高中英语被动语态

,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Grammar,The Passive Voice,语态,(voice),是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（,Active Voice,）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（,Passive Voice,）。,We cleaned the classroom yesterday.,昨天我们打扫了教室。,The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.,昨天教室被我们打扫了。,一、被动语态的定义：,二、被动语态的一般结构：,即：,be+ done (+ by),“,be+,及物动词的过去分词”,Hamlet was written,by Shakespeare,. ,哈姆雷特,是莎士比亚写的。,The task has been finished.,任务已经完成了。,We,speak,English,.,主语,谓语,宾语,English,is,spoken,by,us,.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,被动语态,一般现在时：,am / is / are done,一般过去时：,was / were done,现在进行时：,am / is / are being done,过去进行时：,was / were being done,现在完成时：,have / has been done,过去完成时：,had been done,一般将来时：,shall / will be done ; be going to be done,当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为,can / must / have tobe done,He is regarded as a brilliant scientist.,他被,认为是一位才华横溢的科学家。,This book was written in 1969.,这本书是,1969,年写成的。,The broken bike is being repaired now.,那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。,He told us the cat was being washed when we called him.,他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。,The pen has been used for several years.,这支钢笔已经用了几年。,He said the factory had been opened .,他说这家工厂已经开张。,The work will be finished in three hours.,工作将于三小时后完成。,The baby must be looked after well.,这孩子必须被好好照顾。,三、各种时态的被动语态：,People speak English almost all over the world.,世界各地都有人讲英语。,English is spoken almost all over the world.,1,含有单宾语的句子转换：,四、 主动变被动中的几个问题：,2.,含有双宾语的句子转换,多将间接宾语改为主语。,I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday.,昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。,The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).,Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).,My mother will buy me a coat next week.,变为被动语态,1. A coat will be bought for me next week (by my mother).,2. I will be bought a coat next week (by my mother),.,3.,当动词后有复合宾语，变被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语即可，其它不变。,The boss found a cook smoking in the,kitchen,.,A cook was found smoking in the kitchen.,4.“get,done”,也可表示被动语态，此结构比较口语化。,The patient got treated once a week.,She got married last week.,People believe that he is an honest boy.,大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。,It is believed that he is an honest boy.,The boy is believed to be an honest one.,方法,1),把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的,谓语变成不定式短语,。,方法,2),用先行的,it,作形式主语,，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；,5.,当主动句的宾语是,that,引导的宾语从 句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。,练习：,We all think that we could win the game.,we are thought to win the game.,It is thought that we could win the game.,以上即是汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“据报道” 、“有人说”、“大家说”等句式。,It is said that,one day he climbed to the top of a house.,It is reported that her mother died of SARS.,众所周知,It is well known that,据推测说,It is supposed that,6.,含有动词短语的句子转换。,They have never listened to him.,他们从不听他的话。,He has never been listened to.,练习：,They take good care of the baby.,The baby is taken good care of by them.,注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一 个整体，不可把它们分隔开来,不要丢漏动词短语中的副词或介词,。,He made me do the work.,I was made,to,do the work by him.,6.,主动句中动词不带,to,但在被动句中带,to,的几种情况：,练习：,We heard him say good-bye to his friends.,He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.,注意：,make, let, have/feel, hear, see, watch,等词,在主动句中动词不带,to,但在被动句中要带,to,五、主动形式也可以表示被动意义的几种情况：,1,、主语是物，谓语是表示主语,特征或属性,的不及物动词。常见的这类动词有,write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run,等,。这些动词常与副词,smoothly,easily, well,badly,等连用。例如：,The machine,runs,well.,This pen,writes,quite smoothly.,This kind of book,sells,well.,?,2,、表示主语状态特征的,连系动词,：,look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear,等。,例如：,Do you like the material?,Yes, it _(feel) very soft.,Your idea,sounds,reasonable.,What he said,proved,to be correct.,3.,不及物动词和某些短语。,happen,last,begin,stop,open,take place, break out,come about,belong to, run out,等,.,(1)World war broke out in 1937.,(2)The shop opens at 6 am every day.,4.,在,need ,want,require,deserve,等词后用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，也可用不定式的被动形式。,The matter wants looking into.,The matter wants to be looked into.,5. be worth,后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。但可用,be worthy to be done,或,be worthy of being done,1.His suggestion is not worth considering.,2.The film is well worth seeing.,3.The film is worthy to be seen/ of being seen.,6.,不定式在,difficult,easy,hard,safe,good,fit,light,等形容词之后作状语，且和句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动式表被动义。,The book is easy to understand.,The morning air is fresh to breathe.,The girl is easy to get along with.,7.,不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，又和该句主语或宾语构成主谓关系，用主动,式表被动义。,She has something to say.,I will give him something to drink.,8.,某些作表语用的不定式，强调出租，责备，解雇等，此类常用的动词有,let,hire ,blame,等。,Am I to blame?,我该受罚吗,?,The house is to let.,这房屋出租。,9.,非谓语动词的被动情况。,The house to be built next year is our lab.,The house being built now is our lab.,The house built last year is our lab.,being done/to be done/done,having been done,to have been done,高考直击,：,1. An exhibition of paintings _ (hold)at the museum next week,2. Every possible means _(try), but none _ (prove)successful,3.The question he asked is hard_(answer),4. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ (complete)in Beijing.,5,More than a dozen students in that school,(send)abroad to study medicine last year.,6. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wouldnt have time to,(change)before the party.,练习,is to be held,has been tried,proves,to answer,had been completed,were sent,get changed,7. Rainforests,(cut)and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in thefuture.,8. I feel it is your husband who _(blame) for the spoiled child.,9.Great changes _(take place)in the city, and a lot of factories_(set up) in the past few years.,10.The football match_ (hold) in our school next week,.,are being cut,is to blame,have taken place,have been set up,is going to be held,II.,下列句子均有一处错误，请改正。,1. Dont worry! You will not be laughed for that.,2. The film is so interesting that it will watch again and again.,3. I promise this matter will be take care of.,laughed,后加,at,watchbe watched,taketaken,4. The man who gives orders is in the charge of the army.,5. He is lucky enough to be admitted to a volunteer of the coming Olympic Games.,toas,去掉第二个,the,实战应用：,Welcome to our school. I,d like to introduce you the plans for our school. A lot of work _ (do) in the past few years. The library _ (complete) and is ready for use. But we still have to do more work. A new biology lab _ (build) this year. But we donot have enough money for the equipment. Students in all grades _ (collect) money. A party _ (plan) for the end of this term. The money which is collected _ (spend) on new equipment. At present, plans _ (make) for a party at the end of the summer term.,The gardens of the school _ (improve) this year. New trees _ (plant) which will soon give shade in summer. The whole school _ (paint) during the holidays. In fact, she will be more beautiful and good for us to study.,has been done,has been completed,is being built,are collecting,is being planned,will be spent,are being made,are being improved,are being planted,is going to be painted,Thank you for your,attention!,