核磁共振波谱氢谱(研

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,有机波谱解析,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,|,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,|,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,|,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,|,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,|,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,|,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,|,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,|,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,|,*,4. 2,核磁共振氢谱,(,1,H-NMR),4.2.1,化学位移及其影响因素,4.2.2,各类质子的化学位移,4.2.3,自旋,-,自旋偶合与偶合裂分,4.2.4,自旋系统与图谱分类,4.2.5,氢谱解析,目 录,有机波谱解析,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,2,质子的化学位移主要取决于官能团的性质，并受到邻近基团的影响，因此各类质子的化学位移有一定的范围。,4.2.2,各类质子的化学位移,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,|,3,各类质子的化学位移,有机波谱解析,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,4,小 结,1,常见质子化学位移范围,简单饱和烃类化合物质子的,值在,0.52,，相邻有电,负性原子,(,杂原子,),或基团的饱和碳上的氢,值在,24.5,炔氢,值在,23,烯烃氢的,值在,4.56.5,芳环上质子的,值在,68,醛氢,值在,910,；羧基质子,值在,1013,；,烯醇质子,值在,910,有机波谱解析,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,5,（,1,）饱和碳上质子,的化学位移,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,|,6,亚甲基,X-CH,2,-Y,的化学位移可以用,Shoolery,经验公式计算,计算,：,Ph-CH,2,-OCH,3,中亚甲基的化学位移,计算,：,CH2,=0.23+1.85+2.36=4.44ppm,（实测值,4.41ppm,）,有机波谱解析,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,7,烯氢的化学位移可用,Tobey,和,Simon,等提出的经验公式计算：, = 5.25 + R,同,+ R,顺,+ R,反,（,2,）烯烃上质子,的化学位移,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,|,8,HA,= 5.25+0.69+0.37+0=6.31 (,实测值,6.46),HB,= 5.25+1.35+0.97+0=7.57 (,实测值,7.83),9,有机波谱解析,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,9,（,3,）炔烃质子的化学位移,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,|,10,炔氢化学位移范围：,1.6-3.4 ppm,（,4,）芳环质子,的,化学位移,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,|,11, = 7.26 + Zo + Zm + Zp,芳环质子的化学位移可按下式计算：,H2,= 7.26 + (-0.20) + (-0.56) +0.00+ 0.13+0.22=6.85(,实测值,7.00,）,H4,= 7.26 + (-0.20) + 0.47 +0.00+ 0.13+,（,-0.45,）,=7.21(,实测值,7.50,）,H5,= 7.26 + (,-0.48,) + 0.47 +,0.00,+ 0.13+,（,-0.45,）,=6.93(,实测值,7.30,）,H4,= 7.26 + (-0.56) +,（,-,0.48,）,+0.00+ 0.13+,0.22,=6.57(,实测值,6.60,）,12,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,|,12,稠环芳烃因参与环流的,电子数目增加，去屏蔽效应增强，其芳氢的化学位移,值比苯大一些。,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,|,13,（,5,）芳杂环质子的化学位移,杂环芳氢的化学位移值与芳氢类似，但受溶剂的影响较大。通常在杂原子,位的芳氢,值在较低场,14,有机波谱解析,|,核磁共振波谱,|,氢谱,14,（,6,）活泼氢的化学位移,值不固定，在较宽的范围内变化,。,通常，酰胺类、羧酸类缔合峰为宽峰，有时隐藏在基线里，可用积分的办法判断其存在，醇、酚类的峰形较钝，氨基、硫醇的峰形较尖。,15,（,7,）氘代溶剂残余质子及残余溶剂的化学位移,16,为了避免溶剂中的氢对,NMR,测试产生影响，实验一般都是在氘代溶剂中进行。,但是氘代并不是,100%,，因此溶剂分子中未被氘代的质子信号也会在图谱中出现。这需要我们在进行结构解析时把溶剂峰从测试样品的信号中剔除。,16,17,17,SEE YOU SOON!,THANKS,FOR COMING,