Lecture Five Media and Education in the UK---lhy

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Lecture Five British,Education,System and Media,Education,in,the UK,Focal Questions,What are the purposes of the British education system? Please comment on these purposes.,What do you think are among the most outstanding changes in the English education system since the 19th century?,Is university life in Britain different from that in China? If so, in which aspects?,What is the Open University in Britain? What do you think of this system?,Contents,Introduction,History,Present education system,H,igher education,Introduction (P 102-3),1. the three “ Rs ”,2. purpose of the British,Education,*, to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society ;, to socialise children, teaching them rules and values needed to become good citizens;, to participate in the community, and to contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy.,History,(P104),1.,the form of British education in the past,2. the British education system is run by the state today,3. Some changes to the British education,system*,Some changes to the British education,system: (P104),*before,1870, education was voluntary and many of the existing schools had been set up by churches,*only,40% of children aged 10 went to,school regularly,(1) some caused by the,Industrial Revolution,government decided to become involved in taking responsibility for the education of children,*in,1870,the government passed a law which called for government-funded education,*by,1880, the attendance at school for children between 5 and 10 was compulsory rather than voluntary,(2),Some caused by WWII,the government began planning to reconstruct the education system,1944,Education Act,*,stipulates,that all children were given the right to free secondary,education,(failed),in,the,1960s, comprehensive,schools,were,introduced into Britain,ended the division between grammar schools and vocational schools,entrance exams were abolished,the,Education Reform Act 1988,provided for the establishment of a,National,Curriculum,*,(P106),for 5-16 year-olds and,regular examinations,brought a big change,(reintroduced competition between schools),The,Present Education System,1. Education in the UK is compulsory,(from the ages of 5 to 16),2. State schools and private schools*,3. The schooling stages*,Diagram of UK,School,System,State schools and private schools,state schools,:,funded by local and central government (free),*a system of “league tables” (P106),private schools,(,public schools,):,receive their funding through the private sector, tuition rates and government assistance,There are nine famous public schools:,Winchester,Eton, St. Pauls, Shrewsbury, Westminister,Merchant Taylors,Rugby,Harrow,and Charterhouse.,Eton College is located in the town Eton which is an urban district of southeast-central England on the Thames River,Eton is a public school for,boys,aged 13-18. Almost all the pupils go on to study A levels, 90% will go on to university, a quarter to Oxford and Cambridge. The pupil/teacher ration is 9.5 to one, while in state secondary school the ratio is 20 to one.,School yard,The facilities include purpose-built theatres, libraries, swimming pools, even a golf course.,Eton the most famous school in the world, Britains biggest boarding school and educator of its social elite since 1440.,So far the school has educated,20 Prime Ministers,and,six Chancellors of Exchequer,. Its literary figures include,Henry Fielding, Percy Bysshe,Shelley,George Orwell,.,It was founded in 1440 by King,Henry VI,. In the past, almost all the students coming from upper class families.,Now sons of accountants, doctors or businessmen also have access to it.,(1)up to age 5, pre-primary schooling,(2)from the age of 5-,11, primary schools,exam “the 11- plus” (co-educational/mixed),(3),a,ge of 11-19 secondary schools,(comprehensive/grammar),age of 16 GCSE exams (some choices),age of 18 or 19 A-levels exams,(after 2 years in the Sixth Form),go to university / if not, take vocational training (GNVQs) P108,The schooling stages,The General Certificate of Secondary Education,is taken,at the,end of compulsory education at the age of 16. All the,students,are required to take it.The results often help,the students,and their parents to,make,a choice whether,they will,go to college or,not.,GCSE,GNVQs,General National Vocational Qualifications,GCE A level,About 70% of 16 year old pupils choose to continue in full-time education. Some students continue in the same school for a further two years of study in the sixth form. After two-year study, three or four subjects are taken in the examination of the,General Certificate of,Education-,Advanced level,(GCE A,level).,The grades obtained in GCE A level are the main basis whether the students can go to college or,not.,Higher Education and Training in the UK,1.,Introduction,2.,Degrees,*,3.,Leading universities,*,4.,Open university and further education,*,Institutions,of Higher,EducationUniversities,University,graduates & British,political,leadership:,Oxbridge,graduates,Thatcher, Blair, from Oxford; 2/3 of Blairs cabinet,members,Individuals still,feel,positive about education,Degrees,awarded,Bachelor of Arts,(,BA,) or,Bachelor of Science,(,BSc,) after three years of full-time study.,Master of Arts,(,MA,) or,Master of Science,(,MSc,) after a further one year full-time or two year part-time study.,Doctor of Philosophy,(,PhD,) after at least three years of original research.,Leading universities,in UK,The Guardian University Guide, 2003,Rank,University,1,University of Cambridge,2,University of Oxford,3,London School of Economics,4,School of Oriental and African Studies,5,University College, London,6,The University of York,7,Imperial College, London,8,University of Nottingham,9,University of Warwick,10,Kings College, London,Cambridge University, Cambridge, east-central England,Oxford,University, Oxford, northwest of London,Oxford,University, with,its famed,“dreaming,spires” was,founded in the 12th,century,and still,dominates,the center of,Oxford,.,Museum of Natural History, Oxford,University,Oxbridge,Boat,Race,The,Boat Race,is a,rowing,race between the rowing clubs of the,University of Oxford,and the,University of Cambridge,. It is rowed annually each Spring on the,River Thames,in,London,England,.,The first race was in 1829 and it has been held annually since 1856 with the exception of the two,world wars,.,Choir, Clare College,Pubbing,Soccer,Open university and further education,The open university,is a non-residential university offering degree and other courses for adult students of all ages. They offer degrees which are the same as those of other universities.,Further education,is often taken part-time or in the evening. Further education colleges have strong links with industry and commerce, employers often being involved in the design of the courses.,References,http:/www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1003,http,:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar_school,http,:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_school,Media,Introduction,British Newspapers,The Broadcast Media,Contents,Division of,M,edia,Introduction,1.,the degree of popularity of the media,1st,: TV,2nd,: newspaper,3rd,:,radio,the media are,central,to British,leisure,culture.,2. the functions of the media,entertainment; provide information about political and social issues; weather reports; carry advertising; education; provide a forum for people to write letters or phone in to express their views or seek advice; engendering a national culture,British Newspapers,The UK has one of the worlds oldest established newspaper industries.,Q: When and why did more and more newspapers begin to,appear? P 131,Q: What is the relationship between the British press and politics, business and peoples lives?,British newspaper culture is,unusual. (P132-33),social class & educational differences,Britain has one of the highest levels of newspaper sales per head of population, and there are 1400 different newspapers.,Britain has 10 different daily national newspapers.,There are two categories of national newspapers,: (features of each),“the quality press” / “the broadsheets”,“the tabloids” / “the popular newspapers” /,“the gutter press”,The Observer,still,published every Sunday; first appeared in 1791;,the,worlds,oldest national newspaper.,The,Times,began,in 1785; the UKs oldest daily newspaper.,The,Guardian,a,national daily newspaper which is radical in politics and interested in society and social problems. It is quite soft on crime and quite feminist and shows great concern for green politics.,The,Telegraph,one,of the quality press, support tough sentences for criminals, be unsympathetic to single mothers and,favor,free enterprise over social,programs,.,The News of the,World,one,of the tabloids which began publishing as a paper in 1843. It gives great coverage on crime, sport and sex stories. By the 1930s it was Britains most popular Sunday paper, selling 3.4 million copies each week. It now sells about 4.7 million papers each week, and is Britains biggest seller.,The Financial Times,about business, is not only printed at home but also printed in other countries of the world.,Fleet Street,: a street in,London,England,named after the,River Fleet,. It was the home of the,British press,until the 1980s. Even though the last major British news office,Reuters, left in 2005, the,streets name,continues to be used as a,metonym,for the,British,national,press,.,Fleet Street in,1890,Fleet Street in,2005,freedom of British,press: (P134),Officially speaking the British newspapers are free from government control and censorship and can print what they like, but many British laws limit the freedom of newspapers.,Eg,. Contempt of court laws,other,laws of,libel and defamation,The media is also affected by,Official Secret,Act,( P134),a,legal act which demands that all government information is kept secret unless the government says it can be released and those who break this legal act would be fined or even sent to prison.,In Britain, most advertising is carried in newspapers. All media must follow,the Advertising,Code,. (P132),It is stipulated to make sure that all advertisements are legal, decent, honest and truthful; all advertisements should have a sense of responsibility for consumers and society and respect the principles of fair competition.,The Broadcast Media,The broadcast mediatelevision and radio are very important to British national life.,Q: What do British people,watch? (P135),British newscasts are renowned for the quality of their reporting. There are 5 television channels BBC1, BBC2, funded by license fees and three other channels, run by the Independent Television Commission (ITC) and funded by advertising.,The BBC:,the British Broadcasting Corporation,was founded in 1927 as a public service radio station and later moved into television in 1936.,Its,now Britains main public service broadcaster. It currently has two TV channels. BBC 1 specializes in shows with a broad appeal. BBC 2 supplies special interest audiences with documentaries and shows aimed at particular social groups.,The BBC also provides the World Service which broadcasts in English and 43 other languages throughout the world.,The Broadcasting,Act (P135),:,its designed to keep ownership of broadcast media widely spread so there are no concentrations of media power in the hands of a few, and foreign ownership is not allowed. Its also to retain standards of decency, taste, accuracy and balance.,* The British government is one of the countrys 10 biggest advertisers.,British,Newspaperspolitical learning,The,Daily Telegraph,(daily quality newspaper):,http:/www.telegraph.co.,uk,The Daily Mail,(daily mid-market newspaper):,http:/www.,dailymail,.co.,uk,The Financial Times,(daily quality newspaper):,The Times,(daily quality newspaper):,http:/www.,timesonline,.co.,uk,The Sunday Times,(weekly quality newspaper):,http:/www.,sunday,-times.co.,uk,The Sun,(daily popular newspaper):,http:/www.,thesun,.co.,uk,The Independent,(daily quality newspaper):,http:/www.independent.co.,uk,The Daily Mirror,(daily popular newspaper):,http:/www.mirror.co.,uk,The Guardian,(daily quality newspaper):,http:/www.guardian.co.,uk,Conservative,Liberal-socialist,References,