30,du,Wa,Wb,Wc,Wd,与汽车工业控制外观的标准-桔皮仪,DOI,之间有很好的一致性,用于小面积和有曲率的部件,桔皮和,DOI,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,du,Wa,Wb,Wc,Wd,试验组: 质量从好到差,与桔皮仪,DOI,之间的一致性,与桔皮仪,DOI,之间的一致性,:,晦涩度（,du,）,R,2,= 0.9874,0.0,5.0,10.0,15.0,20.0,25.0,30.0,35.0,40.0,45.0,50.0,0.0,5.0,10.0,15.0,20.0,25.0,30.0,35.0,40.0,45.0,50.0,桔皮仪,DOI,微型际皮仪,-12%,+12%,4.0 /4.8,15.8 / 14.6,27.6 / 32.3,39.0 / 36.9,R,2,= 0.9705,0.0,10.0,20.0,30.0,40.0,50.0,60.0,0.0,10.0,20.0,30.0,40.0,50.0,60.0,桔皮仪,DOI,微型际皮仪,-12%,+12%,6.1 / 6.1,19.4 / 20.4,34.5 / 23.9,43.2 / 47.2,与桔皮仪,DOI,之间的一致性,:,W,a,与桔皮仪,DOI,之间的一致性,:,W,b,微型际皮仪,13.0 / 11.0,29.6 / 28.7,47.6 / 48.5,68.8 / 60.7,0.0,10.0,20.0,30.0,40.0,50.0,60.0,70.0,80.0,0.0,10.0,20.0,30.0,40.0,50.0,60.0,70.0,80.0,桔皮仪,DOI,-12%,+12%,R,2,= 0.9821,与桔皮仪,DOI,之间的一致性,:,W,c,7.1 / 6.9,43.3 / 43.9,22.8 / 20.1,67.0 / 71.2,0.0,10.0,20.0,30.0,40.0,50.0,60.0,70.0,80.0,0.0,10.0,20.0,30.0,40.0,50.0,60.0,70.0,80.0,桔皮仪,DOI,微型际皮仪,-12%,+12%,R,2,= 0.9924,与桔皮仪,DOI,之间的一致性,: W,d,44.7 / 52.1,35.5 / 33.5,R,2,= 0.9893,0.0,10.0,20.0,30.0,40.0,50.0,60.0,70.0,80.0,0.0,10.0,20.0,30.0,40.0,50.0,60.0,70.0,80.0,桔皮仪,DOI,微型际皮仪,-12%,+12%,21.5 / 21.8,8.2 / 8.7,mws - einfache Bedienung,使用方便，单手就能操作,转动滚轮选择功能,按操作按钮便能获得读数,大显示屏: 完整的统计结果,可选的储存区能储存2000个数据,对样品进行按字母顺序的命名便于识别,在仪器上可以选择所需要的测量标尺,微型,桔皮仪,用于小面积和有曲率的部件,桔皮和,DOI,mws - docking station,可用充电电池组或标准五号电池,安放底座：,-,对充电电池组充电,-,将数据传输到计算机,软件,auto-chart:,在,Excel,中作数据的专业化文件,微型,桔皮仪,用于小面积和有曲率的部件,桔皮和,DOI,用,auto-chart,高效地处理数据,在,Excel,中,的分析,和,日常的质保报告,供,您随时使用,明确,而有组织的查询可随意地选择数据,设置,编排档案规定取样（测量）的步骤,用,Access,数据库,管理大量的数据组,微型,桔皮仪,micro-wave-scan,在现场作不同型号车之间的比较,加装部件的涂装,工艺控制,整车质保中检查各部位间,的一致性,在小面积和具曲率的部件上解决问题的方法,使用,用户规定的标尺,对,现有工艺的日常品质管理,使用,结构波段曲线,对,材料和工艺进行分析和优化,桔,皮仪和微型桔皮仪：,不,仅仅是用于品质管理的仪器,