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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,2018/11/12,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,七年级上册英语语法,第十三中学英语组,我,(I),用,am,你,(you),用,are,,,is,跟着他,(he),,她,(she),,它,(it),。单数名词用,is,,复数名词全用,are,。变否定,更容易,,be,后,not,加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。,1,动词,be,(,is,am,are,)的用法,(,1)this,和,that,是指示代词,,it,是人称代词,。,(,2),距离说话人近的人或物用,this,距离说话人远的人或物用,that,。如:,This is a flower.,这是一朵花。,(,近处,)That is a tree.,那是一棵树。,(,远处,),(,3),放在一起的两样东西,先说,this,后说,that,。如:,This is a pen. That is a pencil.,这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔,。,(,4),向别人介绍某人时说,This is,不说,That is,。如:,This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.,这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆,。,(,5)This is,不能缩写,而,That is,可以缩写。如:,This is a bike. Thats a car.,这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车,。,(,6),打电话时,介绍自己用,this,询问对方用,that,。如:,Hello! Is that Miss Green?,喂,是格林小姐吗?,Yes, this is. Whos that?,是的,我是,你是谁?注意:虽然汉语中使用,“,我,”,和,“,你,”,,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:,I am, Are you,?,/Who are you?,(,7),在回答,this,或,that,作主语的疑问句时,要用,it,代替,this,或,that,。如:,Is this a notebook?,这是笔记本吗?,Yes, it is.,是的,它是。,Whats that?,那是什么?,Its a kite.,是只风筝。,2,this,,,that,和,it,用法,this, that, these,和,those,是指示代词,,these,是,this,的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事,;those,是,that,的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物,。,This is my bed. That is Lilys bed.,这是我的床。那是莉莉的床,。,These pictures are good.,那些画很好,。,Are those apple trees?,那些是苹果树吗?,在回答主语是,these,或,those,的疑问句时,通常用,they,代替,these,或,those,以避免重复。如,:,Are these/those your apples?,这些,(,那些,),是你的苹果吗?,Yes, they are.,是的,他们是。,3,these,和,those,用法,单数,名词后直接加,“ s ”,:,Jims,coat,吉姆的外套,Jeffs mother,杰夫的,妈妈,以,s,结尾的复数名词,只加,“”,Teachers, Day,教师节,the twins books,双胞胎的,书,不,以,s,结尾的不规则的名词复数,加,“ s,”,Childrens,Day,儿童节,mens shoes,男式,鞋,表示,两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加,s,Lucy,and Lilys mother,露茜和莉莉的妈妈,(,共同的妈妈,一个妈妈,),表示,两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加,s,Lucys and Kates rooms,露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子),4,名词,s,所有格,(,1)There be,句型主要用以表达,“,某处(某时)有某人(某物)。,”,其基本结构为,“There be,某物(某人)某地(某时),”,其中,there,是引导词,没有词义;主语是,be,后面的名词,,be,是谓语动词,在一般现在时中,be,只用,is,和,are,两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记,there be,句型结构:,There be,放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。如:,There is a book on the desk.,有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:,On the desk there is a book.,(2)There be,句型中的,be,动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:,Be,动词,有三个,,am,,,is,还有,are,。,“There be”,真特别,不留,am,只留俩,那就是,is,还有,are,。要用,is,还是,are,,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用,is,,否则就用,are,。如:,There is a tree behind the house.,There is some water,(水),in the bottle,(瓶子),.,There are some pears in the box.(,3),注意:如果,“be”,后的主语是由,and,连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么,be,的形式要遵循,“,远亲不如近邻,”,的原则。也就是说,,“be”,的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用,is,,是复数就用,are,。如:,There is a book and some pens on the floor.,There are some pens and a book on the floor.,5,There be,句型,like,用作及物动词,译为,“,喜欢,”,。,(,1),后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如:,I like the baby very much.,我非常喜欢这个小孩,。,(,2),后接动名词,(v. -ing),,表示,“,喜欢做某事,”,,着重于习惯、爱好。如:,Tom likes playing football.,汤姆喜欢踢足球,。,(,3),后接动词不定式,(to do ),,表示,“,偶尔地喜欢做某事,”,,着重于某次具体的行为。如:,I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening.,我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。,6,like,一词的用法,(,1),主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即,Iwe, youyou,,,she,he,it they,。,如:,She is a girl. They are girls,.,(,2)am,,,is,要变为,are,。,如:,Im a student. We are students,.,(,3),不定冠词,a,,,an,要去掉。,如:,He is a boy. They are boys,.,(,4),普通单数名词要变为复数形式。,如:,It is an apple. They are apples,.,(,5),指示代词,this,,,that,要变为,these,,,those,。如:,This is a box. These are boxes.,7,句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素,英语,中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。用英语表示日期,其顺序为月,+,日,+,年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如:,August 2nd,,,2003(2003,年,8,月,2,日,),。也可以用日,+,月,+,年来表示。如:,10th May,,,2003(2003,年,5,月,10,日,),英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词,in,,若具体到某一天,则需用介词,on,。,8,英语日期的表示法,(,1),直读式,即直接读出时间数字,7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight,sixteen,(,2),过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以,30,分为分界线),1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to,five,(,3)12,小时制,6:00 a.m.,上午,6,点,8:20 p.m.,下午,8,点,20,分,(,4)24,小时制,13:00 13,点钟,22:15 22,点,15,分,(,5)15,分可用,quarter,4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to,six,(,6),时间前通常用,at.,at 5 oclock at 7:30 p.m.,9.,时间的表达法,(,1),想干什么用,want to do sth,They want to join the sports club.,他们想加入运动俱乐部,。,(,2),第三人称单数作主语,,want,要作,变化,He wants to play basketball,.,Li Xia wants to play the piano,.,(,3),变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词,do,或,does,.,Do you want to play soccer ball ?,Yes , I do . / No , I dont,.,Does he want to go home by bus ?,Yes , he does . / No , he doesnt,10. want,用法,
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