chapter 6 lexical featuers

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,LOGO,*,Chapter 6,The lexical feature of Journalistic language,1. Borrowed words,2. Metonymy,3. Compounds used as attributive (pre-modification,）,4. Neologism,5. Euphemism,6. Slang,7. Translation of Chinese new words,8.,How to express say,1. Borrowed words (,外来语,),Nelson Mandela took the oath of office yesterday to become South Africas first black president in a glorious celebration ending the agony of,apartheid,and marking the countrys return to the world community. (apartheid,：,非洲荷兰语,种族隔离,),纳尔逊,曼德拉昨天在一次结束种族隔离痛苦，庆祝该国回到国际社会的辉煌庆祝仪式上宣誓就职，成为南非第一位黑人总统。,No matter what his personal eccentricities,，,the films starring this,kungfu,master have made a lucrative hit in Hong Kong and Taiwan,，,and its now rock-n-rolling its way to new audience round the mainland,(,kungfu,：,汉语,功夫,),不论他有什么个人的古怪脾气，该功夫大师主演的影片已经在港台大走红运，生意兴隆，而且它现在正一路摇摆着走向大陆新观众的面前。,attache,法语,随行人员,laissez-faire,法语,自由主义,Lebensraum,德语,生存空间,per,annum,拉丁语,每年,rapport,法语,和睦；友好,rendezvous,法语,约会,(,地点,),sumo,日语,相扑,karaoke,judo,per,capita,tai,chi chuan,tsunami,People to the manner born once deemed Manhattan apartment-living,dclass,（失去社会地位的，落魄的）,. A century ago, only ostentatious mansionsof,Astors,and other aristocratsoccupied “Millionaires Row,” the most gilded stretch of that blue-blooded artery, Fifth Avenue. But that all changed in 1912 when a luxurious new 12-story Italian Renaissance building rose near the Metropolitan Museum of Art. And it is here, in the marbled grandeur of a sprawling,palazzo,(,邸宅）, that Wall Street veteran and onetime New York Times reporter Steve,Rattner,today hosts the,beau monde,（上流社会）,of Manhattan.,（,Newsweek,，,Aug.11 2008),A,ccused of being a foreign-policy dove during the 2008 presidential campaign, Mr.,Obama,is establishing his,bona fides,(,真诚，善意）,on national security.,（,The Christian Science Monitor, Aug. 8, 2009,）,The,Faina,is a huge, well-protected vessel, underscoring both the audacity and capability of the,buccaneers,(,海盗）,.,（,Time,，,Sep. 26,，,2008,）,2. Metonymy,(,借代,),In news paper articles, very often the names of capitals, or big cities, or famous buildings, or the head of government are used to refer to the country or the government or the organization concerned.,Americas trading partners in the General Agreement on Tariffs and,Trade(GATT,) formally charged,Washington,today with violating the rules of the trading agreement with its l5 percent surtax on imports,美国在关贸总协定的贸易伙伴今天正式指控，华盛顿破坏了贸易协定的原则，对进口商品征收,15,的附加税。,Why does a diploma from,Harvard,cost $100,000 more than a similar piece of paper from City College?,Big Banks Paid Billions in Bonuses Amid,Wall St,. Crisis,Big,Apple,(,大苹果,),美国纽约市,Big,Board,(,纽约证券交易所大行情板,),纽约证券所纽约股市,Broadway,(,百老汇大街,),美国或纽约市商业性戏剧,(,业,),City,of Angels,(,天使城,),洛杉矶,City,of Brotherly Love,(,博爱城,),费城,City,by the Golden Gate,(,金门城,),旧金山市,Crescent,City,(,新月城,),新奥尔良市,Dice,City,(,赌城,)(,美国以夜总会和赌场著称的,),拉斯韦加斯市,Empire,State,(,帝国州,),纽约州,Golden,State,(,黄金州,),加利福尼亚州,Hub,of the Universe,(,宇宙中心,),波士顿市,Madison,Avenue,(,美国广告业中心,),麦迪逊大街 美国广告业,Mother,of Presidents,(,总统之母,),美国弗吉尼亚州或俄亥俄州,Steel,City,(,钢城,),匹兹堡市,Windy,City,(,多风城,),芝加哥市,White,House,(,白宫,),美国政府；美国总统,Tin Pan Alley,Silicon Valley,the,City,(,伦敦市中心,),伦敦城,英国商业界；英国金融界,Fleet,Street,(,舰队街,),英国新闻界,Scotland,Yard,(,苏格兰场；伦敦警察局,),伦敦警方,Elysee,(,法国总统官邸,),爱丽舍宫,法国政府；法国总统,Guess what the following refers to,Capitol,Capitol Hill,Hill,Motor City,Motown,Pentagon,Penta,Buckingham Palace,Zhongnanhai,Downing Street No,10,No,10 Downing Street,3.,C,ompounds used as attributive,Instead of an,all-out,strike,，,the workers will stage a go-slow, 工人们没有举行全面罢工，而是采取消极怠工的策略。,3.1 Noun + present participle,cancer-causing drug,致癌药物,policy-making body,决策机构,维和部队,peace-keeping force,产油国,oil-producing country,3.2,adverb,+ present participle,long-standing issue,由来己久的问题,wide-spreading AIDS,到处蔓延的艾滋病,高级官员,high-ranking official,深远意义,far-reaching significance,3.3 Noun + past participle,blood-cemented friendship,鲜血凝成的友谊,贫困地区,poverty-stricken area,外向型经济,export-oriented economy,3.4 adjective + past participle,quick-frozen,food,速冻食品,外资企业,foreign-owned,enterprise,愁眉苦脸的失业者,long-faced job loser,deep-rooted social problems,根深蒂固的社会问题,3.5 adverb + past participle,dimly-lit room,光线昏暗的房间,well-informed source,消息灵通人士,薪水丰厚的工作,richly-paid job,尖端技术,highly-sophisticated technology,3.6 Noun + adjective,inflation-proof deposit,保值储蓄,vehicle-free promenade/ street,步行街,无息贷款,interest-free loan,劳动力密集型企业,labor-intensive enterprise,3.7 Noun + Noun,arms-reduction talks,裁军谈判,year-end report,年终报告,劳资冲突,labor-management conflict,供求失调,supply-demand imbalance,3.8 adjective + noun,long-term,，,low-interest loan,长期低息贷款,top-level talk,最高级会谈,互惠贸易协定,fair-trade agreement,远程核导弹,long-range nuclear missile,3.9 numeral + noun,100-metre dash,百米赛跑,one-man government,独裁政府,单向道,one-way street,21,响礼炮,21-gun salute,3.10 phrase,face-to-face talk,会晤；面晤,hand-to-mouth pay,温饱工资,地对空导弹,ground-to-air missile,一触即发的局势,touch-and-go affair,dusk-to-dawn curfew,彻夜宵禁,middle-of-the-road policy,中立政策,be-kind-to-animal campaign,保护动物运动,see-while-you-talk phone,可视电话,good-to-excellent care,无微不至的关怀,on-the-spot interview,现场采访,在职培训,on-the-job training,一国两制的政策,one-country-two-system policy,a yet-to-be-verified statement,the often-referred-to books,But the real shame is that, in our,get-rich,quick-fix,more-is-better,culture, we are all culpable in this,blood-doping,scandal both on and off the race course.,A Drug to Quicken the Blood,(,New York Times, October 11, 2012),Reformers on the left and right tend to oppose so-called,last-in,first-out hiring policies, salary schedules that emphasize years on the job over effectiveness, and tenure rules that make it virtually impossible to fire underperforming teachers.,Moving beyond our vacuous education reform discussions,(,Reuters, October 12, 2012),But as Americans face up to the limitations of,one-size-fits-all school reform, the,relinquishers,are slowly gaining ground.,(Reuters, October 12, 2012),The personal statements are one aspect of the admissions procedure that critics believe benefits the children of,better educated and well-off parents,.,Sixth-formers pay up to 350 to cheat,university admissions system,(The Guardian,October 13, 2012),4.,N,eologisms,W,atergate (1972),Koreagate,(1977),d,ebategate,(1983),n,annygate,(1993),climate gate (2009),千味拉面掉进了“骨汤门”，承认是浓缩液兑制（千千网，,2011-07-25,）,近日，一组关于南宁学生虐猪门的照片风传网络。（凤凰网资讯，,2011-07-07,）,中国经济如何跨越“过剩门”（金羊网，,2006-09-06,）,其实早在,2010,年的时候，奔驰,S400,的“电池门事件”就曾经被曝光，当时这一问题并没有得到有效解决。随着时间的推移，,S400,所牵涉的电池质量问题,.,（天津网,1012-10-16,）,中新网,10,月,16,日电据新西兰中华新闻网援引当地媒体消息，新西兰移民局披露，至少有,65,家企业和,4,家私人培训机构已卷入签证“欺诈门”事件，并,.,iPhone 5,陷质量门如乔布斯还在会如何做 （和讯网,2012-10-15,）,无独有偶，在中兴通讯预报亏损之际，中国机械行业巨头三一重工传来“债务,门,”,事件,。据报道，截至,2012,年,3,月,31,日，三一在各银行贷款总额为,393.80 .,（新民网,2012-10-14,）,斯图尔特在接受采访的时候透露在偷腥门事件之后，她接收到了很多粉丝发来的恶意短信 并称自己可能会因为此而遭到杀害。斯图尔特说：“随着社交,.,（,环球网,-2012-10-14,）,c,ybercash,c,ybercrime,c,yberculture,c,ybershopping,n,etbook,e-verify,e,-waste,5. Use of euphemism,This is morning in America in the Internet age. After six to eight hours of network deprivation - also known as sleep - people are increasingly waking up and lunging for,cellphones,and laptops, sometimes even before swinging their legs to the floor and tending to more,biologically urgent activities,.,(,The New York Times, Aug. 10, 2009),But how do those,who live on the lower rungs of the global economic ladder,cope?,Food scarcity: the,timebomb,setting nation against nation,(,The Guardian, October 13, 2012),6.,U,se of slang,SO,CIG,OF CRUNCH,Recession,has Shameless effect,as,fag,sales rocket,B,roke Brits,continue to be dragged down by the credit crunch - turning to,booze,and fags to beat the recession blues.,A,nd in a desperate bid to save cash on weekly bills, hard-up families are,ditching,healthy,fruit n,veg,and gorging on cheap junk food instead.,(,News of the World, Aug.16,2009),7.,T,ranslation of Chinese new words,The central government called on every region to develop its own export-oriented,hit products,according to its local advantages and characteristic.,中央政府号召各地利用本地优势和特点开发当地的出口型拳头产品。,In order to fully tap the human resources,，,the,rational flow of trained personnel,should not only be allowed but also be encouraged,为了充分发掘人才潜力，不仅应该允许人才合理流动，而且还要鼓励人才流动。,To further develop the export-oriented economy, Shanghai is to make a number of preferential policies soon to encourage business people both at home and abroad to set up more enterprises,in,the three forms of ventures,i.e. enterprises for Sino-foreign joint venture, for Sino-foreign co-production and enterprises with sole foreign capital.,为了进一步发展外向型经济，上海最近将出台一系列优惠政策，以鼓励国内外经营者创建更多的三资企业，即中外合资企业、中外合作企业和外商独资企业。,The next objective for the Chinese people to strive for is to reach,the,well-to-do level,中国人民的下一个奋斗目标是在本世纪末达到小康水平。,He works enthusiastically as ever even though he has,retired from the leading post,尽管已退居二线，他的工作热情丝毫不减。,Many large companies in Shanghai have,geared themselves to the international conventions,and set up after-sales services accepting repairs and dealing with customers complaints.,上海的许多大公司都专门设有售后服务中心,接受维修业务和处理客户投诉，目的在于与国际接轨。,Chinas actual conditions,中国国情,be honest in performing ones official duties,廉洁奉公,build a clean and honest government,construction of a clean government,廉政建设,abuse of power for personal gain,；,misuse of power for private interest,以权谋私,corruption reporting centre,举报中心,letter of complaint,举报信,be responsible for ones own profit and loss,自负盈亏,jack up price,哄抬物价,single youth above the normal matrimonial age,大龄青年,high-tech business incubator; pioneer park,创业园,物质文明,material progress,精神文明,intellectual and ideological development,宰客,rip off,打白条,issue IOUs,关系网,network of personal connections,下海,risk ones fortune in business,跳槽,job-hop,lucky draw,抽奖,vicious circle,恶性循环,Yangtze River delta,长江三角洲,tax avoidance,避税,localization,本土化；本地化,settling-in allowance,安家费,interdisciplinary talent,复合型人才,jerry-built project,豆腐渣工程,worse off than some, better off than many,比上不足，比下有余,fight corruption and build a clean government,反腐倡廉,real estate market,房地产市场,Comfortable Housing Project,安居工程,distribution according to ones performance,按劳分配,to buy a house on mortgage; to mortgage a house,按揭购房,service industry/ service trade,窗口行业,pet clinic,宠物医院,inter-city train,城际列车,green hand,菜鸟，新手,multinational company,跨国公司,passive smoking; second-hand smoking,被动吸烟,copyright reserved,版权所有,money worship,拜金主义,白手起家,start from scratch,百年老店,century-old shop,东道国,host country,安全隐患,hidden danger,打假,crack down on fake products,保护伞,protective umbrella,傍大款,find a sugar daddy; be a mistress for a rich man; lean on a,moneybag,不折腾,avoid self-inflicted setbacks; dont get sidetracked; dont rock the boat; buzheteng,a,ircraft carrier,航空母舰,s,eagoing airbase,海上空军基地,停业,s,hut/halt operations,停产,s,uspend production,缩短营业时间,o,perate on shortened hours,恢复营业,r,esume operation,免收通行费,g,ive free passage, go toll-free, be exempted from road tolls,七座及以下小型客车,p,assenger cars with seven seats or less,8.,H,ow to express say,He,added,that he was pleased with the result.,他,补充说,，他对结果表示满意。,They,warned,that the storm was coming.,他们,警告说,将有暴风雨来临。,The report,disclosed,that he had been in prison for a year.,报告,披露说,曾坐过一年牢。,He is,quoted as having said,that there will be an election this autumn.,有人,引述他的话说,今年秋天将举行选举。,They,described,his attempts to handle the issue,as,“positive”.,他们,说,他在“积极地”处理该问题。,help/assist,帮助；援助,change,改变,inquire,询问,denounce,谴责，斥责,dismiss/reduce,解雇，减少,support,支持,impede,阻碍,prohibit /forbid,禁止,prevent,阻止；防止,expose/reveal/disclose,揭露；透露,aid,alter,ask,assail,axe,back,balk,ban,bar/,block/ foil,bare,explode,爆炸,commence,开始,cheat,欺骗,criticize,批评，指责,increase,增加；提高,purchase,购买,examine,检查,cause the death of,夺去,的生命,blast,begin,bilk,blast/,flay,boost,buy,check,claim,disagree strongly,发生分歧,control/restrict,控制,reduce,削减；减少,schedule,安排；预定,reduce/lessen,减轻；缓和,decree/proclamation,法令,/,布告,terminate,结束；终止,watch with interest,关注,confront,面临；面对,dismiss,开除；辞退,clash,curb,cut,due,ease,edict,end,eye,face,fire/sack,insult,侮辱,acquire,攫取；获得,seize,抓牢；笼罩,investigate,调查；严厉盘问,destroy,摧毁,direct,率领，带领,retain/arrest,拘捕；逮捕,injure,伤害,flout,grab,grip,grill,gut,head,hold,hurt,murder,谋杀；刺杀,praise,赞扬；表扬,begin/commence,开始；发起,happen,呈现；出现,work out,制订,damage,破坏；损坏,celebrate,庆祝,discuss,研究；考虑,study/consider,磋商；讨论,kill/slay,laud,launch,loom,map,mar,mark,moot,mull,arrest,逮捕,appoint/elect/nominate,命名；任命,approve,赞同；批准,choose,选择,expel,驱逐（出境）,endanger,危害；危及,promise,允许；发誓,conspire,预谋；密谋策划,nab,name,nod,opt,oust,peril,pledge,plot,plummet,（价格等）暴跌,investigate,调查,instigate,促进；怂恿,trigger off,激发；引发,resign,辞职,attack/search,袭击；进攻；搜寻,become violent,肆虐，蔓延,destroy,摧毁；把,夷为平地,plunge,probe,prod,prompt/spark,quit,raid,rage,raze,defeat completely,击溃；打垮,transfer,转移；转换,neglect,冷落；怠慢,skyrocket,急剧上升,encourage,激励；鞭策,make no progress,毫无进展,rout,shift,snub,soar,spur,stall,investigate,研究；调查,exchange,交换；交流,influence,影响；支配,obstruct,阻碍,;,挫败,exceed,超出；超越,exchange,交换,endeavor,努力；尽力,try hard to persuade,敦促；促使,study,swap,sway,thwart,top,trade,try,urge,utilize,使用,compete,竞争,invalidate,使无效；作废,express,发表,(,意见等,);,表达,promise/determine,决心；发誓,marry,结婚,consider,考虑,seek to win,争取；追求,use,vie,void,voice,vow,wed,weigh,woo,agreement,一致；协议,assistance,帮助援助,assistant,助理助手,purpose,目的,weapons,武器,explosion,爆炸,injury/disappointment,受伤；打击,committee/commission,机构（委员会等）,controversy,冲突；争端；争议,accord,aid,aide,aim,arms,blast,blow,body,clash,uninterested,冷漠的不感兴趣的,policeman,警察,collision,碰撞；坠毁,agreement/transaction,协议；交易,democrats,民主主义者民主人士；（美）民主党党员,decrease,下降减少,ambassador,使节,counterfeit,赝品；骗局,celebration,庆祝（活动）,strong dispute,严重分歧,cool,cop,crash,deal,Dems,dip,envoy,fake,fete,feud,market,市场,approval,许可,/,批准,agreement/treaty,条约；协议,wage/salary,工资,coal mine,煤矿,request for help,求救,/,求助,public opinion,投票选举；民意测验,position,职位,mart,nod,pact,pay,pit,plea,poll,post,company,公司,/,企业,failure,失败,jewel,珠宝,oversupply,供过于求,Grand Old Party,（美国）共和党,unemployed,失业的,essential,基本的；重要的,connection,关系,/,关联,money stolen,脏,款,firm,flop,gem,glut,GOP,jobless,key,link,loot,investigate,调查,withdrawal,撤退,/,撤离,assembly,集结,communists,共产党人,mystery,奥秘；迷,separation,隔离；分离,quarrel,争议；争论,probe,pullout,rally,Reds,riddle,rift,row,attitude,姿态,/,态度,conflict,冲突,/,矛盾,conference/negotiation,会谈；,(diplomatic) relations,外交关系,argument,争论；争执,the Conservative Party,（英国）保守党,stance,strife,talk,ties,tiff,Tory,