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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,八种句子成分,句子一般要有主语，在简单句中，主语一般由,名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 以及句子,来充当。,名词作主语,English,is very important.,代词作主语,They,go to school by bus.,Most of the students,come from the countryside.,动名词作主语,Watching TV,too much is bad for your eyes.,It,s no use,regretting it,.,动词不定式(短语)作主语,To see,is to believe.,It is very hard,to get to slee,p.,主语从句,What matters,is your attitude.,注意：动名词或不定式作主语时,谓语动词用,。动名词、动词不定式作主语时常用,it,作形式主语。,八种成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语,单数,主语,谓语必须由动词充当，谓语动词分为实意动词，系动词，情态动词，助动词；实意动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。,(,情态动词,+),及物动词作谓语：,We,should help,each other.,All of the students,like,the novel.,(,助动词,+),不及物动词作谓语,He,left,here yesterday. You,re driving,too fast.,连系动词表状态,He,is,an excellent teacher.,谓语,宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是,名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或句子,。,名词作宾语：,I like,Chinese food,.,动名词作宾语：,I enjoyed,talking to you,.,不定式作宾语：,He certainly did not want,to join them,.,宾语从句：,We hoped,that all would come well,.,宾语,表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词、从句等充当。,反身代词：,The poor boy was,myself,.,不定式：,All you need do is,to take a taxi from the airport,.,表语从句：,The reason why he is absent is,that he is ill,.,表语,定语起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当。,数词：,Mr. Green has,two,sons.,介词短语：,The girl,under the tree,is Kate.,形容词：,I bought a,new,dictionary.,分词：,The suggestion,sent to the committee,was adopted.,定语从句：,Do you know the man,who is standing next to Mr. Green,?,定语,英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当，或由连词引导状语从句，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。,副词：She is a,very,beautiful girl.,结果状语从句： He spoke,so,fast,that I could hardly understand him,.,不定式作目的状语：,In order to get to school on time, I got up early.,with,的复合结构作伴随状语：,With a lot of homework to do, I can,t go out to play.,状语,补足语,补充说明主语或宾语的意义。,宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。,1) 后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有:,call, name, think, make, choose +sb. +sth. Ca,ll,me,Jim,.,2) 后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有:,keep, find, get, think, make+ sb./sth.+adj.,Tom found the climb,quite easy,. You must keep the classroom,clean,.,3) 动词原形作宾补，谓语动词为感官动词,feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at+sb. +V,原形,/,V-ing,I saw him,walk into,the classroom.,4）,+done,作宾补的动词：,get, have, hear, see, find +sth. +done,We had the machine,repaired,.,5) 使役动词,let, have, make：+sb.+ V,原形,Let,s,go,now,!,Rain makes plants,grow,.,6),+to do,作宾补的动词：,ask, want, like, warn, allow, hope, tell, force, invite, get, encourage, advise, remind, expect +sb.+ to do,Our teacher encouraged us,to study hard,.,同位语,同位语：对句中的某一成分进行解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上是同等地位，可用名词，代词，数词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，从句等充当,名词,：,I am Li Hua,presient of the Student Union,.,从句：,I was sad the accept the fact,that our friendship came to an end,.,练习,I believe that if we plant more trees, there will be less haze in our city.,Exhaust fumes are the main cause of haze and do great harm to peoples health.,I think it is a great idea to encourage people to use public transportation.,主语,谓语,宾从,条件状语从句,there be,句型,主语,系动词,表语,谓语,宾语,主语,谓语,宾从,it,作形式主语,系动词,表语,不定式作真正的主语,接双宾语的动词（,v+o+o,）,换位后介词用,to,：,award/give/hand/lend/mail/offer/owe/pass/return/send/sell/serve/show/take/teach/tell/throw/write,换位后介词用,for:,buy/choose/make/prepare/save/spare,不能换位：,ask/allow/cause/charge/cost/forgive/refuse/envy,接,to do,作宾补,(v+o+to do),advise/allow/ask/bear/beg/cause/command/drive/encourage/expect/forbid/force/get/invite/mean/order/permit/persuade/prefer/request/remind/teach/tell/train/want/warn/wish,arrange for/demand of/wait for/call on/depend on,接,doing,作宾补,(v+o+doing),keep/prevent/stop/have,catch/discover/find/hear/notice/observe/see/listen to/watch/look at,接动词原形作宾补,(v+o+v,原形,),have/let/make,catch/discover/find/hear/notice/observe/see/listen to/watch/look at,there be,句型练习,There,a shop at the corner, where you can buy fruits.,There,great changes in my hometown since 2000.,There,some steps to prevent such accident.,There are only 8 months,(leave)before the college entrance examination.,There is no need,(worry) too much about exams.,There seems to be someone,(take) photos at the foot of the mountain.,
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