宾语从句 (5)课件

海南省国兴中学海南省国兴中学 王王 映映 Tel.65905942Tel.65905942形状形状1)-What does it look like?It looks like a 2)-camel.3)*表示某人或某物的外表或外貌时可表示某人或某物的外表或外貌时可用用4)-What do/does+主语主语+look like?5)主语主语(pron.)am/is/are.6)主语主语(pron.)have/has.7)-e.g.-What does Liu Xiang look like?-Hes tall and he has short black hair.2)-Whats the shape of sth.?Its round/long/tall/short.Its a circle/square.Its a U-shaped raod.-材料材料1)-Whats the table made of?-Its made of wood.2)-Whats the red wine made from?-Its made from grapes.*be made of 由由制成的制成的,可看到原料；可看到原料；be made from由由制成的制成的,看不到原料；看不到原料；*be made in 由由制造，表示生产地；制造，表示生产地；*be made up of 由由组成的组成的/构成的构成的 Exercises(I)1.Our group is made _ 20 boys and 20 girls.A.up of B.from C.by2.This kind of paper is _ wood.A.made with B.made from C.made of3.This shirt is made _ silk and it is made _ Hangzhou.A.from;in B.of;in C.from;by1.表示年龄表示年龄 -_is the boy?-Hes eleven(years old).How oldHow muchHow much2.表示价钱表示价钱 1)-_is the cake?-Its 2 yuan.2)-_are the apples?-Theyre 20 yuan.3.表示数量表示数量1)-_students are there in your class?-There are forty-five students in our class.2)-_water do you drink every day?-I drink five glasses of water every day.*how many 用来修饰可数用来修饰可数n.的复数形式的复数形式;*how much 用来修饰不可数用来修饰不可数n.How manyHow much4.表示长度表示长度 1)(表示物体的长度表示物体的长度)-_is the bridge?-Its 430 meters/feet long.2)(表示时间的长度表示时间的长度)-_has Jim been ill?-Two days.How longHow long5.表示宽度表示宽度 -_is the river?-Its about 200 meters(wide).6.表示深度表示深度-_is the lake?-Its three kilometers(deep).How wideHow deep7.表示高度表示高度1)-_is the building?Its 130 meters tall/high.It has 85 floors/stories.2)-_is Yao Ming?-Hes 2.24 meters tall/in height.-How tall/highHow tall*how tall/high 可用来表示可用来表示物体的高度物体的高度，但若要表示但若要表示人的高度人的高度只能用只能用how tall。8.表示厚度表示厚度-_is the ice here?-Its more than three feet.How thickHow heavy9.表示重量表示重量 -_is the box?-Its about 2 kilograms.10.表示距离表示距离-_is it from Haikou to Dingan?-Its about 45 minutes bus ride.How far11.表示时间表示时间 1)-_do you have sports?-We have sports every day.2)-_will your mother come back?-Shell come back in two days.How oftenHow soon*how often（多久一次）：（多久一次）：用来用来询问谓语动词所表示的所表示的动作作发生生的的频率率,即即单位位时间内内动作作发生的次数生的次数 它常与动词的它常与动词的一般一般现在在时连用用，也可与也可与谓语动词的一般的一般过去去时连用用,询问过去某段去某段时间内某种内某种行行为或或动作定期作定期发生的生的频率率。e.g.1.How often do the buses run?Every a quarter.2.How often did you go to the library last term?Once a week.*how soon（多久以后）：（多久以后）：用来用来询问谓语动词表示的表示的动作作“需要多需要多长时间”才才发生生,它常与它常与动词的一般将来的一般将来时或或“情情态动词+动词原形原形”连用用 e.g.1.How soon will you be ready?In ten minutes.2.How soon can your father come back?In a week.*how long（多久）：（多久）：用来用来询问谓语动词所表示的所表示的动作延作延续的的时间长度有度有“多久多久”它常与延续性动词的现在完成时连用它常与延续性动词的现在完成时连用,但有但有时也也与延与延续性性动词的一般将来的一般将来时(或或动词前有情前有情态动词)一般过去时或一般过去时或过去完成时连用过去完成时连用 e.g.1.How long have you known her?For about four years.2.How long will it take you to finish the work?Ten days.Exercises(II)4.-_a _ can I keep this book?-Two weeks,and you can rerew it.(05年海南省中考年海南省中考)A.How long B.How often C.How far D.How much5.-_a_ is it from our school to the station?-About half an hours bus ride.A.how long B.How often C.How far6._c _do you go swimming?A.How long B.How often C.How soon7._b_have you studied in our school?A.How long B.How often C.How soon原因和结果原因和结果1.表示原因表示原因2.1)-Why are you late for school?-Because I got up late this morning.2)-How could you miss the train?-Because of the bad traffic,we missed the train.3)Since she did not feel well,she stayed at home.*because(because(因为，由于因为，由于)：引导原因状语从句，表明最直接、引导原因状语从句，表明最直接、最重要的非推理的原因，用来回答最重要的非推理的原因，用来回答whywhy的问句。的问句。*because of because of（因为，由于）：（因为，由于）：后接后接n.n.或或pronpron.。*since since（既然，由于）：（既然，由于）：常用于书面语中。常用于书面语中。e.g.Since everyone is here,lets begin the meeting.*asas（由于）（由于）:表原因时，语气不如表原因时，语气不如becausebecause强，强，它所引导的从句常放在主句之前，用来说明原因。它所引导的从句常放在主句之前，用来说明原因。e.g.As I know little English,I must look it up in a dictionary.*for*for（因为，由于）（因为，由于）:表原因时，表原因时，for for 分句只分句只位于句末，前面有逗号，该分句是对前一分句所位于句末，前面有逗号，该分句是对前一分句所述情况作推测性的说明或解释。述情况作推测性的说明或解释。e.g.Its going to rain,for there is much cloud in the sky.2.表示结果表示结果4)He ate too much,so he didnt feel well.=_he ate too much,he didnt feel well.5)He is too young to go to school.=He is_ young _ he cant go to school.6)He is strong enough to carry the heavy box.=He is _ strong _he can carry the heavy box.Becausesothatsothat*so（所以）：表示结果，可以（所以）：表示结果，可以because引导的句子互换，引导的句子互换，但是二者在句不可兼用。但是二者在句不可兼用。e.g.Because I missed the bus,so I was late for school.(误误)I was late for school because I missed the bus.（正）（正）Because I missed the bus,I was late for school.（正）（正）*tooto（太（太不能不能）：）：用在肯定句中表示否用在肯定句中表示否定意义，可与定意义，可与sothat 引导的结果状语从句互换，这时引导的结果状语从句互换，这时的的that从句为否定句。从句为否定句。*enough to（够于够于）：）：常用来表示肯定意义，常用来表示肯定意义，可与可与sothat 引导的结果状语从句互换，这时的引导的结果状语从句互换，这时的that从从句为肯定句。句为肯定句。*sothat/suchthat（如此（如此以致以致）：）：用来引用来引导结果状语从句，导结果状语从句，so修饰修饰adj./adv.，而，而such修饰修饰n.，但，但n.前有前有many,much,little,few等修饰时，只能用等修饰时，只能用so。*so+adj.+a/an+n.(单数单数)+that =such+a/an+adj.+n.(单数单数)+that目的目的1)-Why are you here?2)-I came here to see you off.3)2)-Why did you do that?/What did you do that for?4)-I did that to protect the trees.*why（为何，（为何，为什么）：表示目的，有时可相当于为什么）：表示目的，有时可相当于Whatfor?*Whatfor（为什么）：常用于口语或非正式场合，（为什么）：常用于口语或非正式场合，用来提问表示目的的不定式短语。用来提问表示目的的不定式短语。e.g.-What did you come here for?-I came here to study English.*so that(为了，以便为了，以便)：引导目的状语从句：引导目的状语从句Exercises(III)8.-Why is their classroom so clean and tidy?-_ it is cleaned every day.A.Since B.As C.Because D.For9.That was our first lesson,_she didnt know all our names.A.for B.because C.so D.so that10.Hurry up,Jack.We have to get to the station before 11:45 _ we can catch the 12:00 train.（05年江苏南通）年江苏南通）A.since B.after C.as soon as D.so that11.Im _ tired _ I cant walk any farther.A.tooto B.suchthat C.sothat 12.There are _ many people in the room that it is very noisy.A.such B.so C.too13.Harry Potter is _ wonderful a film that most kids like it very much.A.such B.so C.too14.It is _a sunny day that we all want to go swimming.A.such B.so C.too一、宾语从句的概念与位置：一、宾语从句的概念与位置：所谓宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的句子，宾语所谓宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的句子，宾语从句紧随在主句动词、介词、间接宾语或形容词之后。从句紧随在主句动词、介词、间接宾语或形容词之后。1）动词之后：）动词之后：He says that he cant come tomorrow.2）介词之后：介词之后：She isnt interested in what he is doing.3）间接宾语之后）间接宾语之后:Can you tell me who he is?4）形容词之后）形容词之后:Im afraid he is ill.二、宾语从句的引导词二、宾语从句的引导词1）宾宾语语从从句句为为陈陈述述句句。由由that引引导导,这这时时that没没有有词词义义，只只起起引引导导作作用用，不不充充当当句句子子成成分分，在在口口语语或或非非正正式式文文体体中中常常省略。常常省略。e.g.She says(that)she wants to go home now.I dont know(that)he is American.2）宾语从句为）宾语从句为一般疑问句一般疑问句 时，由连词时，由连词 i f 或或 whether 引导。引导。e.g.Do you know if/whether he has been to Japan?He asked if/whether I could help him.3）宾语从句为）宾语从句为特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 时，由时，由连接代词连接代词 或或连接副词连接副词 引导，引导，这时连词有词义，且在宾语这时连词有词义，且在宾语 从句中充当句子成分，常见的连接代词有：从句中充当句子成分，常见的连接代词有：what,who,whom,whose,which;连接副词有连接副词有:when,where,how,why,how many,how much,how old,how long etc.e.g.Can you tell us what they are doing?（what在宾语从句中作宾语）在宾语从句中作宾语）We dont know whose pencil this is.（whose在宾语从句中作在宾语从句中作pencil的定语并的定语并 与与pencil一起作表语）一起作表语）She asked who was the tallest in our class.（作主语）（作主语）We dont know when the train arrives.（作时间状语）（作时间状语）Please tell me how I can get to the park.（作方式状语）（作方式状语）Do you know how old she is?（作表语（作表语)三、宾语从句的语序三、宾语从句的语序陈述句语序：主句陈述句语序：主句+连接词连接词+陈述句语序的句子陈述句语序的句子 宾语从句宾语从句四、宾语从句的时态：和主句一致四、宾语从句的时态：和主句一致1、当主句为、当主句为现在时态时现在时态时，宾语从句的时态，宾语从句的时态不受不受 主句时态的限制主句时态的限制，可，可按实际情况用相应时态按实际情况用相应时态，如，如：Lily has gone to Beijing.I hear(that)Jim arrived two days ago.She will go there by plane.I hear(that)2、当主句为、当主句为过去时态过去时态时，宾语从句的时态时，宾语从句的时态受主句受主句时态的限制时态的限制，一般只能用表示，一般只能用表示过去的某种时态过去的某种时态，即：，即：一般现在时一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时 一般过去时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时 现在进行时过去进行时现在进行时过去进行时 一般将来时过去将来时一般将来时过去将来时 现在完成时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时 过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时 过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时 e.g.1)She said,“We hope so.”She said（that）they hoped so.2)Jean said,“He will go to see his friend.”Jean said he would go to see his friend.3)She said,“I am writing a letter.”She said she was writing a letter.1、如果从句的内容是如果从句的内容是客观现象或真理客观现象或真理，无论主句是什么，无论主句是什么 时态，从句都用时态，从句都用一般现在时一般现在时。eg.Our teacher said that lights travel faster than sounds.The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun.2、主句是过去时态，宾语从句中有具体的过去某年、主句是过去时态，宾语从句中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语：时态不变。某月、某日作状语：时态不变。e.g.Xiao Wang said,“I was born on April 21,1980.”Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21,1980.3、if 或或 whether引导宾语从句时，两者可互换，但若从句引导宾语从句时，两者可互换，但若从句 中有中有or not时，只能用时，只能用whether，而不能用，而不能用if。e.g.1)Lucy asks me if/whether I have brothers.2)The lady wants to know whether it will rain or not this afternoon.五、注意五、注意4、宾语从句的否定、宾语从句的否定 一般情况下，宾语从句的否定与一般句子的否定一般情况下，宾语从句的否定与一般句子的否定一样，一样，但动词但动词think,believe等后跟宾语从句时，宾语等后跟宾语从句时，宾语从句的否定通常前移至主句中。从句的否定通常前移至主句中。e.g.I dont think you are right.我认为你不对。我认为你不对。We dont believe she can swim.我们相信她不会游泳。我们相信她不会游泳。5、宾语从句与反意疑问句连用规律、宾语从句与反意疑问句连用规律含有宾语从句的反意疑问句有两种形式：含有宾语从句的反意疑问句有两种形式：1）反意部分和主句谓语动词呼应。）反意部分和主句谓语动词呼应。e.g.He says that he is wrong,doesnt he?2）如果主句的主语是第一人称单数）如果主句的主语是第一人称单数I，且谓语动词，且谓语动词 为为think,believe,suppose等等,反意疑问句一般和反意疑问句一般和 宾语从句的谓语呼应。宾语从句的谓语呼应。e.g.I think he is right,isnt he?I dont believe that he will come,will he?宾语从句的用法宾语从句的用法一般疑问句充当宾语从句一般疑问句充当宾语从句特殊疑问句充当宾语从句特殊疑问句充当宾语从句疑问代词或疑问副词疑问代词或疑问副词陈述句充当宾语从句陈述句充当宾语从句thatif/whether2.语序语序 陈述句语序陈述句语序3.时态时态主主句句一般现在时一般现在时一般一般过去过去时时从从句句按实际情况用相应时态按实际情况用相应时态过去过去的某种时态的某种时态1.引导词的选择引导词的选择值得注意的是值得注意的是：如果从句说的是如果从句说的是客观现象或真理客观现象或真理，无论，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时一般现在时。Exercises(IV)15.-Could you let me know _ yesterday?-Because the traffic was heavy.（05年海南省中考题）年海南省中考题）A.why did you come late B.why you came late C.why do you come late D.why you come late16.I dont know _.A.when do they finish the work B.when will they finish the work C.when they will finish the work17.-Do you know _ going to leave Sanya?-Sorry,I dont know.Maybe next month.(06年海南省课改区中考题年海南省课改区中考题)A.how long he is B.how long is he C.when he is D.when is he18._ leave for Shanghai?A.When do you think shall we B.Do you think when we shall C.When do you think we shall19.She is new here.I dont know _.(07年海南省中考题年海南省中考题)A.where she is from B.where is she from C.where does she come from20.Please ask her_.A.whats wrong with him B.why she did that for.C.what the matter is with him D.what does her father look likeExercises(V)21.The boy said _ he would go to Sanya on vocation22.Who can tell me _ he said at the meeting.23.I wonder _ she will be back or not.24.The small boy didnt know_ they were waiting for.25.Could you tell me _ the nearest bank is?26.She asked me _ I had been to Beijing.根据句意，填上正确的连接词。根据句意，填上正确的连接词。thatwhatwhetherwho/whomwhereif/whetherExercises(VI)27.Mother told her child the sun_(rise)in the east and _(set)in the west.28.Mary said she _(learn)painting in 2005.29.I think Jack _(come)back in a week.30.I hear Betty _(read)the story several times.根据句意，用所给动词的正确形式真空。根据句意，用所给动词的正确形式真空。risessetslearnedwill comehas read