英美文学史件课件

EnglishLiteratureinthe18thCentryGroup 4 EnglishLiteratureinthe18t1Introduction1.Enlightenment-WesternEurope,18thaprogressiveintellectualmovementthestruggleofthebourgeoisieagainstfeudalismEnglishenlightenersdifferfromthoseofFrancemostEnglishwritersareenlightenersa.moderate group-moderate group-support the principles of the existing society(Alexander Pope,Joseph Addison,Richard Steele,Daniel Defoe and Samuel Richardson)b.radical group-radical group-struggle for a resolute democratisation(Jonathan Swift,Henry Fielding,Tobias Gorge Smollett,Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan)IntroductionEnlightenment-Wes22.LiteraryChariacteristicsoftheAgethemainthemain literarysteamliterarysteam-realism-realismthemainthemaincharacterscharacters oftheworks-commonmenoftheworks-commonmenconcentrations-describethedailylifeconcentrations-describethedailylifeLiterature:newspaper(newborn),books,magazineLiterature:newspaper(newborn),books,magazines,pamphlets)s,pamphlets)AnageofAnageofposepose-poetrywasinadequate-poetrywasinadequate(Addison,Steele,SwiftandFielding)(Addison,Steele,SwiftandFielding)Novelwriting:commonpeopleinsteadofkingsNovelwriting:commonpeopleinsteadofkingsandnoblesandnoblesWritingdevice-Writingdevice-satire(Pope,SwiftandFielding)-satire(Pope,SwiftandFielding)2.LiteraryChariacteristicsof33.EnglishLiteratureintheThreeStagesoftheEnligthenmenta.thefirstperiod(GloriousRevolution-theendofthe1730s)neo-classicisminpoetry(AlexanderPope)anewposeliteratureappeared-essaysofAddison,Steele;thefirstrealisticfictionofDefoeandSwift(majorauthor)b.thesecondperiod(1740s-1750s,mature)novelsofRichardson,FieldingandSmollettc.thethirdperiod(thelastfewdecadesofthe18thcentury)newliterarytendencies:sentimentalism-poetry(EdwardYoungandThomasGray)chieflyinnovels(LaurenceSterneandOliverGoldsmith)pre-romanticism-poetry(minorpoets,WilliamBlakeandRobertBurns)theimportantdramatist-RichardBrinsleySheridan(realisticplaywright)Conlusion:literatureofthe18thcentury-complexthreegeneralheads:thereignofneo-classicismtheappearanceofpre-romanticpoettythebeginningofmodernnovels3.EnglishLiteratureintheTh4Thethreestagesoftheenlightenmentthefirstperiod-theearlyperiod(fromthegloriousrevolutiontotheendofthe1730s)Literature:Neo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismThethirdperiod-thelastperiod(1760s-1800s)sentimentalism&pre-romanticismThesecondperiod-thematureperiod(1740s-1750s)novel:Richardson,Fielding,SmollettThethreestagesoftheenligh5thefirstperiod-theearlyperiod(fromthegloriousrevolutiontotheendofthe1730s)Literature:Neo-ClassicismNeo-Classicismthefirstperiod-theearly6Neo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismFeatures:writersendeavoredtoimitatethecharacteristicsoftheRomanwriterswhomadeRomanliteraturefamousinthedaysofAugustus,suchasHorace,Virgil,Cicero.thetriedtomakeEnglishliteratureconformtorulesandprinciplesestablishedbythegreatRomanandGreekclassicalwriters.(inwritingplays,usingrhymingcoupletinsteadofblankverse;theyobservedtheunitiesoftime,placeandaction;andpoetryshouldfollowtheancientdivisions).Neo-ClassicismFeatures:7MajorfiguresoftheNeo-ClassicalSchool*AlexanderPope(1688-1744)*RichardSteeleandJosephAddison*SamuelJohnson(1709-1784)*JamesBoswell(1740-1795)Neo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismNeo-Classicism8Neo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismMajorfiguresAlexanderPope(1688-1744)A master of satire and heroic couplet,and satiric and didactic verse.Works:An Essay on Criticism-heroic coupletHe put forward his aesthetic theories in it and it is a comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism.The Rape of the Lock-mock-heroic poemAn Essay on Man-heroic coupletThe Dunciad-Popes famous satirical poem It shows the poets struggle against ignorance and barbarism as well as dullness and emptiness all around him.Influnce/Cnotribution:He exerted a strong influence upon the other writers of the age.He introduced the spirit of rationalism into English culture.The early 18th century has often been named as the Age of Pope.Neo-ClassicismMajorfiguresA9Neo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismMajorfiguresRichardSteeleandJosephAddison（ThetwonamesareoftenlinkedtogetherinEnglishliteraturebecauseoftheirjointliterarywoke.）Works:The TatlerThepaperbecamepopularbecauseitwasjustthesortofthingthatsuitedtheneedsofthereadingpublicamongthebourgeoisie.The SpectatorThemoststrikingfeaturesofthepaperarethecharactersketchesofMrSpectatorandtheothermembersofhisclub,whichbecometheforerunnerofthemodernEnglishnovel.Neo-ClassicismMajorfiguresR10Neo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismMajorfiguresContribution:theirwritingsinTheTatlerandTheSpectatorprovideanewcodeofsocialmoralityfortherisingbourgeoisie.ThedrawatruepictureofthesociallifeofEnglandinthe18thcentury.Intheirhands,theEnglishessaycompletelyestablisheditselfasaliterarygenre.Usingitasaformofcharactersketchingandstorytelling,theyusheredinthedawnofthemodernnovelNeo-ClassicismMajorfiguresC11Samuel Johnson(1709-1784)Works:The Dictionary of the English LanguageThedictionarybroughthimmuchfameanditbecamethefoundationofallthesubsequentEnglishdictionaries.Lives of the PoetsItconsistsofthebiographiesof52poetsandprovidesomeofthebest-knownpicturesoftheearlyEnglishpoets.Neo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismMajorfiguresSamuelJohnson(1709-1784)Neo-C12James Boswell(1740-1795)HehasbeenknownforhisbiographyofJohnsonentitledTheLifeofSamuelJohnson,owingtowhich,hehasbeenconsideredoneofthebestbiographersinEnglishliterature.Neo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismMajorfiguresJamesBoswell(1740-1795)Neo-Cl13Thesecondperiod-thematureperiod(1740s-1750s)novel:Richardson,Fielding,Smollett英美文学史件课件14thematureperiodoftheEnlightment(1740-1750realisticnovelists:FieldingandSmolletFierceattackontheexistingsocialconditionsSentimentalnovelists：RichardsonthematureperiodoftheEnlig15HenryFielding(1707-1754)EntitlesEntitles:anovelist(thegreatestnovelistoftheeighteenth:anovelist(thegreatestnovelistoftheeighteenthcentury),adramatist,anessayistP93century),adramatist,anessayistP93 LifeexperienceLifeexperience:camefromanaristocraticfamilycamefromanaristocraticfamily ApopularplaywriterinLondon(satiriccomedies),exposetheApopularplaywriterinLondon(satiriccomedies),exposethecorruption,hypocrisyandcrueltyofofficialsandarousehatredcorruption,hypocrisyandcrueltyofofficialsandarousehatredofrulingclass,forcedtoendhiscareerasaplaywright.ofrulingclass,forcedtoendhiscareerasaplaywright.Ajudgein1748Ajudgein1748 DiedinLisbonin1754DiedinLisbonin1754Importantposition:Importantposition:FounderoftheEnglishrealisticnovelistFounderoftheEnglishrealisticnovelist ExactobservationandstudyofthereallifeandhumannatureExactobservationandstudyofthereallifeandhumannaturerealisticnovelistsMajorfiguresHenryFielding(1707-1754)reali16WorksA）1729-1737dramatistusingdramasasweapontoridiculeandattacktheviceofthe25plays,includingcomedies,farces,burlesques,anddramaticsatiresRepresentativeworks:TheHistoricalRegisterfortheYear1736Plotico-satiricplayB）novelistFeaturesofhisworks:1.firstpersonnarrative2.Satireaboundeverywhere3.Teachingwovenintohisverytexture4.Easy,unlaboured,familiar,vivid,vigorousrealisticnovelistsHenryFieldingWorksrealisticnovelistsHenr171.MasterpiecetheHistoryofTomJonensAFoundinginfluence：stronghatredforallthehypocrisyandtreacheryinthesociety;sympathyforthecourageousyoungrebels2.satiricalnovelJonathanWildtheGreatAbittersatireontheexploitingandoppressingclass;bestexposureofthecorruptionofthebourgeoissociety3.hisfirstnovelJosephAndrewsIntentionofridiculingRichardsonsnovelPamelarealisticnovelistsHenryFielding1.MasterpiecetheHistoryof18TobiasGeorgeSmolletEntitles:surgeon,novelistLifeexperience:1763-1766travelonEuropeancontinent1771diedinItalyWorks:dealingwiththerecollectionsofhisownadventuresandexperiencesThe Adventure of Roderick RandomThe Adventure of Peregrine PickleThe Expedition of Humphry ClinkerFeatures:1.Humour2.UsetheformofthepicaresquerealisticnovelistsMajorfiguresTobiasGeorgeSmolletrealistic19SamuelRichardson(1689-1761)Entitles:printer,writerLifeexperience:anaturalgiftedletterwiterWorks:1.PamelaorVirtueRewardedInformofletters,penetratepsychologicalstudyoftheheroineandcriticizethebourgeoismoralstandardsandhypocrisy2.masterpiece;ClarissaHarloweortheHistoryofaYoungLadyAtragedyofayoungladywhoisweakandhelplessbutwhoalsodarestorevoltsocialevilsFar-reachinginfluenceinEuropeancountries(effectonJaneAusten)3.SirCharlesGrandisonFeatures:1.moralpurpose2.Hasmuchsympathyoffemalecharacters3.WrittenintheformoflettersSentimentalnovelistsMajorfiguresSamuelRichardson(1689-1761)20Thesecondperiod-thematureperiod(1740s-1750s)novel:Richardson,Fielding,SmollettThesecondperiod-themature21ThemeaningofsentimentalismItindulgesinemotionandsentiment,whichareusedasasortofreliefforthegriefandheartachesfelttowardtheworldswrongs,andasakindofmildprotestagainstthesocialinjusticeThewriterswhofollowedthistraditionreactagainstanythingrationalandadvocatethatsentimentshouldtaketheplaceofreasonThemeaningofsentimentalismI22ThesentimentalnovelSamuelRichardson,thefirstnovelistofsentimentalisttradition,hasmuchsympathyforwomenintheirinferiorsocialstatusandentersintodetailedpsychologicalstudyoffemalecharactersthemasterofepistolarynovelsImportantworks Pamela(orVirtue Rewarded)Clarissa Harlowe(orthe History of a Young Lady)Sir Charles GrandisonThesentimentalnovelSamuelR23ClarissaHarloweThenovelconsistingof8volumestellsusatragedyofayoungladyanepistolarynovelhasfar-reachinginfluenceinEuropeancountriesinFrance,highlypraisedbyDiderot(狄德罗)andRousseau(卢梭)inGermany,influenceuponGoethe(歌德),The Sorrows of Young Werther(少年维特之烦恼）inEngland,effectuponJaneAustenClarissaHarloweThenovelcons24ThesentimentalnovelLaurenceSterneFeaturessentimentismoreimportantthanreasongivesdetaileddescriptionsofthecharactersinnerthoughtsandfeelingscharactersareordinarypersonsImportantworks The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy(项狄传)A sentimental journey through France and ItalyThesentimentalnovelLaurence25ThesentimentalnovelOliverGoldsmith(1730-1774)Hewasaversatileandlovablegeniusofthe18thcentury,oneofthemostimportantpoetsintheromanticschoolofhisageanexcellentessayist,dramatistBestknownasanovelistImportantworksThe Vicar of Wakefielda(威克菲尔德牧师)The Deserted Village(poem)She Stoops to Conquer(or The Mistakes of a Night)(comedy)The Citizen of the World (collectionoffamiliaressays)ThesentimentalnovelOliverG26ThemeaningofromanticismSixprominentcharacteristicsthatdistinguishitfromtheso-calledclassicliterature1)markedbystrongreactionandprotestagainstthebondageofrulesandcustoms2)returnstonatureandplainhumanityforitsmaterial3)markedbyrenewedinterestinmedievalidealsandliterature4)markedbyintensehumansympathy,andbyaconsequentunderstandingofthehumanheart5)theexpressionofindividualgeniusratherthanofestablishedrules.Sotheworksareendlessvariety6)Spenser,ShakespeareandMiltonareinspirationoftheRomanticMovementThemeaningofromanticismSix27PoetryofthePre-RomanticismandSentimentalismJamesThomson:theforerunneroftheRomanticMovement,foundinspirationinMiltonsblankverseandwroteaboutthecountrylifeHisfamerestsuponthepoem,The SeasonsEdwardYoung:The Complaint(or Night Thoughts on Life,Death,and Immortality)WilliamCollins:aseriesofOdes,especiallyOde to EveningThomasGray:Elegy Written in a Country ChurchyardJamesMacpherson:acollectioncalledWorks of OssianBishopThomasPercy:Reliques of Ancient English PoetryThomasChatterton:Rowley PoemsWilliamCowper:The Task(containsixbooks)GeorgeCrabbe:The Village,The Parish Register and The Borough PoetryofthePre-Romanticism28The two great romantic poets of the last 20 years of the 18th centuryWilliamBlake(1757-1827)aforerunneroftheRomanticMovementHisgreatnessliesinhismasterofartandverse,andofanextremeandmovingsimplicityMainworks Songs of Innocence(1789):The Lamb,Holy Thursday,Laughing SongSongs of Experience(1794):The Tyger,The Fly,London,The Chimney-SweeperThetwogreatromanticpoetso29The two great romantic poets of the last 20 years of the 18th centuryRobertBurns(1759-1796)theeldestsonofapoorScottishpeasantfamilymostofhispoemswerewrittenintheScottishdialectLuXunpraisedhimas“apoetofthelabouringpeopleSuccessfulworks:Poems Chiefly in the Scottish DialectMainworksaccordingtothesubjectmattersLyricsonloveandfriendship:John Anderson,My Jo,A Red,Red Rose,Auld Lang SyneHatredfortheoppressionoftherulingclassandloveforfreedom:A Mans a Man for A ThatPatrioticpoems:My Hearts in the Highlandverse-talesbasedonoldScottishlegends:John BarleycornFeaturesofBurnsPoetry1)oneofthegreatestwritersofsongsintheworld,thenationalpoetofScotland2)aplowman-thepeoplespoet3)hasadeepknowledgeandanexcellentmasteryoftheoldScottishsongtraditionThetwogreatromanticpoetso30EnglishDramainthe18thCentury1700-1720s:theItalianoperaandtheEnglishpantomimeJohnGay:The Beggars Operaanditssequel,Polly1730sthecomedies:HenryFielding-Jonathan Wildtheintroductionofbourgeoistragedy:GeorgeLillo-The London Merchant,or the History of George Barnwell1750-1800s:RichardBrinsleySheridan-thegreatestenglishplaywrightThe RivalsThe School for ScandalthebestEnglishcomedysinceShakespeare EnglishDramainthe18thCent31Thank you Thankyou32