资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,一、-ing形式作定语（attribute）,1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于,被修饰名词的前面, 既可以表示被修饰,者的作用或功能, 也可以表示被修饰者,的动作或状态。如：,building,materials,= materials for building 建筑材料,drinking,water,= water for drinking 饮用水,a,walking,stick,= a stick for walking 手杖,a,reading,room,= a room for reading 阅览室,a,writing,desk,= a desk for writing 写字台,tiring,music,= music that is tiring 烦人的音乐,a,surprising,result,= a result that is surprising,一个惊人的结果,比较:,a swimming pool a swimming boy,a sleeping car a sleeping baby,2. ing 形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的,名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个,定语从句。如：,They lived in a room,facing the street,.,= They lived in a room,that faces the street,.,他们住在一间面朝街的房子。,The man,standing,there,is Peters father.,= The man,who,is,standing,there,is Peters,father.,站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。,Anybody,swimming,in,this,river,will be fined.,= Anybody,who is swimming in this,river,will be fined.,在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。,3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句, 这时,它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：,His brother,working,as,a teacher, lives,in Beijing. = His brother,who is,working,as a teacher, lives in Beijing.,他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。,The apple tree,swaying gently in the,breeze, had a good crop of fruit.,= The apple tree,which,was swaying,gently in the breeze, had a good crop,of fruit.,那棵苹果树硕果累累, 在微风中轻轻摇曳。,二、过去分词作定语 (Attribute),(1) 在句中的位置,单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。,a broken heart,a lost dog,a risen sun,an organized trip,a broken glass,一颗破碎的心,丧家之犬,已升起的太阳,有组织的旅行,被打破的玻璃杯,in the given time,with the words given,a wanted person,workers wanted,a concerned look,the people concerned,be concerned with,在既定的时间内,用所给的单词,被通缉的人,招聘工人,关切的神情,有关人士,the,changing,world,the,changed,world,boiling,water,boiled,water,fading,flowers,faded,flowers,a,developing,country,a,developed,country,（正在变化的）,（变化了的）,（,正在沸腾的）（已经沸腾过的）,(正在凋谢的),（已经凋谢的）,(发展中的),（发达的）,a,drowning,man,a,drowned,man,falling,leaves,fallen,leaves,a,retired,worker,an,escaped,prisoner,returned,students,快要淹死的人,已经淹死的人,正在飘落的树叶,落叶,退休工人,逃犯,归国留学生,* He is one of,those,invited.,*,Nothing,reported ( in the newspaper) interested him.,过去分词修饰,something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those,等不定代词时，要放在这些词,后面,。,The,excited,people rushed out of the building.,They found a,damaged,car at the gate of the park.,(2),所表示的时间,过去分词作定语时，所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，(或者没有一定的时间性)。,The letter,posted,yesterday,will soon reach him. 比较to be done being done,Have you read the books,written,by the young writer,？,(3),语法功能,过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。,The stolen bike belongs to Jack.,The bike,which had been stolen,belongs to Jack.,The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.,The lecture,which was given by Professor Zhang,is about the environment protection.,I know the people,building,the house there.(主动、进行）,The house,being built,over there is a shop. (被动、正在建),The house,built,over there is a shop. （被动、已建好）,三、-ing形式作表语,(Predicative),-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后, 用来泛指,某种动作或行为, 以说明主语的身份、性质或,情况。如：,Her hobby is,painting,. 她的业余爱好是画画。,My job is,looking,after the children,.,我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。,His concern for his mother is most,touching,.,他对母亲的关爱很感人。,She was very,pleasing,in her appearance.,常见作表语的现在分词有,：,disappointing, puzzling, amusing, frightening,terrifying exciting, interesting, tiring, confusing,pleasing,discouraging, satisfying, inspiring,worrying,等。,四、 过去分词作表语 (Predicative),(1),过去分词作表语时，多表示主语所处的状态。,The door,remained,locked.,She looked,disappointed.,He seemed quite,delighted,at the good news.,常见作表语的过去分词有,：,disappointed, drunk, amused, frightened, married, excited, experienced, interested, confused, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried,等。,Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.,A. pay B. paying,C. paid D. to pay,C,解析,该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：,get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.,-ing,作表语与,-ed,作表语的区别,The result,of the test is,disappointing.,I,feel,disappointed,in the result of the test,.,The story,is very,interesting,He,is,interested,in the book.,What a,surprising,result,!,I,am,surprised,at what he said.,Compete the sentences using the right form of the given verb.,I had nothing to do. I was _ (bore) and lonely.,Jack looked even more _ (amaze) than he felt.,The results were very _ (disappoint).,I was thanked by the _ (satisfy) customer.,The girl _ (dress) in red is my daughter.,Last Monday our class went on an _ (organise) trip.,bored,amazed,disappointing,satisfied,dressed,organised,五、-ing形式和过去分词作宾语补足语,1) 位置：常放在宾语后面,-ing形式表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。,过去分词表示被动，如：,1）When we returned to the school, we,found a stranger,standing,at the entrance.,2.I saw many people,injured,in the accident.,We found the snake,eating,the eggs.,We found the cake,eaten,up by the boys.,I found a bag,lying,on the ground.,I found a bag,put,on the ground.,The boss kept the workers,working,the whole night.,那老板让工人整夜地工作。,3) 当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作,宾语补足语的便转换为主语补足语。如：,They found the result very,satisfying,.,= The result is found very,satisfying,.,这个结果很令人满意。,I found the boy,puzzled.,=The boy was found,puzzled,They heard him,singing,in the next room.,= He was heard,singing,in the next room.,I heard the song,sung,in English,= The song was heard,sung,in English.,4). 能用分词形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:,表示感觉和心理状态的动词, 常见的有see,hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at,listen to等。如：,I felt somebody,patting,me on the shoulder.,He observed the thief,beaten,by the passengers.,5) 表示指使意义的动词, 常见的有 have, set,keep, get, catch, leave等。如：,I wont,have,you,doing,that.,He,had,his money,stolen,on the bus.,I cant,get,the clock,going,again.,You wont,catch,me,doing,that again.,I found him,caught,in the rain.,We found many people,trapped,in the lift,see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式,和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：, 前者表示动作正在进行, 而后者表示,(或强调) 动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:,We passed by the classmates and saw,the teacher,making,the experiment.,我们走过教室, 看见老师在做实验。,(只在走过教室的刹那间, 看见老师正在做实验),We sat for an hour and watched the teacher,make,the experiment.,我们坐了一个小时, 看老师做实验。,(一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验), 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词, 动词不定式,短语表示一次动作, 而-ing形式则表示反复动作。,e.g. We heard the door,slam,.,We heard the door,slamming,.,(反复动作),(一次动作),现在分词作状语,现在分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须是,句子的主语, 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑,上的主谓关系, 否则不能用现在分词作状语。,但要注意它的各种形式变化:,主动形式 被动形式,V-ing being V-ed,having V-ed having been V-ed,一般式,完成式,e. g.,Hearing the bell, the students began to,enter the classroom.,听见铃声, 学生们开始走进教室。,(听见和进入两个动作同时发生),The building being built now is our new,library,. 现在正在建造的这栋楼房室我们,的新图书馆。,(being built为现在分词的被动,形式, 表示动作正在进行之中),Having done the work, he went home.,完成了工作, 他就回家了。,现在分词在句中作状语, 修饰谓语动词或,整个句子, 表示动作发生的,原因、时间、,方式、结果、条件、伴随状况,等。现在,分词,一般不用作表目的地状语,(通常用,不定式表目的地状语)。,Walking in the street, I came across an old,friend of mine.,(=When I was walking in the street, I came,across an old friend of mine.),While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of,China Daily.,(=While waiting for the bus,he read a copy of,China Daily.),1),表时间状语,2) 表原因状语,Being ill, he didnt go to school.,(=as he was ill, he didnt go to school.),Being a student, you should study hard.,(=Since you are a student, you should study hard.),既然你是一个学生, 你就应该努力学习,。,由于想到它或许在家, 所以我就给他打了电话。,Thinking he might be at home, I called him.,(As I thought he might be at home, I called him.),3)表方式、伴随情况的状语,: 作伴随状语的,分词表示的动作, 必须是,主语的一个动作,或是,与谓语所表示地动作(或状态)同时发生,或是,对谓语表示的动词(或状态)作进一步,地补充说明,。,e.g. He sat on the sofa, watching TV.,(=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.),他们笑着谈着走进了教室。,_ , they went into,the classroom.,他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。,He stood leaning against the wall.,(He stood and leaned against the wall.),Laughing and talking,4) 表结果,e.g. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her,with her younger brother.,(=Her mother died in 1990, and left her,with her younger brother.),全国到处在传唱这首歌曲, 使它成了一首,最受欢迎的歌曲。,The song is sung all over the country,_.,making it the most popular song,5) 表条件,Using your head, you will find a way.,(=If you use your head, you will find a way.),一直往前走, 你就会看到一座白色地房子。,_, you will see a white house.,Walking ahead,6) 与逻辑主语构成独立主格:,I waiting,for the bus, a bird fell on my heard,我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。,All the tickets having been sold out, they,went away disappointedly.,所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。,Time permitting, well do another two,exercises.,如果时间允许, 我们将做另两个练习。,有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格),+分词形式。,With the lights burning, he fell asleep.,他点着灯睡着了。,7)作独立成分:,J,udging from,(by) his appearance, he must,be an actor. 从外表看, 他一定是个演员。,1.,_ in the traffic accident _ taken to hospital.,A. An injured, was B. The injured, has,C. The injuring, were D. The injured, have been,2.,The _ look on the girls face suggested that she _ such bad news.,A. surprising, would expect,B. surprised, should expect,C. surprising, shouldnt have been expected,D. surprised, hadnt expected,3.,The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch.,A. referred to look,B. referred to looking,C. referred to looks,D. referring to looks,4.,It s a pay day，and they are waiting_.,pay B. paying C. paid,D. to be paid,5,.,The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16,th,century.,A.having written B. to be written,C. being written D. written,6,.,Youll find the word psychology_under P in your dictionary.,A.have listed B.list C.listed D.listing,7.,When we reached the village, we saw new houses_ up.,A.having been put B.putting C.being put D.had put,8,.,From the date _ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A.marking B.marked,C.to be marked D.having been marked,9,.,When I got back home I saw a message _ to the door, _ “Sorry to miss you, will come later.” A.sticking; reads B.stuck; read C.pinned; reading D.pinning; reading,10,.,Experts think that we need to eat meat because it contains vitamins and minerals _ in vegetables. A/not finding B/not to be found C/not found D/which is not found,11.,She felt rather,that she shouldnt drive the car at such a,speed.,A. frightening, frightening B. frightened, frightened,C. frightening, frightened D. frightened, frightening,12,.,The Olympic Games,in 776 B.C, did not include women players until 1912.,A. first playing B. to be first played,C. first played D. to be first playing,
展开阅读全文