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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,动词的时态和语态,钟成韵,英语动词共有,16,种时态，最基本常用的有：,现在：,过去：,将来：,一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时，现在完成进行时,一般过去时，过去完成时，过去进行时，（过去完成进行时）,一般将来时，将来完成时，将来进行时，（将来完成进行时）,一般现在时：,1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在 的状态、特征、能力、客观存在或真 理。句中常用always, often, usually, sometimes, every day 等时间状语,Tom goes to work every day.,（经常的动作）,The machine runs smoothly.,(特征),He is very happy.,(现在的状态),The earth moves around the sun.,(客观真理),一般现在时态的特殊用法：,1. 在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在 时态表示将来的动作。,Ill go to see you when I have time.Ill go to see you if I have time tomorrow.,2. 某些动词，如：stand, continue, wish, love, like, hate, feel, find, think等常用一般现在时态,He loves nature.I wish to be back soon.,现在完成时态：,2. 表示过去某一动作对现在造成的影响,谓 语动词常为非延续性的动词。,1. 表示从过去某一时间一直延续到现在的 动作或状态，常用延续性的动词。,I have sat hours in the classroom reading a novel.The weather has been cold so far this winter.,Have you ever considered moving to the south?I have locked the door.,现在进行时态：,1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。,Are the students dancing? Look, some swans are flying past!,2. 表示目前这段时间正在发生的动作。,He is writing his new novel these days. Those Americans are learning Chinese in Beijing.,现在完成进行时态：have / has been doing,1. 表示发生在过去，一直持续到现在的 动作，强调动作的连续不停顿。,Tom has been working hard since the new term began.Where have you been living these years?,2. 表示不久前刚结束的动作。,Sorry, Im late. How long have you been waiting here?,补充说明：下列动词没有进行时态：,1. 表示状态的动词：,seem, look(看起 来),appear, have(有)，belong to， own, hold(容纳),This book belongs to me.He appears very angry.,2. 表示知道、信念、理解、知识、推测、 怀疑、希望等含义的动词，如：,know, forget, remember, understand, see，think，believe, hope, doubt,等,I dont understand why he did it.I hope I can pass the exam.,一般过去时态：,1. 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态 或过去反复发生的动作。常与表示过去 的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week ,during the night,He suddenly fell ill yesterday.He worked in a factory in 2004.,2. 表示过去经常做的动作,When I was in the countryside, I often had a long walk after supper.,过去完成时态：,I had studied in Beijing for three years by then.Until then he had known nothing about it.She had only been here for ten minutes when Jim came in.,在时间含义上是“过去的过去”，因此句子中一般都有一个一个明确的状语或状与从句来表示过去的时间。,几种常见时态的区别：,一般现在时态和一般过去时态：,1,He keeps doing morning exercise to keep fit.He felt cold so he sat closer to the fire.,2,一般过去时态和现在完成时态：,He opened the door.He has opened the door.,现在完成时态和过去完成时态：,3,He has lived here since he came here.,He had lived here before he went abroad.,一般将来时,(will, shall),1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常 与表示将来的时间状语连用，如 tomorrow, next week, in a few days, next Sunday,We will have a dictation tomorrow.He will be back in a few days.,2. 表示一种倾向或一种固有特性或经常发 生的动作。 意为“惯于，总是”,When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.,Will you / Shall we ( I ) do sth. 请你/ 让我们做某事，好吗？,Will you please open the door?,Shall we go now?,一般将来时的其它形式：,2. be to + 动词原形 : 表示按计划将要发生 的事，或征求对方意见,We are to take the exam next week.Are we to go on with this work?,1. be going to + 动词原形：多用于口语 中，表示即将发生的事或近期最近打算 进行的事,Its going to snow.The children are going to have a party today.,3.现在进行时态：表示按计划即将发生的动 作，多于表示以东的动词（,come, go, arrive, leave ,）连用,He is leaving for London tomorrow.Christmas is drawing near.,动词的语态：,主动语态：,主语是动作的执行者,被动语态：,主语是动作的承受者,各种时态中被动语态的结构：,一般现在时态：一般过去时态：一般将来时态：进行时态：完成时态：含有情态动词的被动语态：,am /is/are + 过去分词,was / were + 过去分词,will/shall be +过去分词,be being + 过去分词,have/has/had been + 过去分词,情态动词 + be + 过去分词,We are told that there will be a meeting this afternoon.I was invited to concert.The matter will be looked into as soon as possible.The house is being repaired.The new bridge has been built.These books must be returned in three days.,下列情况下常用被动语态：,不知道动作的执行者：,Printing was introduced into Europe from China.,没有必要指明动作的执行者：,I was not born in this city.,要强调动作的执行者时：,The window was broken by the boy who lives next door.,当动作的执行者不是人时：,We were shocked by the news of his death.,使用被动语态时应注意的重点：,1. 只有及物动词才有被动语态,He was surprised by the news. He was come.,2. 除了含双宾语的动词外，一般动词 的被动语态行时不带宾语。,They will be given more time to finish the work.The novel was written by Dickens.,练 习,用所给动词的正确形式填空：1. She _ (leave) the office two hours ago.2. As son as she arrived home, the girl discovered that she _ (take) her friends book by mistake.3. Who _ (come) to school earliest in your class every morning?4. Great changes _ (take place) in this city since 1979.5. By the time he was twelve, Edison _ (begin) to sell newspapers.,left,had taken,comes,have taken place,had begun,6. He usually listens to the radio, but now he _ (watch) TV.7. By the end of this century, we _ _ (build) our country into a strong modern one.8. The man _ (hope) to catch the last train, but he was too late.9. The boys _ (play) basketball from 5:00 to 6:00 yesterday.10. - Have you seen that wonderful film? - No, I _ (see) it next Monday.,will see,were playing,had hoped,had,built,is watching,11. As she _ (read) the newspaper, Granny fell asleep.12. I dont think Jim saw me; he _ _ (stare) into space then.13. Shirley _ (write) a book about China last year, but I dont know whether she has finished it.14. Visitors _ (ask) not to touch the things on the shelf.15. The problems _ (discuss) now.,was reading,was,staring,was writing,are asked,are being discussed,2. 完成下列句子：,1. By the end of last year, _ _ (她在这间小屋里住了10年)。2. We _ (在看电视)at eight yesterday evening.3. - How often did he go there? - He usually _ (一星期去那里两次).4. I _(弄丢了我的钢笔), I have to use a pencil.,she had been,living in this house for 10 years,were watching TV,went there twice a week,have lost my pen,5. Mr. Smith _ (2：00就来了)。6. Mr. Johnson _ _(一直教了五十年化学) ever since he graduated from university.7. Mr. Johnson _ _(一直教了五十年化学) until he retired.8. I _ (更努力地学习) to catch up with my classmates.,has been here since 2:00.,has taught chemistry,for 50 years,had taught chemistry,for 50 years,will study harder,
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