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考点22 关系副词引导的定语从句高考频度：关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用介词which结构替换。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.媒体经常能够帮助解决问题，把注意力吸引到需要帮助的情况。关系代词和关系副词的选择用法依据根据从句谓语动词若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物动词则用关系副词。根据关系词在从句中作的成分把关系词放进定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；作状语则用关系副词。1.（2016天津卷）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【参考答案】D【试题解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。这是一个定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句缺少时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选D。【易错提醒】当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）2.Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which【参考答案】B【易错提醒】1. 当先行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。（定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用which/that，而不用where）2. 当position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导。如：Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。3. 关系副词why指原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason。Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help? 这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？3. Do you know the reason Mary is crying? A. whenB. whereC. whyD. that 【参考答案】C【易错提醒】若代替先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或which来引导定语从句。如：I wont listen to the reason that/which you have given us. 我坚决不听你给我们的那个理由。（定语从句中缺少宾语，所以要用which/that，而不用why）题组一 基础过关 I. 用适当的关系词填空1. Do you remember the scene _ Cao Cao and Liu Bei were drinking?2. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.3. I will never forget the days _ I was taken good care of in that village.4. Do you know the reason John is so angry?5. None of us know the reason _ Tom was absent from the meeting.6. The reason _ he explained at the meeting for his absence didnt make sense.7. I still remember the night _ she left the house.8. However, this was a time one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.9. Today we have reached a stage we have almost no rights at all.10. The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living.题组二能力提升1.Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which2.Do you know the reason Mary is crying? A. whenB. whereC. whyD. that 3.The latest trend is the A4 waist challenge women take photos with a A4-sized paper placed in front of their midriffs (上腹部).A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as4. The exact year_ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.A. When B. where C. why D. which5. Miss Li found herself in an embarrassing position she didnt know which side she should support. A. whereB. thatC. whichD. when6. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers I go. Its only $15.A. as B. which C. where D. that7. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.A. that B. where C. which D. whose8. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there题组三体验真题1.(2015北京)Opposite is St. Pauls Church, _ you can hear some lovely music.A. which B. that C. when D. where2.(2015陕西) As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.A. which B. where C. whom D. when3. (2014浙江)I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. A. when B. whereC. whichD. why4. (2015天津)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.A. where B. whichC. whenD. who题组一 基础过关 I. 用适当的关系词填空1. where2. where3. when 4. why5. why6. that/which7. when8. when9. where10. when题组二能力提升1.B 【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：用家犬做试验，试验中一只给了食物，而另一只没有，这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感。分析句子结构可知，先行词是Experiments，where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，相当于in which。故选B。4. D 【解析】句意：Angela和家人一起在中国度过的那年是2008年。这句话使用了定语从句，先行词是the exact year，定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词，后面缺少宾语，所以用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，而不能用关系副词。所以选D。5. A 【解析】先行词是an embarrassing position，所填词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。6. C【解析】答句前句句意为：你应该去我去的那家理发店尝试一下。where引导定语从句，在定语从句中作状语，并替代先行词the barbers(理发店)。其余选项不能在定语从句中作地点状语。Zx&xk7. B【解析】句意：斯蒂芬霍金认为，地球不大可能是有生命逐渐进化的唯一星球。先行词是planet，限制性定语从句中缺少地点状语，where在此处引导定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语。A、C和D三个选项都不能在从句中作状语。8. A【解析】where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。题组三 体验真题2.D 【解析】句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。3.A 【解析】这里先行词是the fifth grade，指的是时间；后面是when引导的定语从句。句意：我没有成为一个认真的攀登者，直到我上五年级的时候，那时我爬上去拿一个被挂在树上的风筝。分析句子结构可知，_ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree是定语从句，先行词是the fifth grade，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故选A。4. A 【解析】句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。 7
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