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Present Perfect Present Perfect TenseTense一、什么叫现在完成时一、什么叫现在完成时 1.I have just lent my book to John.(I dont have the book now.)现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但和现在情况有关，既用一个发生在过和现在情况有关，既用一个发生在过去的动作来说明现在的情况。去的动作来说明现在的情况。2.My uncle has lived in that street since he came to this city.(He began to live there many years ago,he lives there now and he will go on living there.)二、现在完成时的构成二、现在完成时的构成 1.Jack has gone to the cinema.2.They have finished their homework.助动词助动词 have/has过去分词过去分词Jack hasnt gone to the cinema.Has Jack gone to the cinema?Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.Have they finished their homework?Yes,they have./No,they havent.They havent finished their homework.现在完成时用法（一）现在完成时用法（一）过去过去的的(结束性结束性)动作产生的影响或结动作产生的影响或结果果现在现在还存在还存在。1.常用常用短暂性动词短暂性动词做谓语动词做谓语动词.如如arrive,get,finish,borrow,open,stop,begin,go,come,die,fall,2.时间状语常用时间状语常用already,just,yet,ever,before,once(一次一次),recently 等等 不具体不具体的过去时间的过去时间 或或不带有不带有时间状语时间状语三、现在完成时的用法三、现在完成时的用法1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对 现在造成的影响或结果。现在造成的影响或结果。-Have you had your lunch yet?-Yes,I have.I have just had it.(现在不饿了。)I have already posted the photos.(照片已不再我这里了)Mary with his family has never been to China before.-Have they ever heard of the story?-No,not yet.Adverbs of time before,by now(so far),到目前为止到目前为止 once,twice,just,recently yet(否否/疑疑),already(肯肯),ever,never,曾经，从不曾经，从不 Exercises:一、按要求变化下列各句。1.She has listened to a piece of foreign music.（否定句）（否定句）2.I have got something important to do.（一般疑问句）（一般疑问句）3.Have you ever traveled on a train?（否（否定回答）定回答）She hasnt listened to a piece of foreign music.Have you got anything important to do.He has already finished a story book.4.He finished reading a story-book.（改成现在完成时）（改成现在完成时）5.Li Lei has eaten some dumplings for his breakfast.（对划线问）（对划线问）6.Ive worked out the maths problem.（对划线部分提问）（对划线部分提问）Who has worked out the maths problem?What has Li lei eaten for his breakfast?No,I havent.二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.-Are you sure you _(lose)the book?v-Yes.I _(look)for it everywhere.But I still_(can not)find it.2.-_ you _(take)the medicine yet?v-Yes,I _(take)it half an hour ago.3.I _(never,meet)her sister before.4.He _(just,watch)a football game.He is so tired and hungry now.5.-How many times _ you _(read)this book?v-I _(read)it several times.have losthave lookedcantHavetakentookhave never methas just watchedhavereadhave read6.My brother _(buy)a car last month.7.-Where is Joan?-She _(go)to the cinema.8.You can turn off the radio now.I _(hear)the news already.I _(hear)it at 8 oclock.9.Jack _(not find)his watch yet.10.-_ Wei Fang _(come)yet?-Yes,she _ (come)already.-When _ she _(come)?-She _ (come)just now.boughthas gonehave heardheardhasnt foundHas comehas comedid comecamev1.都表示过去发生的事v2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；v3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last,ago,yesterday,etc.）presentpastI have lived here for two yearsI have lived here for two yearsI lived there 2 years agoI lived there 2 years agoeg.1.He had his breakfast at 6:00 He has had his breakfast.2.When did you come here?I watched the football match on TV at 9:00.Exercisesv1.I _(have)lunch already.v2.Has the train_(arrive),yet?v3.Tome _ never_(be to)China.v4.The twin _just _(see)my father.v5.The twins _(see)my father just now.v6.Many tall buildings _(build)in the past 5 years.have hadarrivedhasbeen tohasseensawhave been builtv用法二用法二：for+段时间段时间 since+点时间点时间 since+句子（过去时）句子（过去时）E.g.Kate has lived here for 3 years.Kate has lived here since 3 years ago.Kate has lived here since she came to China.表示过去某个时间开始的动作表示过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与使用延续性动词。常与forfor或或sincesince引导的时间连用引导的时间连用常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变varrive/come/go to die vbecome a borrowvLeave/move vbuy openvjoin vstart/begin finish/endvcatch a cold get up vget to know get out vclose wake upvgo to sleepvbecome interested in be in be deadhavekeepbe away/be out be abe in/a member ofbe openbe onbe overhave a coldbe upknowbe outbe closedbe awakebe asleep/sleepbe interested inExercises vHis father has died.(for 2 years)vThe football match has begun.(since9:00a.m)vThe twins have joined the army.(since they are 18years old)vMy teacher has just left Nanjing.(for 3 days)His father has been dead for 2 years.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.The twins have been soldiers/been in the army since they are 18years old.My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days重点句型重点句型:It is/has been+段时间段时间+since从句从句 段时间段时间+has passed+since从句从句eg.他死了两年了：He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years/since two years ago It is/has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died.v1.这本书我借了一个月了。I borrowed this book a month ago.It is/has been a month since I borrowed the book.I have kept the book for a month./since a month ago.A month has passed since I borrowed the book.Have/has gone tohave/has been to have/has been invhave/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；vhave/has been to:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语;vhave/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。Exercises vTom 在哪儿？他去书店买书了。v我在北京待了5年了。vJack 去过上海两次了-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.I have been in Beijing for 5 years.Jack has been to Shanghai twice.Correcting v1.I have borrowed the book for 3 months.v2.My bother has joined the army since he was 18.v3.Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.v4.The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.v5.When has Mr.Li caught a bad cold?have kepthas been in/been a member of the armysince 5 years ago/for 5 yearscame didcatchv6.Ten years have passed since they got married.v7.Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.v8.What time have the factory opened?v9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twicehashas been indidopenbeen toExercises vI am an American boy I came to China two years ago.I _(study)here for two years.My father often (take)me_ (play)football on the playground.Last week I _(take)to the park by him.We saw a lot of monkeys (jump)in the tree.I heard a voice from behind When I (walk )along the river.I thought myself.“It must_ (be)Mr.Brown.He _(take)photos.”We_ (enjoy)that day.We _ (go)back to America next week.have studied takesto playWas taken wakedjumpbeis takingenjoyedwill go
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