人体解剖学自主神经系统autonomic nervous system

Click to Add Title,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*, , , , , , ,*, , , , , , ,*, , , , , , ,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Click to Add Title,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*, , , , , , ,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*, , , , , , ,*, , , , , , ,*, , , , , , ,*, , , , , , ,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,人体解剖学自主神经系统autonomic nervous system,Autonomic (Visceral) nerve,to be concerned with the innervation and control of,visceral organs, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles,and gland,.,Function:,homeostasis of the internal environment.,This is achieved by regulation of cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory, and thermoregulatory mechanisms.,Autonomic (Visceral) nerve,1.sensory nerve,2.motor nerve,sympathetic division,parasympathetic division,most of the structures are innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve. One is excitatory and other inhibitory.,Autonomic (Visceral) nerve,Autonomic efferent neurons -,the most remarkable feature,There are sequence of,two,neurons between the CNS and the innervated structure,The cell body of the first neuron is located in spinal cord or brainstem,The cell body of the second neuron,are located in ganglia of sympathetic trunk(chain) or coeliac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglions or parasympathetic ganglions.,the second neuron,two neurons between the CNS and the innervated structures,Preganglionic and postganglionic fibers,The fiber of the first neurone is referred to as the preganglionic fiber,The fiber of the second neurone is referred to as the postganglionic fiber,Preganglionic & postganglionic fibers,Sympathetic division,Preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located in the thoracic 112 and upper two or three lumbar segments of spinal cord.,Preganglionic sympathetic neurones lie in the,lateral horn T1 12 ,L13 base of anterior horn,of spinal cord,Sympathetic division,The sympathetic ganglia lie in the sympathetic chain of ganglia, or in the coeliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric ganglia.,The postganglionic fibers extends from the peripheral ganglia to the effector organs,Sympathetic trunk of thorax,Sympathetic trunk of neck,Sympathetic trunk of lumbar and sacral,The preganglionic fibers innervating the eye, lacrimal gland, mucous membranes of nose,palate,parotid gland, submandibular and sublingual gland terminate in synaptic contact with the postganglionic bodies in the sympathetic trunk of neck.,The postganglionic fibers run around the arteries ,then distribute to the gland,smooth muscles of the eye,Sphincter pupil of the eye-parasympathetic n.,Dilator pupil of the eye- sympathetic n.,Lacrimal gland,The preganglionic fibers innervating the heart terminate in synaptic contact with the postganglionic bodies in the,sympathetic trunk of the neck,.,The postganglionic fibers(superior,middle,and inferior cardiac branches ) travel to,cardiac plexuses,heart and its vascular vessles,pulmonary plexuses-,- lungs.,cardiac plexuses,The preganglionic fibers innervating the viscera organs in the abdominal and pelvic cavities pass uninterrupted through sympathetic trunk and travel to,coeliac, superior mesenteric,and inferior mesenteric ganglions,.,They synaptic,contact with the postganglionic bodies in the ganglia above mentioned .The postganglionic fibers travel to CA,SMA,IMA, then distribute,to the the viscera organs,in the abdominal and pelvic cavities,coeliac, superior mesenateric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia,sympathetic trunk in the abdomen and pelvis,coeliac, superior mesenteric,and inferior mesenteric ganglia.,The adrenal medulla is an exceptional organ in that it is directly innervated by preganglionic sympathetic neurones,Parasympathetic division,The bodies of the first neurons of parasympathetic division,lie in the nucleus of the brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord,The preganglionic fibers extend from the nucleus of the brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord to the peripheral ganglia,The bodies of the second neurons of parasympathetic division,Lie in the peripheral ganglia.,The parasympathetic cranial division lie beside the organs which it is innervated.,The parasympathetic sacral division lie within the organs which it is innervated.,The postganglionic fibers extends from the peripheral ganglia to the effector organs,Parasympathetic cranial division,Preganglionic parasympathetic neurones are located in the brain stem and sacral spinal,Cord (S24),Within brain stem,Cell bodies lie in cranial nerve nuclei associated with the,oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve.,Sphincter pupil of the eye,Dilator pupil of the eye,Parasympathetic fibers in the facial nerve,Parasympathetic fibers in the glossophryngeal N,Parasympathetic fibers in the vagus nerve,Parasympathetic fibers in the sacral division,Originates in the base of the,anterior horn cells of the second, third, and fourth sacral segments,.,Axons of these sacral neurons constituting the prepanglionic fibers (or sacral nerve), traverse the walls of the,descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectus, bladder, and other pelvic visceral organs,and terminate in synapse in the ganglion in the wall.,The postganglionic distribute to the organs mentioned.,Parasympathetic fibers in the sacral division,The,hypothalamus,is the subcortex central of autonomic (Visceral) nerve,The limbic is the cortex central of,autonomic (Visceral) nerve,Thank You !,不尽之处，恳请指正！,