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Unit 8: Have you read Treasure Island yet?The Third Period（Section A, Grammar Focus Section B 1d）Teaching aims（教学目标）1掌握“现在进行时”的用法及其需要注意的要点；2. 能够结合“现在完成时”来运用本节课出现的新词汇和知识点。Key points （重点）：1. 要求掌握以下句式： Have you read Little Women yet? Has she read Treasure Island yet? She has already read more than 100 different books.2要求掌握以下词汇： （1）名词：fiction, technology, French, pop, rock, band（2）词组：science fiction （本节课的生词较少，而且单词的拼写比较简单，所以学生学起来不会感到困难，如果班级学生的水平较高，可以鼓励学生当堂掌握。）Difficulties（难点）：现在完成时的掌握Teaching steps（教学步骤）1. Review（复习）T: Lets review some of the language we learned yesterday. 1. 到达这个岛上 arrive on the island2. 带回来 bring back3. 放弃 give up4. 种水果和蔬菜 grow fruit and vegetables5. 一艘破的船 a broken ship6. 在那后不久 not long after that7. 一些食人肉者 some cannibals8. 给某人取名 name sb.教学设计说明：（温故而知新，词块翻译，务实且难度不大，关注学生对已学知识的掌握程度）2. Presentation（呈现新知识）T: Good job, everyone. Now, lets fill in the blanks to complete the sentences.（把Grammar Focus的句子挖空来复习，可以选择些基础较差的学生来做这些题。然后从这些句子中总结“现在完成时”的结构和用法）教学设计说明：这些句子都是上节课所学过的，既是复习，又为下一步“现在完成时”的结构及用法呈现做好铺垫；让基础稍差的学生来做这些题，也是兼顾他们的一种方式，检查他们的掌握程度。3. Grammar （语法总结）T: Who can tell me about the present perfect tense? How is it used? From the sentences you have just completed, can you tell me how the present perfect tense is formed and when it is used? （给学生2-3分钟的思考总结时间，然后让学生先说说自己的总结和发现，再给出完整的总结）1. 现在完成时的构成:（1）现在完成时是由助动词 “have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成； 肯定形式：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done 一般疑问句：have或has放于句首（2）助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围，它和主语 的人称、数要保持一致；（3）过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。2. 动词的过去分词的变化规律: A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同 cost cost cost B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同 bright brought brought think thought thought C. 原型与过去分词相同 come came comeD. 原形, 过去式和 过去分词完全不同 begin began begun E. 没有过去分词的动词 can could3. 现在完成时的用法：现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目 前产生的影响，即用过去发生的某个行 为来说明现在的某种情况。We are good friends. (现在的情况）I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）We have known each other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在） （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果，常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。 如：- Have you had lunch yet?- Yes, I have. Ive just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （后附练习，讲解单词 hear的用法）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981。 他自1981年，就在这儿教书。（可能还要 继续教） I havent seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever,never, three times等时间状语。如：我去过北京两次。 I have been to Beijing twice. （后附练习）4. “现在完成时”用法需要注意的地方：(1) have been (to)与have gone ( to)的区别： A. have been (to) 表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称； B. have gone (to) 表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称； C. 前者可与once, never, several times等连用，后 者则不能。 如：他们去过北京两次。 They have been to Beijing twice. He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。 （后附练习）（2）表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，用现在完成时，要加表示一段时间的时间状语时，常用 for一段时间, since时间点。如：我从小就一直住在这里。 I have lived here since my childhood.我在这已经住了10年了。 I have lived here for 10 years. （3）在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用 how long How long have you lived here? 注意：在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，时态使用是不一样的。 如： 去年夏天我在这里住了一周。 I lived here for a week last summer. 到现在为止，我已经在这里住了一周。 I have lived here for a week by now. 明年我会在这里住一周。 I will live here for a week next year.5. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：（1）现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系，动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。 I have just been to London. I went there last month. （2）现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作。 （3）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in 1980, in October, just now 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight, this April, now, once, before, already, recently, lately 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always6. 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如：live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有：come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 7. 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （错） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. （对）（后附练习，同时以超链接的方式讲解练习里面的知识点：fiction, technology, French, cant wait to do sth.)教学设计说明：先让学生自己总结，老师再补充，给学生思考的时间，而不是单纯的知识灌输；语法的呈现，边呈现边讲解，附带句子的对比及翻译，还有趁热打铁的练习题，有讲有练，有助于学生理解内化这一要点；以超链接的方式讲解知识点，碰到知识点就讲解，及时处理，学生易于理解接受。4. Work on 4bT: Now, lets turn to page 60 and look at Activity 4b. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets.5. Before listeningL：Look at the screen. Do you know those guys?Ss: One Direction!L: Yes! Do you like them? Are they your favorite singers?Ss: （EXO的图片）T: It seems that you like those singers and dancers very much. Who is your favorite singer or musician? Ss: T: Listening to music is a good way to relax, right? So what kind of music do you know and like?Ss: Pop music 流行音乐Rock and roll 摇滚乐 Classical music 古典音乐Light music 轻音乐Blues 蓝调音乐Folk music 民族音乐Jazz 爵士Hip hop (R&B) 说唱 （节奏蓝调）Country music 乡村音乐（展示音乐种类）教学设计说明：听力前的词汇输入与知识输入对接下来的听力很有必要；音乐种类的适当拓展能够增强课堂趣味性，吸引学生注意力。6. ListeningT: Now lets turn to page 61. Look at 1b and listen to a conversation between Alex and Dave. Write A for Alex or D for Dave next to each opinion.(听完集体核对答案)T: Look at 1c. Listen again and take notes. Write in the following chart.Band nameCountry Number of people in the bandKind of musicWhy Alex and Dave like to listen to this band Alex： Dave：（听完核对答案，可叫学生逐个回答）教学设计说明：听力设计是由易到难，先听主干，再处理细节。7. After listeningT: We have listened to the conversation twice. Now lets retell the conversation. Refer to the notes in your chart or try to recall what you heard.Alex and Dave _ like to listen to the band_. Its a _ band from California, in _. There are _ people in the band and they are all _ boys. They have already made _ CDs. They are playing _ music, but it sounds like more like _. Alex likes their music because its loud and _ energy. When he listens to it, he feels _. Dave likes their music because it will _ and make him happy for _ the day!（学生一起做）T: Now turn to page 106. Read the tapescript.(先集体朗读或者个人以最快的速度朗读听力原文，然后挑出对话中的知识点讲解，边学边讲)(1) called: named(2) hear of: 听说(3) start doing sth.(4) in America: in the United States(5) teenage: adj. 青少年的(6) full of energy: filled with energy(7) wake sb. up 叫醒某人教学设计说明：这个环节是对听力材料的学习，复述对学生能力有一定的要求，可以很好检验学生是否在课堂上达到本个环节的学习目标。同时深度挖掘听力材料，而不是听完就算了。8. ReportT: I know some of you like reading, some of you like listening to music, and some of you like watching movies. So which book, song or movie do you think is the best one?T: Have a conversation with your partner and take notes in the chart. Then make a report. You Your friendComments Books I have already readMovies I have already seenSongs I have already heardSample:I like reading a lot. Ive already read Kite Runner and The Time Travelers Wife. I think the stories are very exciting. I cant stop reading because I want to know what happens next. The movies Ive already seen are Big Fish and The Lord of the Rings. Big Fish is about a fathers love and its really moving. The Lord of the Rings makes me feel like I can get through any problem in life. Ive also already heard 突然的自我. It is about the ups and downs in life. I really like the melody.As for my friend, she .教学设计说明：这个环节先运用所学进行对话，然后做report，是对语言的综合运用输出，能锻炼体现学生的语言掌握和运用能力。8. Summary(1) The Present Perfect Tense a. 什么是“现在完成时态”？ b. 动词过去分词的变化规律。 c. “现在完成时态”的用法。 d. 使用“现在完成时”需要注意的地方。 e. “现在完成时”与“一般过去时”的区别。(2) 学会使用“现在完成时”描述身边的人或事。9. Homework(1) Review the Present Perfect Tense(2) Write your report.
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