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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The Attributive Clause,What is the attribute? (,什么是定语）,a,red,apple a,beautiful,girl,形容词作定语,my,friend,his,pen,代词作定语,a girl,in red,a man,with glasses,介词短语作定语,apple,tree,shoe,shop,名词作定语,什么是定语？,定语就是用来修饰名词或者代词的成分,What is the attributive clause? (,什么是定语从句）,the handsome,修饰成分,the naughty,boy,The,boy,is Tom.,（,主句）,The,boy,who,is handsome,is Tom,.,The,boy,who,is naughty,is Tom,.,修饰一个名词或代词的单词或短语,叫定语，如为一个句子则称为定语,从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词,后面。,被,修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句的一般结构是：,主句,+,先行词,+,关系词,+,从句,People who go to a formal westerner dinner party for the first time may be surprised by table manners. Besides the napkin, you will find a small toast and three glasses which are for the wine. The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bigger than the ones beside them. Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called a starter. For the starter, which you eat with the smaller pair, you keep the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left.,定语从句的一般结构是：,主句,+,先行词,+,关系词,+,从句,I know the boy,who is sitting on the desk.,主句,定语从句,先行词,引导词,引导词有关系代词：,who whom whose that which,关系副词：,when where why,先行词：被修饰的成分,即名词或代词。,关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用：,1.,引导一个定语从句；,2.,在从句中代替先行词；,3.,在从句中担任某一句子成份。,1. The boy,who,is smiling,is Tom.,2.The boy,who,has a round face,is Tom.,3.The man,who,sits in front of me,is Tom.,4.The man,(,whom),everyone likes,is kind.,5.The woman,(,whom),we saw on the street,got the job.,6.The teacher,(,whom),we met yesterday,will give us a talk.,7.The boy,(,whom),you want to talk to,is in the lab.,8.The boy,to whom,you want to talk,is in the lab.,9. This is the boy,(,whom),I sit behind.,10. This is the boy,behind whom,I sit.,11.She is the girl,whose,English is the best in our class.,12.A plane is a machine,that,can fly,.,13.Here is the boy,that,damaged the vase .,关系代词与关系副词,关系代词,:,指人,:,指物,:,指人或物,:,关系副词,:,who(,主格,), whom(,宾格,), whose(,所有格,),which(,主格,宾格,), whose(,所有格,),that,when, where, why,注：当先行词是,those, she ,he ,they,等,代词时,关系代词用,who,.,作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省，,介词后面用,which,或,whom,),The man,to whom,I nodded is Professor Li.,4,whose,在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词,与,whose,后的名词为所属关系。,whose,多指人，也可指物，指物时可与,of which,互换使用,即,the+,名词,of whichwhom,或,of which whom,the+,名词。,This is the book,whose,cover is blue.,This is the book,of which,the cover is blue,.,of which the book,Do you know the girl,whose,hair is,very short in our class?,He is the student,whose,pencil I,broke yesterday,.,The teacher,whose son I work with,is liked by all the students.,The chair,the legs of which,are broken, is,being repaired now.,3. which,指物，,作主语或宾语,(,作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省,),This recorder,（which）,he is using is,made in Japan.,Is this the library,from which,you borrow,books?,Do you find the pen,with which,I wrote,just now?,Do you find the pen,(which),I wrote,with just now?,that,指人,/,物，作主语或宾语,(,作宾语可省略）,A plane is a machine,that,can fly.,He is the man,(that),I told you about.,that,和,which,在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用,that,而不用,which,。,I am sure she has,something,(that),you can borrow.,Ive read,all,the books,that,are not mine.,This is,the first,book,(that),he has read.,This is,the very,book,that,belongs to him.,(1),先行词为,all, everything, nothing, something,anything, little, much,等不定代词时。,(2),先行词被,all, every, no, some, any, little, much,等,修饰时。,(3),先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(4),先行词被,the only, the very, the same, the last,修饰时。,that,和,which,在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用,that,而不用,which,。,(5),先行词是,who,或,who,引导的主句。,Who is the girl,that,drove the car?,Who,that,broke the window will be punished.,(6),主句以,There be,引导时,There are,200 people,that,didnt know the thing.,(7),当先行词在定语从句中作,be,表语時，关系代词用,that.,She isnt the,girl,that,she,was,10 years ago.,(8),当先行词是,which,时，关系代词用,that,.,Which,is the book,that,you bought last week?,1. This is all _ I know about the matter.,A. that B. what C. who D. which,2. Is there anything else _ you require?,A. which B. that C. who D. what,3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.,A. which B. that C. where D. it,4. He talked happily about the men and books,_ interested him greatly in the school.,A. which B. that C. it D. whom,A,B,B,B,that,和,which,在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用,which,而不用,that,。,(9),关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）,Those are many trees,under,which,they can have a rest.,(10),在非限制性定语从句中,Football,which,is a very popular game, is played all over the world.,(11),先行词本身是,that,，或句子中已经有了,that,What I want to do is that which will help us all.,(1) The scientist is very famous in the world.,We met her yesterday.,The scientist,we met yesterday is very famous,who,in the world.,whom,that,(2) The dress is new.,She is wearing it.,The dress,that,she is wearing is new.,which,(3) He is the kind person.,I have ever worked with him.,(4) This is the best film.,I have ever seen this film.,He is the kind person,that,I have ever worked with.,who,whom,This is the best film,that,I have ever seen.,1. I have a friend _ likes listening to Classical music.,2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.,3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.,4. Kevin is reading a book _is too difficult for him.,5. The family _ Im staying with lives in town.,6. I know the student _ article was published.,7. Betty, _ has never been abroad , is studying English very well.,8. My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old.,9. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.,whothat,whichthat,whose,whichthat,thatwhich,whose,Who,whichthat,whom,定语从句中的关系副词,：,when, where, why,when,在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词,+,关系代词（,which,）”。,Ill never forget the day,when,I joined the league.,on which,where,在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词,+,关系代词（,which,）”。,This is the house,where,I lived two years ago.,in which,why,在定语从句中作原因状语，相当,于“介词,for+,关系代词（,which,）”。,Do you know the reason,why,she was late.,It rained heavily,for which,he was late for,the class.,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：,My sister,who is twenty,works in,a bank.,The man,who came here yesterday,has,come again.,限制性定语从句,是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，,如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从,句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。,非限制性定语从句,和主句关系不很密切，只是对先,行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。,这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。,He is the man_ house the pictures are taken.,A. whose B.which C.from whose D.that,2.He lives in the flat,_he can see_ is happen-,ing,in the street.,A.there/what,B.where/something C.from whose window/all that,3.That was the most interesting film_I have seen.,A. whose B.that C. which D.what,4.Ahead of me I saw a woman_I thought was,my aunt.,A. who B. whom C. from whom D. of whom,5.Watch the girl and her dog_are crossing,the street.,A. who B. which,C. that,D. they,6. He is the very one of the students_ good at,English.,A. who does B.that is C.whom do D.which are,7.The second book_I want to read is,Traveis,in,China by,Rewi,Alley.,A. which B. that C. what D.as,8.He is the same teacher_spoke at the meeting,on the opening ceremony.,A. as B. whom C. that D. who,9.The days_I spent in the countryside in my,childhood was the happiest time_I had ever,had in my life.,D. that/that,A. when/when B. when/that C. that /which,*,As,和,which,引导非限制性定语从句的区别：,Which,引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而,as,引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。,Which,既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“,and this” or “ and that”.,译为“这一点”。,而,as,则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如,.,那样”，且已形成固定结构。如：,as is known, as is said, as is reported, as is often the case, as is expected. Etc.,eg,. Einstein,as is known, is a famous scientist.,As is reported,China has become an important country in the world.,He didnt come to attend the meeting,as is expected.,Bamboo is hollow,which,makes it very light.,My son now goes to the school,which,I used go to when I was a child.,话题运用,_is known to all, China with an area of 9.6 million square kilometers, is the third largest country in the world. The Chinese nation consists of 56 nationalities, among _the Han Ethnic Group is the largest, making up 94% of the whole. Besides, there are many big rivers in China, the most important of _are the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. There was a time _Chinese economy was far behind many other countries in the world. However, with the development of the economy, the days are gone forever _the Chinese people were looked down upon, _all Chinese are proud of.,As,which,which,when,when,which,
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