牛津高中英语模块三_unit1_全部课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Advance with English,By Luo Sha,罗莎,衡阳市二中，牛津高中英语模块三,Unit 1Wordlist 1, P67,hearing,: n. hear: v.,raised,: adj. raise: v. unit 2,p23,confuse,: v. confusing: adj. confused: adj.,fog,: n.,foggy,: adj.,conductor,: n. conduct: v.,(take a ),glance at,sth.,扫视,nowhere,：反义词,everywhere,：,adv.,到处,in sight,看得见, out of sight,看不见,narrow,: adj.,狭窄的,反义词,wide,Unit 1Wordlist 1, P67,wish for,: hope for,盼望,darkness,: n. dark: adj.,黑暗的；深色的,hesitate,: v. hesitation ,hezitein n.,犹豫,reach out,:,伸出手,reach into:,（把手）伸进,stare (up) at,:,（抬头）凝视,watch out for,：留心, look out for, be careful of,firmly,: adv. firm: adj.,be,grateful,to sb.,对某人表示感谢,helper,: n.,帮助者,help: v. n. helpful: adj,come to ones aid,: v. help sb.,帮助某人,Unit 1, welcome to the unit, P1The world of our senses,To talk about our senses and the importance of them,Five senses:,sight,视觉, hearing,听觉, taste,味觉,smell,嗅觉, touch,触觉,Unit 1welcome to the unit, P1,daily life,日常生活,sense,：, C .,感官，, U .,感觉,five senses,五官感觉,: sight,视觉, hearing,听觉, taste,味觉, smell,嗅觉, touch,触觉,blind blaind adj.,瞎的,Braille breil,盲文,hold ones nose,捏住鼻子,as well as usual,和往常一样,sign language,手势语,make achievements,做出成就,Sight,视觉,Sight,视觉,To discuss what would happen if we lost one or two our senses and think about how to live without one or two senses,海伦,凯勒,（,Helen Keller,1880,年,6,月,27,日,-1968,年,6,月,1,日,),出生之时原为健康的婴儿，但却在,19,个月大的时候患了急性脑炎，从此,失去了听觉和视觉,。然而，她仍然努力的保持着和外界的联系，运用自己的,手语,和家庭成员交流。,19,世纪美国盲聋女作家、教育家、,慈善家,、社会活动家。,她以自强不息的顽强毅力，在安妮。莎莉文老师的帮助下，,掌握了英、法、德等五国语言,。完成了她的一系列著作，并致力于为残疾人造福，,建立慈善机构,，被美国,时代周刊,评为,美国十大英雄偶像,，荣获“,总统自由勋章,”等奖项。主要著作有,假如给我三天光明,、,我的生活,、,我的老师,等。,Reading,P2-3,Reading Comprehension,Questions,Fast reading: P2, A,1. What is the story about?,2. Where did Polly live?,3. Who helped Polly?,Deep reading: P4,C 1,1. Why did Polly leave work early?,2. Why did Polly take the Underground to the Green Park?,3. What was the weather like outside the station?,4. According to the Line 33,what made Polly afraid?,Reading,P2outline,A plot,Main characters,A certain time period,A place,A problem to be solved,A climax or a surprise ending,Reading, P2Fog warning,left : (P2, L2) v.,离开 ，,leave,的过去式，,(P3,，,L43) adj.,左边的, turn left,左转,at lunch, at noon, at night, at weekend,step out into ,走出去到,wonder if/whether,想知道,能否,still: (P2, L5) adv.,仍然,(P2, L29) adj.,静止的，不动的,第一段从句：,（,L2,）,when,引导时间状语从句,（,L3,）,that,引导的宾语从句,（,L5,）,if,引导的宾语从句,Reading, P2No buses to king Street,once: (L7)conj.,一旦,(L42)adv.,曾经,bus stop,（,L7),公交车站,take the underground,（,L11),乘地铁,too to,（,L10),太,.,以致不能,. too,adj.,for sb. to do sth.,The boy is still too young to go to school.,小男孩还不到上学年龄。,it is too foggy for the bus to run that far.,（,L10),=the fog is so thick that the bus will not run that(=so) far.,第二,/,三段从句：,(L8) before,引导的时间状语从句,(10) The truth is that,事实是，老实说。引导的表语从句,Reading, P2A tall man,passenger,乘客,observe, watch, notice,的区别,at last (L15):,最后；终于,finally,rest: (L16) n.,剩余部分,(L51) v.,休息,(take a) glance at (L16),扫视,I took a glance at the book.,我飞快地浏览了一下这本书。,nowhere: adv.,到处都不, everywhere,：,adv.,到处,本段从句：,(L14) as,引导的时间状语从句，,that,同位语从句,(L16) while,引导的时间状语从句,Reading, P2Footsteps,entrance entrns n.,入口,thick ik adj.,厚的,lay: v.,躺；位于（,lie,的过去式）,in sight (L20),看得见,out of sight,看不见,Is there a taxi or a bus,in sight,.,看看是不是有公共汽车或出租车？,set off (L20) v.,出发,set out,by the time (L22),等到,到,的时候,rough rf adj.,粗糙的,brush br vi.,擦过；掠过,beat bi:t v.,跳动,;,打败,;,拍打,beat, beaten,with fear:,因为害怕,with: because of,Reading, P2,Footsteps,see , hear , feel (L25), watch , notice,等表示感觉的动词后，既可用,v - ing,构成复合宾语，也可用不带,to,的动词不定式构成复合宾语。两者之间有差别。用,v - ing ,表示动作正在进行，即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束；用不定式则表示动作发生了,.,类似的动词还有,observe , look at , listen to, smell, taste,等,Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.,昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。,(,强调,我看见了,这个事实,) Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.,（强调,我见他正干活,这个动作） 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。,Reading, P2The helpful stranger,wish for (L28): v. hope for,盼望,希望得到,I have nothing left to,wish for,.,我再也没什么想要的了。,come along (L28): v.,出现,still (L29) adj.,静止的，不动的,hold sb. still (L28),使某人一动不动,come out of the darkness (L29),从黑暗中传来,hesitate heziteit v.,犹豫,be lost (L31),迷路,reach out (L32),伸出,(,手,) reach into (,把手,),伸进,I,reach out,and gently caught it.,我伸出双手，轻轻地接住了它。,find oneself doing (L32),无意中发现自己在做某事,Reading, P2 The helpful stranger,stare (up) at (L33),抬头凝视,Its rude to,stare at,strangers.,盯着陌生人看是没有礼貌的。,watch out for (L38):,留心,注意,look out for,The police are,watching out for,the suspect.,警方正密切注意嫌疑犯的行动。,hit hit v.,碰撞,(hit, hit),once: (L7)conj.,一旦,(L42)adv.,曾经,cross: kr:s n.,十字架；交叉，十字,crossroads: n.,十字路口,left : (P2, L2) v.,离开, leave,的过去式，,(P3,，,L43) adj.,左边的, turn left,左转,feel frightened (L45),感到害怕,anxious nks adj.,焦虑的,担忧的,Reading, P2The grateful helper,firmly: adv.,牢牢地,坚定地,firm: adj.,be grateful to sb. (L48),对某人表示感激,Im grateful to his help.,我感激他对我的帮助。,Here we are.,我们到了,come to ones aid (L50):,来帮助某人,help sb.,in relief,如释重负,松了口气,rest: (L16) n.,剩余部分,(L51) v.,休息,for a while (L50) fr wil,一会儿,Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.,既然有空，我可以享受一下音乐。,Its very nice of you: Youre very nice.,be off (L52):,离开,I must be off soon.,我很快就得走了。,Reading, P2 The grateful helper,pay back (L54): v.,报答，偿还,I lent him some money last week but he forgot to pay back.,上周我借了一些钱给他，但他忘记归还。,get across:,v.,通过,渡过,get across the road (L55),过马路,except (L55): iksept prep.,除,之外,like: adj.,喜欢,(,反,)dislike prep.,像,(,反,)unlike,本段从句,that (L54):,引导的定语从句,when (L54):,引导的时间状语从句,Reading, P2-3,从句归纳 名词性从句,1. At lunch, the radio forecast,that,(L2),宾语从句,2. She wondered,if,the buses(L5),宾语从句,3. The truth is,that,it is too foggy(L10),表语从句,4. she had a feeling,that,she was(L14),同位语从句,5. Polly heard (,that,) it hit the step. (L38),宾语从句,Reading, P2-3,从句归纳 时间状语从句,1.,When,Polly left home that morning,(L1),2.,Once,(she was) out in the street,(L7),3.,As,Polly observe the passengers(L14),4.,While,the rest of passengers were(L16),5. When Polly got to the station(L19),6. As she walked alone the narrow(L21),本课时间状语从句的引导词：,when, once, as while,Reading, P2-3,从句归纳 定语从句,1chance to pay back the help,that,people give me(L54),It gives me the chance to pay back the,help,.,People give me the,help,.,Reading, P2-3Plot,Reading, P4-5,C 1: 1(L3), 2(L10), 3(L19), 6(L40),C 2:,2(L11),6(L36),5(L32), 9(L50), 3(L15),7(L43),4(L23),8(L49),1(L4),10(L53),D: 1-d, 2-c, 3-e, 4-f, 5-b, 6-a,E:,1.darkness 2.wherever 3.hesitate 4.anxious 5.approaching 6.aid 7.grasp 8.observe,F:,sixth sense,第六感,Reading, P5, E,since(L1),原因状语从句,if(L1),条件状语从句,because(L2),原因状语从句,where(L3),宾语从句,when(L7),宾语从句,because(L7),原因状语从句,when(L8),时间状语从句,that(L9),宾语从句,when(L10),时间状语从句,if(L11),宾语从句,when(L12),时间状语从句,if(L13),宾语从句,since(L14),原因状语从句,that(L15),宾语从句,that(L16),定语从句,Reading, P6 word powerparts of speech, part A,rest: (L16) n.,剩余部分,(L51) v.,休息,Well eat some of the bread and keep the,rest,for breakfast. n.,剩余部分,我们将吃一点面包，剩下的留到早饭时吃。,I always,rest,for an hour after dinner. v.,休息,晚饭后，我总要休息一小时。,once: (L7)conj.,一旦,(L42)adv.,曾经,Once,you begin, you must continue. conj.,一旦,一旦开始，你就得继续。,You look like a girl who,once,saved my life. adv.,曾经,你看起来就像是那个曾经救我一命的女孩。,Reading, P6 word powerparts of speech, part A,left : (P2, L2) v.,离开 ，,leave,的过去式,(P3,，,L43) adj.,左边的, turn left,左转,Do you know why John,left,our company? v.,离开,你知道约翰为什么离开我们公司吗？,Turn right, turn,left, But stay on the pavement. adj.,左边的,向右拐，向左拐，但是要停在人行道上。,still: (P2, L5) adv.,仍然,(P2, L29) adj.,静止的，不动的,In practice, we,still,need to study English hard. adv.,仍然,实际上，我们仍然需要努力学习英语。,The room was,still,at the end of the speech. adj.,静止的,演讲结束的时候，房间里寂静无声。,Reading, P6 word powerparts of speech, part B,1. cause vt.,引起,2. cause n.,原因,3. answer n.,回答；答案,4. answer v.,回答,5. increases v.,增加,6. increase n.,增加,Reading, P7 weather,sun: n. sunny: adj.,睛朗的,rain: n. rainy: adj.,下雨的，多雨的,cloud: n cloudy: adj.,多云的；阴天的,snow: n snowy: adj.,下雪的，多雪的,fog/mist foggy: adj.,有雾的,雾茫茫的,shower au n.,阵雨,thunder,nd n.,雷,vi.,打雷,lightening,laitni n.,闪电,v.,闪电,hurricane hrikn n.,飓风，暴风,snowstorm n.,暴风雪,雪暴,Reading, P7 weather,Part A,flood fld n.,洪水,by the way,顺便说说，顺便问一下,Heres your bus.,你等的公交车到了,Part B,weather forecast n.,天气预报,lunchtime lnttaim n.,午餐时间,early evening n.,傍晚,turn to v.,变成,midnight n.,午夜，半夜,12,点钟,1. sunny 2. cloudy 3. rain,4. thunder/lightening 5. storm,noun clause,名词性从句,在句子中起名词作用的句子,叫名词性从句,(Noun Clauses,）。 名词性从句的,功能相当于名词词组,它,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,引导名词性从句的连接词,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：,连词,（,5,个）,：,that,（宾语从句或表语从句中,that,有时可以省略）,whether,if,（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）,as if ,as though,（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）,以上在从句中均不充当任何成分,连接,代词,（,9,个）,：,what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever,连接副词,（,7,个）,：,when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however,His job,is important.,What he does,is important.,This is,his job,.,This is,what he does every day,.,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,表语,I don,t like,his job.,I don,t like,what he does every day,.,I don,t know about,the man, Mr. White.,I don,t know about,the fact that he is a teacher.,同位语,宾语,noun clause,名词性从句,一,.,主语从句,作句子主语的从句叫主语从句,。主语从句通常由,从属连词,that,，,whether,，,if,，,as if,和,because,等连接代词,what,，,who,，,which,，,whatever,，,whoever,，,whom,等以及连接副词,how,，,when,，,where,，,why,等词引导。,that,在句中无词义，只起连接作用,；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。,because,引导表语从句。注：,whom,、,who,指人，,what,指物，,whatever,，,whoever,表示泛指意义。,noun clause,名词性从句,一,.,主语从句,例如：,What he wants to tell us,is not clear.,他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。,Who will win the match,is still unknown.,谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。,It is known to us,how he became a writer.,我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。,Where the English evening will be held,has not yet been announced.,英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。,noun clause,名词性从句,一,.,主语从句,有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语,it,代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。,常用句型如下：,（,1,）,It + be +,名词,+ that,从句,（,2,）,It + be +,形容词,+ that,从句,（,3,）,It + be +,动词的过去,分词,+ that,从句,（,4,）,It +,不及物动词,+ that,从句,另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，,谓语动词要用,虚拟语气,“,(should) +do”,，常用的句型有：,It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that ,It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that,noun clause,名词性从句,一,.,主语从句,P8,1.,That,I can pay back the help people,give me makes me happy,（陈述句）,It makes me happy,that,I can pay back the help people give me.,2.,Whether,hell be able to come,is not yet known .,（一般疑问句）,It is not yet known,whether,hell be able to come.,3.,Why,they have not left yet,is not clear so far.,（特殊疑问句）,It is not clear so far,why,they have not left yet.,Its likely/possible/important/necessary/clear,that,很可能,/,重要的是,/,必要的是,/,很清楚,Its said/ reported that,据说,/,据报道,It seems/appears/happens that,显然、明显、碰巧,.,Its been announced/declared that,已经通知,/,宣布,Its no wonder that,并不奇怪,/,无疑,Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge,(,众所周知）,/ a common saying,（俗话说）,that,在下列句型中常使用,that,引导主语从句,noun clause,名词性从句二,.,宾语从句,名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句,。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及,非谓语动词,的宾语。,1.,由连接词,that,引导的宾语从句,由连接词,that,引导宾语从句时，,that,在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,，,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的,that,不可省,。例如：,He has told me,that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.,他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。,He told me,（,that,）,he would come,and,that,he would come on time.,noun clause,名词性从句二,.,宾语从句,P8,1. V.,作动词的宾语,She believed,that,he had not told her the truth.,I wonder,if/ whether,thats a good idea.,Polly didnt know,which,way she should go.,2. Preposition,介词，作介词的宾语,Im interested in,who,that tall man is.,There was a discussion about,whether,Polly had found the blind man.,noun clause,名词性从句二,.,宾语从句,P8,3. use it as a preparatory object,形式宾语,在,主,+,谓,+it(,形式宾语,)+,宾补,+that,从句,(,真正宾语,),的句型中,不省略,We all thought,it,good news,that,the fog had finally gone.,The conductor has made,it,clear,that,no buses will be running.,noun clause,名词性从句二,.,宾语从句,That,在宾语从句中的省略与保留,1.,由连接词,that,引导的宾语从句,由连接词,that,引导宾语从句时，,that,在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,，,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的,that,不可省,。例如：,He told me,（,that,）,he would come,and,that,he would come on time.,2. use it as a preparatory object,形式宾语,在,主,+,谓,+it(,形式宾语,)+,宾补,+that,从句,(,真正宾语,),的句型中,不省略,We all thought,it,good news,that,the fog had finally gone.,noun clause,名词性从句二,.,宾语从句,注意：在,demand,、,order,、,suggest,、,decide,、,insist, desire, request, command, doubt,等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（,should,）,+,动词原形”。,例如：,I insist,that she,(should) do,her work alone.,我坚持要她自己工作。,The commander ordered,that troops,(should) set,off at once.,司令员命令部队马上出发。,noun clause,名词性从句二,.,宾语从句,2.,用,who,，,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever,等,关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用,陈述语序,。例如：,I want to know,what he has told you.,我想知道他告诉了你什么。,She always thinks of,how she can work well.,她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。,She will give,whoever needs help a warm,support.,凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。,noun clause,名词性从句二,.,宾语从句,用,whether,或,if,引导的宾语从句,，,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，,仍保持,陈述句语序,。此外，,whether,与,if,在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用,whether,，不用,if,：,1,、 在动词不定式之前只能用,whether,。如：,I cant decide whether to stay.,我不能决定是否留下。,2,、 在,whether or not,的固定搭配中,。如：,I want to know whether its good news or not .,我想知道是否是好消息。,3,、在介词后，只能用,whether,。如：,His father is worried about whether he lose his work .,他的父亲担心 是否会失去工作。,免歧义,.,noun clause,名词性从句二,.,宾语从句,4.,引导表语从句,eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her,5,、宾语从句放在句首,表示强调时，,只能用,whether,。如：,Whether this is true or not, I really dont know.,这是否真的，我真的不知道。,6,、用,if,会引起歧义时，只用,whether,。如：,Could you tell me if you know the answer ?,这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”。如用,whether,可避,noun clause,名词性从句,三、表语从句,在复合句中，位于,系动词,之后作表语的从句叫表语从句,。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，,表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用,as if/ though,引导,。其,基本结构为：主语,+,系动词,+ that,从句,。例如：,The fact is,that we have lost the game.,事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。,Thats,just what I want.,这正是我想要的。,This is,where our problem lies.,这就是我们的问题所在。,That is,why he didnt come to the meeting.,那就是他为什么不到会的原因。,It,looks,as if it is going to rain.,看上去天要下雨了。,noun clause,名词性从句,三、表语从句,需要注意的，,当主语是,reason,时，表语从句要用,that,引导而不是,because,。例如：,The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .,【,注意,】,whether,可引导表语从句，但与之同义的,if,却通常不用于引导表语从句。,noun clause,名词性从句,四、同位语从句,同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由,that,引导,，可用于同位语从句的名词有,advice,、,demand,、,doubt,、,fact,、,hope,、,idea,、,information,、,message,、,news,、,order,、,problem,、,promise,、,question,、,request,、,suggestion,、,truth,、,wish,、,word,等。例如：,The,news,that we won the game,is exciting,.,我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。,I have no,idea,when he will come back home.,我不知道他什么时候回来。,The,thought,came to him,that Mary had probably fallen ill.,他想到可能玛丽生病了。,He gave me,a suggestion,that I ( should ),be,calm now.,名词,demand, suggestion, proposal, advice,等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为,should + do, should,可省略,noun clause,名词性从句,四、同位语从句,同位语从句和,定语从句,的区别：,定语从句是先行词的修饰语。,that,作为关系代词，可以,引导定语从句,，充当句子成分，,在从句中作宾语时可以省略,；,同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。,that,引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，,没有实际意义，,不充当句子成分，,一般,不能省略,。,试比较下面两个例句,:,I had no,idea,that you were here,（,that,引导同位语从句，不能省略）,noun clause,名词性从句,四、定语从句,定语从句（,Attributive Clauses,）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即,先行词,。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（,关系代词,或关系,副词,）引出。,定语用来,限定,、修饰名词或代词，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词表示的）汉语中常用“,的”表示。,that,可省略的情况：,that,不可省略的情况：,1.,主语从句（,也包括形式主语表语从句）,2.,表语从句,3.,同位语从句,4.,用,it,做形式宾语的宾语从句,5.,并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词,that,不能省略,引导词,that,的省略,单个宾语从句中的,that,可省略,Grammar and usage, P9Pleasant smells reduce pain?,(L1) reduce pain,减少疼痛,(L5) breath in,吸进,(L11) sniff pleasant smell,闻香味,(L13) no longer,不再,(L13) tolerate the pain,忍受疼痛,(L14) be related to (doing) sth.,与,相关,(L15) be curious about sth.,对,好奇,(L23) be linked to (doing) sth.,与,相联系,(L24) used to do sth.,过去常常做某事,Grammar and usage, P9Pleasant smells reduce pain?,reduce: v.,减少，降低，减缓,【,反义词,】 increase v.,增加,reduce pain/ costs/ speed:,减轻痛苦、降低价格、减慢速度,volunteer: n.,志愿者,v.,志愿做，自愿做,volunteer to do sth.,志愿做某事,Many volunteers volunteered to help the old in their town.,许多志愿者自愿帮助镇上的老人。,voluntary: adj.,志愿的,voluntarily: adv.,志愿地,Grammar and usage, P9Pleasant smells reduce pain?,recognize: vt.,认出,I could hardly recognize her at first sight.,我第一眼几乎不能认出她。,puzzle: n.,迷，疑问,vt. sth puzzle sb.,某物令某人迷惑,puzzled: adj.,感到迷惑的（人作主语,puzzling: adj.,令人迷惑的（物作主语,Grammar and usage, P9Pleasant smells reduce pain?,that (L1),同位语从句,The possibility,that,pleasant smells might reduce pain,while (L5),时间状语从句,while,breathing in different smells.,since(L6),原因状语从句,Since,it is believed that strong smells can affect the senses,that(L6),主语从句,( it,是形式主语）,it is believed,that,strong smells can affect the senses,until(L13),时间状语从句,until,they could no longer tolerate the pain.,whether(L14),宾语从句,(,作介词,in,的宾语）,interested in,whether,the sense of smell is related to pain.,Grammar and usage, P9Pleasant smells reduce pain?,whether(L15),宾语从句,(,作介词,about,的宾语）, curious about,whether,it is the same for both sexes.,that(L16,、,18,、,20),宾语从句 （作动词宾语）,has proved,that,for women, pleasant smells reduce pain.,(L16),He says,that,scientists have already collected data from 40 volunteers.,(L18),（作动词宾语）,He adds,that,this year, scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position to analyse the results.,(L20),Grammar and usage, P9Pleasant smells reduce pain?,that(L22),表语从句,is,that,women s sense of smell is and the smell of babies.,that(L24),宾语从句 （作动词宾语）,believe,that,mothers recognize their children by sight only.,that(L26),宾语从句 （作动词宾语）,convinced,that,the sense of smell also helps.,why(L27),主语从句,why,pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men,remains a puzzle for scientists,名词性从句, P10,1.(1),当名词性从句是陈述句时，由,that,引导,The radio announced,that,the mist would become a thick fog. (,宾语从句,),1.(2),当名词性从句是作主语时,(,主语从句,), that,不能省略,That,we couldnt find our way out,was really bad news.,That,a man came to show her the way,made her happy.,名词性从句, P10,1.(3),当名词性从句作宾语或表语时,(,宾语从句、表语从句,),非正式英语中,that,可省略,She wished,(that),someone would come along to help her.,(,宾语从句,),come along: v.,出现,The truth is,(that),the buses will not be running.,(,表语从句,),名词性从句, P10,2. (1),当名词性从句是一般疑问句时，用,if/ whether,引导，改为,:,陈述语序,She wondered.,Would,the buses still be running,?,She wondered,if/ whether,the buses,would,still be running,.,(,宾语从句,),2. (2),当名词性从句在介词后,(,介词后的宾语从句,),只用,whether,引导,She is not certain about,whether,she has done anything wrong.,be certain about sth.,确信,肯定,名词性从句, P10,2. (3),当名词性从句是一般疑问句作主语置于句首时,(,主语从句,),只用,whether,引导,Whether,it is going to clear up,keeps me wondering.,clear up: v.,放晴,2. (4) whetheror not,连在一起引导宾语从句时,不用,if.,I want to know,whether,or not the train goes to King Street.,No one knows,whether,or not the fog will clear up this afternoon.,名词性从句, P10,3.,当一个动词后有两个名词性从句作宾语时,(,宾语从句,),第二个名词性从句前的,that,if/ whether,不能省略,He said,(that),he liked rain very much and,that,he wouldnt use an umbrella,when it was raining.,No one knows,whether/ if,it will be fine tomorrow and,whether/ if,he will come to work.,a.,主语从句,b.,表语从句,c.,同位语从句,e.,介词后的宾语从句,f. whether to do,做动词宾语不能用,if to do.g whether,or