专四词汇语法课件

专四四语言知言知识Dorothy1a专四语言知识Dorothy1an题型特点：型特点：*总共20题，分值20分，时间10分钟*语法题10道，词汇题10道*语法居前，词汇居后2a题型特点：2an小小练：n62.Overpopulationposesaterriblethreattothehumanrace.Yetitisprobably_athreattothehumanracethanenvironmentaldestruction.(2007专四）A.nomoreB.notmoreC.evenmoreD.muchmorenHeisnomorediligentthanhisbrother.nHeisnotmorediligentthanhisbrother.nHeisnolessdiligentthanhisbrother.和和一一样不不不超不超过，不比，不比更更不不亚于，和于，和一一样Heisnomorethanaworker.(just)Notmorethan5studentspassedtheexam.(atmost)3a小练：和一样不不超过，不比更不亚于，和一样He比如：词汇题n58.Weshouldmakeaclear_betweencompetentandproficientforthepurposesofourdiscussion.（2000）A.separationB.divisionC.distinctionD.differencen56.Beingcolour-blind,Sallycantmakea_betweenredandgreen.（2001）A.differenceB.distinctionC.comparisonD.divisionn63.Duringthesummerholidayseasonitisdifficulttofinda(n)_roominthehotelshere.(2002)A.emptyB.vacantC.freeD.desertedn60.Duringthesummerholidayseasonthereareno_roomsinthisseasidehotel.（2003）A.emptyB.blankC.desertedD.vacant4a比如：词汇题58.Weshouldmakean57.Jimmyearnshislivingby_worksofartinthemuseum.（2004）A.recoveringB.restoringC.renewingD.revivingn67Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto_theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendour.（2006）ArefreshingBrestoringCrenovatingDrenewingn80Thecouplehasdonatedanot_amountofmoneytothefoundation.（2006）AinconsiderableBinconsiderateCinaccurateDincomparablen67.Ontheroadmotoristsshouldbeawareofcyclistsandbe_towardsthem.（2008）A.considerableB.consideringC.considerateD.considered5a57.Jimmyearnshislivingby_n62.Heplaystennistothe_ofallothersports.（2004）A.eradicationB.exclusionC.extensionD.inclusionn68.Thebarintheclubisforthe_useofitsmembers.（2007）A.extensiveB.exclusiveC.inclusiveD.comprehensivenexclusive news/report/store /club nAre we exclusive?6a62.Heplaystennistothe_语法题n53.She_fiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherataconference.(2009)A.hadbeenB.mustbeC.hasbeenD.musthavebeenn56.She_fiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherattheconference.（2007）A.mustbeB.hadbeenC.couldbeD.musthavebeenn51._atinthisway,thepresenteconomicsituationdoesntseemsogloomy.（2000）A.LookingB.LookedC.HavinglookedD.Tolookn64._atinhisway,thesituationdoesntseemsodesperate.（2007）A.LookingB.LookedC.BeinglookedD.Tolook7a语法题53.She_fiftyorsn45.Intellectistothemind_sightistothebody.（2001）A.whatB.asC.thatD.liken53.Nineistothree_threeistoone.（2008）A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what专四特殊句型：四特殊句型：A is to B what C is to DWateristofishwhatairistoman.8a45.Intellectistothemind让步状语从句特殊句型as 引引导让步从句，要求用倒装步从句，要求用倒装结构，把构，把强调的部分置于句首。的部分置于句首。n48.Fool_Janeis,shecouldnothavedonesuchathing.（2002）A.whoB.asC.thatD.liken49._Ilikeeconomics,Ilikesociologymuchbetter.（2003）A.AsmushasB.SomuchC.HowmuchD.Muchasn55._hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.（2008）A.MuchthoughB.MuchasC.AsmuchD.Thoughmuch9a让步状语从句特殊句型as引导让步从句，要求用倒装结构，把专四四语法法总结：n虚虚拟语气气 n时态与与语态n主主谓一致一致n非非谓语动词n情情态动词n定定语从句从句 （+状状语从句从句+名名词性从句）性从句）n反反义疑疑问句句n专四特色短四特色短语+句型句型10a专四语法总结：10an虚虚拟语气气11a虚拟语气11a条件句中的虚条件句中的虚拟语气气12a条件句中的虚拟语气12an例句：例句：About marriagenIfyouhadmarriedmebefore,youwouldnothavegonethroughsuchadifficultperiod.(过去）nIfIwereyou,Iwouldmarrytheguyinfrontofyou.（现在）nIfIwereamanintheafterworld,Iwouldmarryagirlexactlylikemyself.（将来）nIfthesunwereto/shouldriseinthewesttomorrow,Iwouldthinkaboutmarryingyou.（将来）13a例句：Aboutmarriage13an错综条件句：条件句：当条件状当条件状语从句表示的行从句表示的行为和主句表示的行和主句表示的行为所所发生的生的时间不一致不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相作相应调整。整。如：nIftheyhadworkedhard,theywouldbeverytirednow.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)nIfyouhadmarriedmebefore，youwouldnothavegonethroughsuchadifficultperiod.nIfyouhadmarriedmebefore，youwouldbeveryhappynow.14a错综条件句：14an虚虚拟句通常可句通常可省略省略if，变换形式，即形式，即“were/had/should+主主语”。n例句：例句：nIfyouhadmarriedmebefore,youwouldnothavegonethroughsuchadifficultperiod.nIfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeit.nIfIhadtimerightnow,Iwouldgowithyou.nIfitwereto/shouldraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.15a虚拟句通常可省略if，变换形式，即“were/had/n宾语从句从句中中：insist,suggest,require,request,demand,propose,maintain,recommend,等动词表建议、愿望时，其后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气-Should+Vn主主语从句从句中中：Itis+adj.that句型中出现形容词如necessary,vital,imperative,critical,crucial,urgent,strange,disappointing,或过去分词充当的形容词如suggested,proposed,advised,demanded,requested,required等时，that句中用should+V表示虚拟。16a宾语从句中：insist,suggest,requiren 定定语从句从句中。中。n常用句型常用句型“It is(high)time(that)”中，定中，定语从句的从句的谓语动词用用一般一般过去去时(be用用were)ItstimethatIpickedupmydaughter.Itshightimewewenttobed.17a定语从句中。17an让步状步状语从句从句中中 be or nBeitfineorrainy,wewouldhavethesportsmeeting.=Whetherit(may)befineorrainy,wewouldhavethesportsmeeting.nOurcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledgebeitscientificorartistic.42._,Iwouldmarryhimallthesame.(2004)A.WasherichorpoorB.WhetherrichorpoorC.WereherichorpoorD.Beherichorpoor18a让步状语从句中beor42._,n在在if only引引导的的感感叹句句中。中。IfonlyIwereabird.（现在）IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.(过去）19a19anWhats more?nwas(were)+tohavedone（不定式完成式）表示“原来想做而未做”后面通常but（陈述语气）。nEg.Iwastohavearrivedhomeontime,butmycarwasheldupbyabadtrafficjam.55.Lindawas_theexperimentamonthagobutshechangedhermindatthelastminute.（2007）A.tostartB.tohavestartedC.tobestartingD.tohavebeenstarting20aWhatsmore?55.Lindawas_n回想回想总结n三三时间n一交叉一交叉n一省略一省略n五句子五句子n一特殊一特殊21a回想总结21an真真题展示：展示：n49.Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere_quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.（2000）A.werentB.hasntbeenC.hadntbeenD.wouldntben50._forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.（2002）A.HaditnotbeenB.HadntitbeenC.WasitnotD.Wereitnot22a真题展示：22an51.“Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?”“Idontknow.Butitsabouttime_onsomething.”（2002）A.IddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.Imdecidingn44._ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?（2004）A.WouldyoubesurprisedB.WereyousurprisedC.HadyoubeensurprisedD.Wouldyouhavebeensurprised23a51.“Whatcoursesareyougoin51.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he_abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.（2005）A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.weren60.Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe_us.Ithinkitshightimewe_strongactionsagainsthim.（2005）A.betrayedtakeB.hadbetrayedtookC.hasbetrayedtookD.hasbetrayedtake24a51.Ifyouexplainedthesituan52.IfonlyI_playtheguitaraswellasyou!（2006）AwouldBcouldCshouldDmightn54Itshightimewe_cuttingdowntherainforests.(2006)AstoppedBhadtostopCshallstopDstopn59Itisimperativethatthegovernment_moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.(2006)AattractsBshallattractCattractDhasto25a52.IfonlyI_playthegun54.Ifonlythepatient_adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibodieshemightstillbealivenow.(2007)A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceivingn65.ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliam_hisstudyinspiteoflearningdifficulties.(2007)A.willcontinueB.continuedC.continueD.continues26a54.Ifonlythepatient_an52.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she_muchbetterresultsnow.(2008)A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldgetn52.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_mucheasiertolearn.(2009)A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.willbeD.wouldhavebeen27a52.HadJudybeenmorecarefuln60.Itisnecessarythathe_theassignmentwithoutdelay.(2010)A.handinB.handsinC.musthandinD.hastohandinn61.Itsgettinglate.Idratheryou_now.(2011)A.leftB.leaveC.areleavingD.willleave28a60.Itisnecessarythathe_n54.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood?(2013)A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5oclock.B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.C.Walkstraightahead,anddontturntillthesecondtrafficlights.D.PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.29a54.Whichofthefollowingsenn63.Ifit_tomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.(2013)A.weretorainB.wastorainC.wasrainingD.hadrainedn51.Itisessentialthathe_allthefactsfirst.(2014)A.isexaminingB.willexamineC.examinesD.examine30a63.Ifit_tomorrow,thn58.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyourlawyer,he_abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2015)（对比2005)A.willbeB.wasC.wouldbeD.were31a58.Ifyouexplainedthesituan时态32a时态32an基本基本时态：n一般现在、n一般过去、n一般将来、n现在进行、n过去进行、n将来进行、n现在完成、n过去完成、n将来完成、n现在完成进行、n过去完成进行时、n过去将来、33a基本时态：33an基本基本时态：n一般现在、n一般过去、n一般将来、n现在进行、n过去进行、n将来进行、n现在完成、n过去完成、n将来完成、n现在完成进行、n过去完成进行时、n过去将来、Iwasdoingtheshoppingthismomentyesterday.IwillbeflyingovertheAtlanticthismomenttomorrow.ThetrainhadgonebeforeIarrived.Theconstructionofbridgehadbeencompletedbytheyear2007.Theconstructionofbridgewillhavebeencompletedbytheyear2010.IhavebeenlearningEnglishfor10years.34a基本时态：Iwasdoingtheshoppingn真真题展示：展示：n43.Forsometimenow,worldleaders_outthenecessityforagreementonarmsreduction.（2002）A.hadbeenpointingB.havebeenpointingC.werepointingD.pointedn42.Jack_fromhomefortwodaysnow,andIambeginningtoworryabouthissafety.(2003)A.hasbeenmissingB.hasbeenmissedC.hadbeenmissingD.wasmissed35a真题展示：35a54.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,which_thePacific,andwemetnostorms.（1999）AwascalledBiscalledChadbeencalledDhasbeencalled52.I_ping-pongquitewell,butIhaventhadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.(1998)A.willplay B.haveplayedC.playedD.play说明明：常常识告告诉我我们，一个人一旦，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在在时。36a说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期n63.InhisplaysShakespeare_hischaracterslivethroughtheirlanguage.（2008）A.wouldmakeB.hadmadeC.madeD.makesn62.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt_forLondontoattendameeting.(1999)A.willleaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.leftn55Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe_impossibletocomprehend.(2006)AhasfoundBwasfindingChadfoundDwouldfind37a63.InhisplaysShakespeare_n46.AIDSissaid_thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsinthatregion.(2002)A.beingB.tobeC.tohavebeenD.havingbeennProfessorJohnsonissaid_somesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear.(1999)A.havingmadeB.makingC.tohavemade D.tomaken60.Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe_us.Ithinkitshightimewe_strongactionsagainsthim.(2005)A.betrayedtakeB.hadbetrayedtookC.hasbetrayedtookD.hasbetrayedtake38a46.AIDSissaid_thenumb附加附加习题1.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasntstoppedringing.People_toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning2.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange说明明：选择移移动电话难的原因是由于科技的原因是由于科技正在正在飞速速发展，展，所以要用所以要用现在在进行行时；况且；况且进行行时态常常给人一种情感上的人一种情感上的描述，表示描述，表示说话者的一种者的一种“感慨、感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥怒、斥责”等。等。39a附加习题说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在飞速发展，所3.-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.-Iamtired.I_thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted4.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy_goingbacktoschool,butshehasntdecidedyet.AhadconsideredBhasbeenconsideringCconsideredDisgoingtoconsider说明明：这句句话的意思是的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在在完成完成进行行时表示表示从从过去开始的一个去开始的一个动作一直持作一直持续到到现在，在，而且而且还在在进行当中行当中。强调的是的是“一直在做一直在做”。说明：明：她她“一直在考一直在考虑返校返校”是是现在完成在完成进行行时，“还没作决定没作决定”是是现在的在的结果。果。40a3.-Hi,Tracy,youlooktir5.Thelittlegirl_herheartoutbecauseshe_hertoybearandbelievedshewasntevergoingtofindit.A.hadcried,lostB.cried,hadlostC.hascried,haslostD.cries,haslost6.Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.Oh!Ithoughtthey_withoutme.AwentBaregoingChavegoneDhadgone说明明：哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。说明明：“他没叫我就走了”这个动作明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。41a5.Thelittlegirl_herhe7.-Youveleftthelighton.-Oh,soIhave._andturnitoff.A.IllgoB.IvegoneC.IgoD.Imgoing说明明：will和begoingto的区别8.DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?Oh,no,Iforgot.I_hernow.AwillbecallingBwillcallCcallDamtocall42a说明：will和begoingto的区别8.9.ThisisTedsphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_whentryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilled D.waskilling10.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho_forthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblame说明明：不要被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽，在地震中抢救小孩并献身的动作只能在过去。说明明：betoblame是固定结构，不能用被动语态。该句是一个强调句型。43a9.ThisisTedsphoto.Wemisn主主谓一致一致44a主谓一致44an大大总结：nagreatmany+可数名词复数谓语用复数nmanya+可数名词单数谓语用单数nanumberof+可数名词复数谓语用复数nthenumberof+可数名词复数谓语用单数nthemajorityof+可数名词复数谓语用复数neach/every+可数名词单数谓语用单数nneither/eitherof+可数名词复数谓语用单数nmorethanone+可数名词单数谓语用单数noneandahalf+可数名词复数谓语用单数45a大总结：45an临近原近原则nEither or nNeither.NornNot only but also nNot butnThere ben非非临近原近原则n as well asn with n together withn along with n rather than n besides 改改错！1.Thepresidentofthecompany,togetherwiththeworkerswhocomefromAmerica,areplanningaconferenceforthepurposeofsolvingthefinancialproblems.2.Thereareapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.3.Eithertheprincipalorhisassistantsistoattendthemeeting.4.Theteacheraswellasthestudentslikethispainting.46a临近原则非临近原则改错！46an集体名集体名词ncattle、folk、people、youth、police（通常用作复数）Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.ThepeoplewhomyoumetinthecampusyesterdayarefromEngland.narmy,audience、class、club、committee、company、crowd、family、party、staff、team（根据意思决定单数、复数）ThecommitteemeeteveryMonday.Heisonthecommitteethatcontrolspublicspending.Hisfamilyisntverylarge.(对比Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.)47a集体名词47an表示时间、重量、重量、长度、距离、价度、距离、价值等单位的名词以及概念上属于整体的一个单元的名词虽然形式上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。Tenyearsisonlyamomentinhistory.Twocopiesisenough.Threehoursisnotalongtimetowait.48a48an书名、名、电影名或格言影名或格言等专有名词做主语,如果主语是一本书的名字、电影的名字或一个格言等专有名词，谓语动词用单数。“Gone with the Wind”is an interesting novel.“The Scent of a Woman”is an awarded film.No Pains,No Gains is a widely quoted proverb.49a书名、电影名或格言等专有名词做主语,如果主语是一本书的名字、n学科名词做主语,表示学科名称的名词如physics,mathematics,economics,politics,electronics,statistics做主语，虽然形式上以复数结尾,但应为单数,谓语动词多用单数。Inmyopinion,physicsisadifficultsubject.Politicsisaninterestingtopicformanymen.50a学科名词做主语,表示学科名称的名词如physics,mat并列并列结构作主构作主语时的主的主谓一致一致Eggandmilkisagoodbreakfast.(这里的鸡蛋和牛奶都指一顿早饭，不可分割)Fishandchips(炸鱼土豆片)isapopularsupperhere.当and连接的并列名词词组带有each,every或者manya等限定词时，随后动词常用单数Manyamanandwomaninthiscommunityfindshimselforherselfinneed.Everyboyandgirlintheclassisgivenacopyofthephoto.主语后跟有由asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,aswellas,inadditionto,with,alongwith,togetherwith,except等引导的结构或词组，取决于主语本身形式。51a并列结构作主语时的主谓一致EggandmilkisanWhats more?nHeisoneofthestudentsinourclasswho(have/has)passedtheCET-4.nHeisthe only oneofthestudentsinourclasswho(have/has)passedtheCET-6.52aWhatsmore?52an真真题展示展示：n62Thestatistics_thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.(2006)AprovesBisprovingCareprovingDproveStatisticsisnotasdifficultassomepeoplethink.n52.All the Presidents Men_oneoftheimportantbooksforhistorianswhostudytheWatergateScandal.(2007)A.remainB.remainsC.remainedD.isremaining53a真题展示：53an50.Itisfutiletodiscussthematterfurther,because_goingtoagreeuponanythingtoday.(2003)A.neitheryounorIareB.neitheryounormeisC.neitheryounorIamD.neithermenoryouaren51.MrWells,togetherwithallthemembersofhisfamily,_forEuropethisafternoon.(2004)A.aretoleaveB.areleavingC.isleavingD.leave54a50.Itisfutiletodiscussthn非非谓语动词55a非谓语动词55a非非谓语动词考点考点总结n不定式不定式n动名名词n分分词56a非谓语动词考点总结不定式56an不定式：不定式：n在在 Its+adj.结构中都用不定式作主构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种。注意两种句型：句型：nItseasy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,toomuch,toolittle,notenough)后加for sb.to donItskind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave后加of sb.to do57a不定式：57an动名名词：n1.必必须接接动名名词做做宾语的的动词nacknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,admit,confess,consider,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,forgive,practice,postpone,recall,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate。如：nIappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroad.n2.动名名词做介做介词短短语 (to是介词，不是不定式符号)nobject to,resort to,react to,contribute to,look forward to,be accustomed to,be committed to,be devoted to,be dedicated to,be opposed to,be(get)used to,get down to,take to,in addition to,with regard to,on the way to。nIamlookingforwardtovisitingyourhometown.58a动名词：58an分分词：n如果非如果非谓语动词跟句子中的跟句子中的逻辑主主语呈呈主主动关系，用关系，用现在分在分词doing.n如果非如果非谓语动词跟句子中的跟句子中的逻辑主主语呈呈被被动关系，用关系，用过去分去分词done.nsee1._fromthemountain,weshouted“howareyoudoing”.2._fromthemountain,thecitylooksmuchmorebeautiful.nWin/defeat1._inthewar,thestatebegantobreakdown.2._thewar,thecountrybegantoestablishitsownfinancialandpoliticalsystems.59a分词：59an现在分在分词作状作状语特性特性-时间性。性。n与与谓语动词同同时发生生，用一般，用一般时doing，n发生生在在谓语动作之前作之前时则用完成式用完成式having done。nWatchingVSHavingwatched1._themovie“Titanic”,hecouldnthelpcrying.2._themovie“Titanic”for5times,herefusedtogothecinemawithme.nLivingVSHavinglived1._inChinafortenyears,hetookaChinesegirlashiswife.2._inasmallcountrysideinChina,hespentallhistimeingardening.60a现在分词作状语特性-时间性。60an分分词的独立主格的独立主格结构构n分词的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则分词短语要有自己的逻辑主语，称为分词独立主格结构。分词独立主格结构只是句子的一个部分。如：nAllflightshavingbeencanceledbecauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.nDarknesssettingin,theyoungcouplelingeredinthebar.61a分词的独立主格结构61aIt being+名名词（代（代词）It being Christmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.It being a holiday,alltheshopswereshut.(1)Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_translatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.that(2)Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.that(3)Hewrotealotofnovels,andmanyof_weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.that62aItbeing+名词（代词）62anthere be 非非谓语动词的用法的用法n(1)做目的状语或程度状语时用fortheretobe，做其他状语用therebeing。如：nFor theretobeapleasantperformance,youmustpracticemore.(fortheretobe在句中做目的状语)nTherebeingnofurtherquestions,wellstopheretoday.(therebeing做原因状语)n(2)做除for外的介词宾语，用therebeing。如：nHewouldalwaysignorethefactoftherebeingsuchacontradictioninhisinnerthought.个人个人总结：有：有for,用用 there to be,其他都用其他都用there being。63atherebe非谓语动词的用法63an真真题展示：展示：n45.There_nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.（2000）A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.ben41.Agricultureisthecountryschiefsourceofwealth,wheat_byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.（2003）A.isB.beenC.beD.beingn48.Time_,thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled.（2003）A.permitB.permittingC.permittedD.permits64a真题展示：64an51._atinthisway,thepresenteconomicsituationdoesntseemsogloomy.（2000）A.LookingB.LookedC.HavinglookedD.Tolookn64._atinhisway,thesituationdoesntseemsodesperate.（2007）A.LookingB.LookedC.BeinglookedD.Tolook65a51._atinthisway,thepn51._isnotaseriousdisadvantageinlife.（2001）A.TobenottallB.NottobetallC.BeingnottallD.Notbeingtalln47.Theopeningceremonyisagreatoccasion.Itisessential_forthat.（2003）A.forustobepreparedB.thatwearepreparedC.ofustobepreparedD.ourbeingpreparedTodieforthepeopleisagloriousdeath.66a51._isnotaseriousdisan61.Whatsthechanceof_ageneralelectionthisyear?（2005）A.therebeingB.theretobeC.therebeD.theregoingtoben63.Itisnotuncommonforthere_problemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.（2007）A.beingB.wouldbeC.beD.tobe67a61.Whatsthechanceof_n情情态动词68a情态动词68a情情态动词的考点的考点1、can;must;cant;mustnt区别2、shall;should的特殊用法(不止一种用法）3、对过去的推测和虚拟用法；(+havedone)69a情态动词的考点69acan;must;cant;mustnt 区区别ncant表示语气较强的不可能nmust表示语气较强的肯定n需要注意的是can也可以表示可能性也可以表示可能性，但只表示一一时的可能性。nHecantbeathome.nHemustbeathome.nShecanbeverygentle/mean/rude/sensitive.nLifeisjustlikeaboxofchocolate,youneverknowwhatyougonnaget.Sometimesitcanbeverytough,andsometimeitcanbeverypeaceful.nThoughheistravellingalltheyeararound,hecanbeathomesometimesinwinter.70acan;must;cant;mustnt区别cn1.You_behungryalreadyyouhadlunchonlytwohoursago!A.wouldntB.cantC.mustntD.needntn2.Peter_bereallydifficultattimeseventhoughheisanicepersoningeneral.A.shallB.shouldC.canD.mustn3.ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit_berathercoldsometime.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.wouldn4.TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit_beveryslow.A.shouldB.mustC.willD.cann5.Johnny,you_playwiththeknife,you_hurtyourself.A.wont,cantB.mustnt,mayC.shouldnt,mustD.cant,should71a1.You_behungryalreadshall和和should的用法的用法Shall两种用法1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如：Shallwego?Shallwebeginourlesson?Whenshallhebeabletoleavethehospital?2.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如：Youshallfailifyoudontworkharder.（警告）HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.（允诺）Youshallbepunishedifyouruntheredlight.（威胁）72ashall和should的用法Shall两种用法72anShould四种用法n1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是oughtto；在疑问句中，通常用should代替oughtto。如：Youshouldgotoclassrightaway.ShouldIopenthewindow?n2.should也可以表示可能，翻译成中文通常为“照理、按理应该”。ThisEnglishtestshouldnotbeverydifficultforyousinceyouhavelearneditformorethan5years.Youshouldbemarriedsinceyouare32yearsold.73aShould四种用法73an3.Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。如：AskhertocallmeifyoushouldseeherinTokyo.你万一在东京见到她，请让她给我打个电话。Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind,pleaseletusknow.万一你改变主意，请通知我们。n4.Why(orHow)+should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如：Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?你几天怎么来得这么晚？WhereisBettyliving?贝蒂住在哪里？HowshouldIknow?我怎么会知道呢？IdontknowwhyyoushouldthinkthatIdidit.我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。74a3.Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句，表示一件事听1.I_payTracyavisit,butIamnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday.A.shouldB.might C.wouldD.could2.There_beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschoo