蚤虱、蜱螨——【人体寄生虫学】课件

Medical arthropodaMedicalarthropodaVery small(1.3-3.5 mm)Hairy bodyWings held in a“V”above the bodyWeak flying insects Sand flies(白蛉白蛉)Verysmall(1.3-3.5mm)SandfAct as vector of LeishmaniasisLife cycle:6-8 weeksSeasonal existence:Jun-SeptActivity area and distributionSensitive to insecticideActasvectorofLeishmaniasisv3mmandbrownvLaterallycompressedandwinglessvWith3pairsofpowerfullegsadaptedforjumping,adultscanjumpabout70cmvertically,30cmhorizontallyFleas(蚤蚤)3mmandbrownFleas(蚤)Life cycle and habitsComplete metamorphosisBoth sexes can take a blood mealExcreting while feedingSensitive to body temperature of hostLifecycleandhabitsCompletevGeneral nuisance:biting humans on exposed surfacesresultingindiscomfort.Flea-bitesinducepruritic（痒痒的的）urticaria（风疹疹）;vParasitism:FemalesofTunga penetrans,Tungiasis（潜潜蚤蚤病病）Direct harmsGeneralnuisance:bitinghuman鼠疫鼠疫(plague)(Yersinia pestis)Vectors:致痒蚤致痒蚤(Pulex irritans);印鼠客蚤印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)Mechanism:Whentakesabloodmeal,theplagueorganismrapidlymultipliesandblocksthefleasproventriculus(前胃).Whilethefleasfeedsagain,itisunabletoengorgeandisforcedtoregurgitatebloodandthebacteriafromtheproventriculusintothehost.Clinicalmanifestation:bubonicplague,pneumonicplague,septicemicplague鼠型斑疹鼠型斑疹伤寒寒 Rickettsia mooseritransmittedbyXenopsylla cheopisintermediate hosts of Hymenolepis Disease transmission鼠疫(plague)(Yersiniapestis)Louse(Pediculus)2.54.2mm,dorsoventrallyflattenedProminenttarsalclawProtuberanceoftibia（胫突）（胫突）andclawsformgrippingorgan（攫握器）Louse(Pediculus)2.54.2mm,dov All stages and both sexes feed solely on bloodv Inject saliva into the wound;meanwhile feces are continually passed onto the skinv Live in 29-32,RH 70%(on skin of host)AllstagesandbothsexesfePediculus humanus corporis(人体人体虱虱)and Pediculus humanus capitis(人人头虱虱)are the two species that cause human infestations.They are transmitted from human to human by direct contact or via contaminated clothing,bedding and personal hygiene items(combs,brushes,etc.).人体虱Pediculushumanuscorporis(人体Pediculosis capitisPediculosiscapitisPththirus pubis(耻阴虱),thecrablouse,ismoredifficulttotransmitandlesscommon.Itisassociatedalmostexclusivelywithsexualtransmission,andisrarelyfoundoutsidethegenitalregion.Pththiruspubis(耻阴虱),thecrLouse-borne diseases Louse-borne diseases q 流行性斑疹伤寒流行性斑疹伤寒（Epidemic typhus）普氏立克次体普氏立克次体（Rickettsia prowazekii）q战壕热战壕热(Trenchfever)五日立克次体五日立克次体（Rochalimaea quintana）q虱媒回虱媒回归热（Louse-bornerelapsingfever）包柔疏螺旋体包柔疏螺旋体（Borrelia recurrentis）Louse-bornediseases流行性斑疹伤寒Bed bug(臭虫臭虫)Cimex hemipterus,热带臭虫Cimex lectularis,温带臭虫Bedbug(臭虫)Cimexhemipterus,不完全变态不完全变态不完全变态栖息在木质床榻的缝隙中，夜间吸血，群居栖息在木质床榻的缝隙中，夜间吸血，群居栖息在木质床榻的缝隙中，夜间吸血，群居Cockroach(蜚蠊蜚蠊)德国小蠊德国小蠊美洲大蠊美洲大蠊黑胸大蠊黑胸大蠊Cockroach(蜚蠊)德国小蠊美洲大蠊黑胸大蠊生活习性：生活习性：栖息于温暖及与食物、水近的场所，昼伏夜栖息于温暖及与食物、水近的场所，昼伏夜出，分泌出，分泌“信息素信息素”，杂食性，杂食性，“电脑害虫电脑害虫”卵荚（鞘）卵荚（鞘）生活习性：卵荚（鞘）Harms to humansMechanical vectors of a number of bacterial agentsCausing asthma in children by secretion and feces犀牛蟑螂HarmstohumansMechanicalvectClass ArachnidaClass Arachnida 蛛形纲蛛形纲蜱螨亚纲蜱螨亚纲蜘蛛亚纲蜘蛛亚纲蝎亚纲蝎亚纲ClassArachnida蛛形纲蜱螨亚Gnathosoma(颚体体)Idiosoma（躯体）（躯体）Twoparts:idiosoma(躯体)andgnathosoma(颚体);Adultshave4piresoflegs,withoutantennaandwingsGnathosomaIdiosomaTwoparts:iGnathosoma(颚体体)Gnathosoma(颚体)蚤虱、蜱螨【人体寄生虫学】课件Hard Ticks and Soft Ticks颚体颚体gnathosoma盾板盾板(Scute)躯体躯体IdiosomaHardTicksandSoftTicks颚体gnaLife cycleLifecycle Changehostfrequently:onehost,twohost,threehostHardticks:3hosttick;Softticks:multi-hosttickChangehostfrequently:oneh Lifehabit:allstagestakeblood,includinglarva,nymphandadultsadultslarva,femalemaleLifehabit:allstagestakeSuckingbloodbytick-tickparalysisSuckingbloodbytick-tickp蚤虱、蜱螨【人体寄生虫学】课件 Vector Pathogen DiseaseIxodes persulcatusEncephalophilus silvestris森林森林脑炎炎Tick-borne encephalitisHyalomma,Asiaticum kozloniRNA virus新疆出血热新疆出血热Xinjiang hemorrhagic feverOrnithodoros popillipesBorrelia persica andB.latyschevi蜱媒回归热蜱媒回归热 Tick-borne relapsing feverIxodes persulcatusB.burgdorferi莱姆病莱姆病Lyme diseaseOrnithodoros papillipes Coxiella burnetii Q热热Q feverTick-borne diseases人兽共患病；传播方式多样：粪便、唾液、分泌物、卵；经卵传递经卵传递VectorPathogenDiseaseIxoItch mite(Scab mite)Female dorsal sideMale ventral side永久性寄生螨，寄生在人和哺乳动物的皮肤表皮内，引起永久性寄生螨，寄生在人和哺乳动物的皮肤表皮内，引起有剧烈瘙痒的皮肤病，疥疮（有剧烈瘙痒的皮肤病，疥疮（scabies）。）。Itchmite(Scabmite)Femaledo Living habitat and Life cycle Mate in skin,females dig burrows,and deposit egg in the upper layers of the epidermis,eggs hatch into larvae and then excavate new burrows and mature in 4 days.Preferred sites of infestation Skin between fingers,the shoulders blades,around the penis,in the creases of the knees and elbows.蚤虱、蜱螨【人体寄生虫学】课件Scabies Scabies itch resulted from the sensitization to the tunneling,the secretory and excretory products and eggs,severe at night.Rash,septic pustules（脓疱）疱）may develop after scratching.ScabiesScabiesitchresultedDiagnosisandtreatmentfindingthemitesbyscrapetheskinundermicroscopeusing10%Brimstoneointmentafterahot,soapybath,allclothingandbeddingshouldbelaunderedDiagnosisandtreatmentDemodicid mite蠕形蠕形螨Ferocious appearance,0.1 to 0.4 mm,4 pairs of stubby legsTwo species D.folliculorum(hair follicles)毛囊蠕形螨毛囊蠕形螨 D.brevis(sebaceous glands)皮脂腺蠕形螨皮脂腺蠕形螨DemodicidmiteFerociousappearD.folliculorum(hair follicles)毛囊蠕形螨毛囊蠕形螨D.brevis(sebaceous glands)皮脂腺蠕形螨皮脂腺蠕形螨D.folliculorum(hairfollicl痤疮痤疮酒糟鼻酒糟鼻蠕形螨吞食毛囊上皮细胞，引起毛囊扩张肿胀（毛囊粗毛囊粗大大，皮肤粗燥皮肤粗燥）皮肤角化过度或不全，真皮层血管扩张（痤疮痤疮、酒糟鼻酒糟鼻）皮脂腺分泌异常（脂溢性皮脂溢性皮炎炎）继发感染（毛囊炎毛囊炎）痤疮酒糟鼻蠕形螨吞食毛囊上皮细胞，引起毛囊扩张肿胀（毛囊粗大Diagnosis and treatment透明胶纸法挤刮涂片法挤粘结合法拔毛法Diagnosisandtreatment透明胶纸法Dust mite（尘螨）q Elongate elliptic body,commonly inhabit mattresses,carpets and house dust.q Live in 20-30,humidity 80%Dustmite（尘螨）ElongateelliptiAnaphylaxis:allergic rhinitis（鼻炎）（鼻炎）Asthma dermatitisAnaphylaxis:How to control?Kill but do not destroy mite allergensReduction of allergen burdenHowtocontrol?KillbutdonotLarva of Leptotrombidium deliensis (地里地里纤恙恙螨)Chigger mite(恙恙螨)Only larval stage takes blood and transmits scrub typhus(恙虫病恙虫病)by eggsLarvaofLeptotrombidiumdelieq General review General reviewPacking up the parasites:The morphology,life cycle,pathogenesis&symptomology,pathogenic diagnosis,factors of prevalence and strategy of control(treatment),of which life cycle is the key link.Systemic summary:of the intestinal system(tract and associated organs)of the brain of the eyes of the lung of the skin or subcutaneous tissues of the blood&lymphGeneralreviewPackingupthe