倒装和反义疑问句的讲解课件

倒装倒装(inversion)倒装倒装(inversion)英语最基本的词序是“主主语+谓语动词”通常十分固定。如果把谓语动词放在主放在主语前面前面，这就叫做倒装。将谓语动词完全移至主语之前，称为完全倒装；如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，称为部分倒装。1）完全倒装(completeinversion)Outrushed the boy.Thencame the students.2）部分倒装(partialinversion)Is the young worker cleaning the machine?Has he come?Will you go to the library with us?全部倒装全部倒装1Therebe句型在这句型中，谓语动词除be外，还有：exist,lie,appear,seem,remain,stand,live等，可以把它们看作是be的异体词。ThereisaletterforyoufromJim.Therearesomechangesintheprintedprogramme.TherellbethousandsoffootballfansinAtlantathisweekend.Thereremainsonematterstilltobediscussed.Itishighlyprobablethatthereexistanynumberofsystemsresemblingourownsolarsystem.2.当hence,here,there,then,now,thus等词置于句首时Nowcomesyourturn.Herecomesthebus!Thusendedthisexperiment.Thetownwasbuiltonthesideofahill:hence(comes)thenameHillside.注意：如主语为人称代词,不用倒装结构。例如:a.Hereshecomes.b.Hereitis.Then_theCivilWar.A.didfollowB.followedC.doesfollowD.followingThere_atthetopofthehill.A.standsaweatherstationB.aweatherstationstandsC.doesaweatherstationstandD.isaweatherstationstandAB3.为了使描述生动形象，增强语言的印象效果，可将某些表示方向、方位的副词如down,up,out,in,off,away等置于句首，用全倒装。例如：a.Awayflewthepigeons.鸽子飞了。b.Bangwentthefirecracker.c.Thedoorburstopenandinrushedthecrowd.d.Downcamethehammerandoutflewthesparks注意：如果主语是人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置则不变，只将副词放在句首。如：Outherushed.他冲了出去。Roundandround_.A.flewtheplaneB.theplaneflewC.didtheplaneflyD.wastheplaneflyingUp_.A.hisballwentB.wentitC.didhegoD.hecameAD4.在不带在不带if的虚拟条件状语从句的虚拟条件状语从句,谓语动词是谓语动词是be的句子里。如：的句子里。如：Were I in your position,I would ask him about the matter.部分倒装部分倒装1疑问倒装：一般为半倒装Doyoulikethenewhouse?Areyougoingwithus?Cantyouwalkalittlefaster?但是，疑问词作主语或疑问词作主语的定语时，句子不倒装。Whoisreallyagainstthisplan?Whichchoiceisthebest?2.当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，一般引起局部倒装。常见的词和短语有：hardly,little,never,notuntil,rarely,seldom,nowhere,innoway,atnotime,innocase,bynomeans,hardly(scarcely/barely)when,nosoonerthan等。例如：a.Seldomdowegoforpicnics.b.InnocircumstanceswillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.c.Nosoonerhadwereachedthestationthanthetrainwasoff.d.Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulplace.NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulplace.1.Notasingleword_atthemeetingsofar.A.didshesayB.saidsheC.hasshesaidD.shehassaid2.Seldom_anymistakesduringmypastfewyearsofworkinghere.A.wouldImakeB.didImakeC.IdidmakeD.shallImake3.Bynomeans_succeedingettingthefirstplace.A.theycanB.cantheyC.theycouldD.havetheyCBB3.句首状语若由“only+副词”、“only+介词词组”、“only+状语从句”构成，也可引起局部倒装。Onlyyesterdaydidhefindoutthathiswatchwasmissing.Onlythroughsheerluckdidhemanagetogetsometickets.Onlybecausethereweresomecancelledbookingsdidhegetsometicketsintheend.Onlybyworkinghardcanwesucceed.注意：only如不在句首，或only修饰的不是状语，则不倒装。如：Thecontractwassignedonlyafterbitternegotiations.（改成倒装：Onlyafterbitternegotiationswasthecontractsigned.）Onlytheseniorstaffareallowedtousethisroom.Onlyfivepassengerssurvivedtheaccident.Onlybypractisingafewhourseveryday_beabletouseit.A.youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyouOnlyinthisway_theproblems.A.youcansolve B.canyousolveC.yousolveD.didyousolveDB5.notuntil当notuntil句式转换成notuntil且置于句首时，其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturydidmanknowwhatheatis.注意：在复合句中，只有主句用倒装，until引导的从句不倒装。如：Notuntilheloseshishealthwillhegiveupdrinking.4.notonlybutalso当notonlybutalso句式的notonly部分置于句首时，前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装，第二个分句则不倒装。_snacksanddrinksbuttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.A.NotonlytheybroughtB.NotonlydidtheybringC.NotonlybroughttheyD.NotonlytheydidbringB1.NotuntilIbegantowork_howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didntIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.IdidntrealizeD.Irealized2._enteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhisreport.A.HehardlyhadB.HadhehardlyC.HardlyhadheD.HardlydidheBC6.用于以副词so,neither,nor开头,表示“某人也这样”一类概念的句子。1)so用于肯定句，代替上文中的形容词，名词或动词,通常指前面所说的肯定情况也适用于其他人(或物)，结构为:So+be,do,have+主语.例如:IcanspeakEnglish.SocanmybrotherSocietyhaschangedandsohavethepeopleinit.Coalisundertheground,andsoisoil.Hesawit,andsodidI.注意：如果不是表示情况的适合，而是表示对前面的句子内容的同意或肯定，则不能用倒装句。例如：Heisagoodteacher,soheis.2)neither,nor用于否定句，通常指前面所说的否定情况，也适用于其他人（或物），结构为：Neither(nor)+be,do,have+主语。例如：Youcantdoit,neither/norcanI.“Didyouseethat?”“No”“NeitherdidI”.注意：Nor用于否定句中，承接前面的语气进行进一步否定时，否定的事情一般和前边的并不一致，这一点和neither的用法是不同的。例如：Hecannotsee,norcouldhehearuntilonemonthago.Iwontarrivetoday.Nortomorrow.1.Wedontneedairconditioning,_.A)norcanweafforditB)andnorwecanafforditC)neithercanafforditD)andwecanneitherafford2.“DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother?”“Ididntknow,_.”A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idontcareneither D.IdontcarealsoAB7.So/Suchthat的倒装形式的倒装形式在在So(such)that结构中，如果构中，如果so或或such在句首，在句首，通常也会用倒装通常也会用倒装结构。例如构。例如:a.SobusywasIthatIhadnotimetohavelunch.b.Such(=sohot)wastheweatherthatIcouldnotgoout.c.Sofastdoeslighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.d.Tosuchanextentdidthetemperaturerisethatthefiremanhadtoleavetheburninghouse.1._thathecouldntspeak.A.SoangryhewasB.SoangrywasheC.SuchangrywasheD.Sowasheangry2.Such_.A.wasthathesaidB.waswhathesaidC.werewhathesaidD.iswhathesaidBB8.用于以were,had,should等词开头的虚拟条件句（即省略了if的虚拟条件句）例如：a.Had I known it earlier,I would not have made the mistake.b.Were she here,we would be able to get some good advice.c.Should you go to Shanghai with me,let me know.9.在某些表达祝愿的句子里用倒装，例如：在某些表达祝愿的句子里用倒装，例如：a.Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！祝你成功！b.Sobeit!但愿如此！但愿如此！9.英英语中有的中有的让步状步状语从句可用从句可用as,though等引等引起的倒装起的倒装结构表示，其构表示，其结构构为:“形容形容词（副（副词，动词，分，分词)+as(though)+主主语+谓语”。a.Youngthoughsheis,sheiscourageous.b.MuchasIlikeplayingfootball,Ilikeswimmingbetter.c.Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.反反义疑疑问句句TheDisjunctiveQuestion1.反反意疑意疑问句的答句的答语在回答反意疑问句时，应根据事实来回答，如果事实是肯定的，前面要用yes,否则用no。如：-Youarenotgoingouttoday,areyou?你今天不出去，是吗？-No,Iamnot.是的，我今天不出去。-Georgewasnttherethatday,washe?乔治那天不在那里，对吧？-No,hewasnt.对，他不在。1.构成构成反意疑反意疑问句句时应注意的注意的问题：1)当当陈述部分的主述部分的主语是是everybody,everyone,someone,noone,nobody,somebody等不定代等不定代词时，反意疑反意疑问句部分中的主句部分中的主语常用常用they(有有时也可用也可用he.)如：NobodyphonedwhileIwasout,didthey?Everyonehasbeenthere,haventthey?Somebodyborrowedmypenyesterday,didntthey?Noonewashurt,washe?2)当当陈述部分的主语是陈述部分的主语是everything,anything,nothing,something等表物的不定代词时，反意等表物的不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语常用疑问部分的主语常用it.如：Everything has been done on how to prevent the pollution,hasnt it?Nothing is wrong with the machine,is it?Nothing can stop us now,can it?3)当当陈述部分的主述部分的主语是是one时，反意疑，反意疑问部分的部分的主主语常用常用one或或you。如：Onecantbetoocareful,canone/you?一个人越认真越好，是吧？Oneshouldstudyhard,shouldntone/you?一个人应当认真学习，是吗？4)当当陈述部分的主述部分的主语是是man(人人类)时，反意疑，反意疑问部分的主部分的主语常用常用he。如：Manisthemasterofhisownfate,isnthe?人类是自己命运的主宰，是吗？5)当陈述部分是当陈述部分是there be结构时，结构时，反意疑问部分用反意疑问部分用there,省略主语代词省略主语代词。如：There is something wrong with the machine,is there?There wont be any trouble,will there?There used to be a shop,didnt there?6)当当陈述部分含有述部分含有seldom,hardly,never,rarely,few,little,nowhere,nothing等否定等否定词或半否定或半否定词时，反意疑，反意疑问部分的部分的动词应用肯定形式用肯定形式。如：Sheseldomgoestothecinema,_?Fewpeopleknowhim,_?Bobrarelygotdrunk,_?HehasneverbeentoLondon,_?Theycanhardlyunderstandit,_?doesshedotheycantheyhashedidhe7)当陈述部分中含有im,in,dis,un等否定前缀或less等否定后缀时，应把陈述部分看成是肯定的，反意疑问部分要用否定式。如：Hewasunsuccessful,wasnthe?Thismeetingisunimportant,isntit?Yourmotherdislikesseeingyouwithme,doesntshe?Heisunfamiliarwiththistypeofcomputer,isnthe?8)当陈述部分是Im结构时，反意疑问部分常用arentI;当陈述部分是Iamnot时，反意疑问部分要用amI。例如：Iamlate,arentI?Imnotdoingwell,amI?9)当陈述部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代词通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。如：ShesaysthatIdidit,_?Heneversaidhewouldcome,_?Ifyoudontstartearly,youwillbelate,_?Hetoldyouthathehadwatchedthefootballmatch,_?Peterbelievesthathisdreamwillcometruesomeday,_?doesnthedoesntshedidhewontyoudidnthe10)当陈述部分的主句是Isuppose,Ithink,Ibelieve,Iimagine等结构时，反意疑问部分往往与从句保持一致，而且要注意否定转移。如：Isupposethatsheiscareful,_?Ithinkheisathief,_?Idontbelieveshehasgonehome,_?Idontthinkhecandoitwell,_?Idontbelieveyoucanfinishthejob,_?isntshecanyoucanhehassheisnthe11)当陈述部分含有have，而且have作“有”解时，反意疑问部分用have或助动词do来完成；如果陈述部分中的have是实义动词，则反意疑问部分应需借助助动词do来完成。如：Hehasntalotoftimetospare,hashe?Theyhadmilkandbreadforbreakfast,didntthey?Youallhadagoodtime,didntyou?Mikeoftenhasacold,doesnthe?12)当陈述部分的谓语动词包括haveto,hadto时，反意疑问部分通常用do的适当形式。如：Youhadtotaketheearlybus,didntyouWehavetodoit,dontwe?Hehastolookafterthechild,doesnthe?Theyhadtokeepquiet,didntthey13)当陈述部分含有情态动词usedto时，反意疑问部分可用usedto形式或did形式。如：Heusedtosmokethreecigarettesaday,didnt/usednthe?Heusedtogetuplate,didnt/usednthe?Weusedtoworkinthesameworkshop,didnt/usedntwe?14）当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分常用will you.如：Help me to do it,will you?Dont go there,will you?Be quiet,will you?注意：Lets 和Let us都表示“让我们”，但用法上不同。前者包括听话人，后者不包括听话人。正因如此，它们的反意疑问句的形式常常不同：以Lets 开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用shall we.以Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用will you.如：Lets go skating,shall we?Let us have a look at your book,will you?15）当陈述句部分含hadbetter/best,wouldliketo,wouldrather等约定俗成特殊短语时，反意疑问部分应保留第一个词。如：Hehadbetterdomorespeaking,hadnthe?Youwouldliketodoit,wouldntyou?16）当陈述句部分是强调句或类似强调句的结构时，反意疑问部分常和句首的Itis/was保持一致。如：Itwasinaparkthatyoumethim,wasntit?Itisthefirsttimethathehasgonethere,isntitItistenyearssincehejoinedthearmy,isntit?17）当陈述句部分为感叹句时，反意疑问句部分常用否定形式，且问句部分的动词常用be.如：Whatahandsomemanheis,isnthe?Whatacoldday,isntit?18）当陈述部分含有情态动词must,may,cant,且表示推测时，反意疑问部分不能用must,may,cant自身，应和后面的实义动词保持一致；a.must/may/cant+do表示对现在情况的推测，反意疑问部分用一般现在时。如：HemustbeMr.Chen,isnthe?HecantbeMr.Chen,ishe?Hemustbeverytired,isnthe?b.must/may/cant+havedone+过去时间状语，表示对过去情况的推测，反意疑问部分常用一般过去时。如：Hemusthavestayedathomeyesterday,didnthe?(相当于:IthinkhestayedathomeyesterdayYoumusthaveseenthefilmlastweek,didntyou?(相当于：Ithinkyousawthefilmlastweek.)c.must/may/cant+havedone,反意疑问部分常用现在完成时。如：Youmusthavemethimbefore,haventyou?YoumayhavebeentoTibet,haventyou?Hecanthaveknownthenews,hashe?19)当当陈述部分含有情述部分含有情态动词oughtto时，反意疑，反意疑问部分常用部分常用oughtnt(有有时也可用也可用shouldnt.)如：Thechildoughttobepunished,oughtnthe?Yououghtnttocriticizeher,oughtyou?