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2024年5月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试 英语三级笔译实务试卷Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.Old people in Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldnt see the sky. Now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is.Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Saharas advance, said Gilles Boetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegalese researchers in the region.“The local Peul people are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure of the herds on the land has become too great,” Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The vegetation cant regenerate itself.”Since 2024, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the countrys segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great Green Wall.First proposed in 2024, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states in an alliance to plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert. While many countries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal has taken the lead, with the creation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall.“This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,” Col. Pap Sarr, the agencys technical director, said in an interview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology, medicine and anthropology. “In Senegal we hope to experiment with different ways of doing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,” the colonel said. Each year since 2024, from May to June, about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting. In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants, allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry season sets in.After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees planted in 2024 are up to three meters, or 10 feet, tall. So far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted, including 4,000 hectares this summer.There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-Luc Peiry, a physical geography professor at the Universit Blaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand, France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels.“Preliminary results show that clumps of four to eight small trees can have an important impact on temperature,” Professor Peiry said in an interview. “The transpiration of the trees creates a microclimate that moderates daily temperature extremes.” “The trees also have an important role in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the Sahara,” he added. Wildlife is responding to the changes. “Migratory birds are reappearing,” Mr. Boetsch said.The project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before Senegal achieved its independence from France in 1960. The pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals, tree nurseries and gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into English.健康是促进人的全面发展的必定要求。提高人民健康水平，实现病有所医的志向，是人类社会的共同追求。在中国这个有着13亿多人口的发展中大国，医疗卫生关系亿万人民健康，是一个重大民生问题。中国高度重视爱护和增进人民健康。宪法规定，国家发展医疗卫生事业，发呈现代医药和传统医药，爱护人民健康。多年来，中国坚持“以农村为重点，预防为主，中西医并重，依靠科技与教化，动员全社会参加，为人民健康服务，为社会主义现代化建设服务”的卫生工作方针，努力发展具有中国特色的医疗卫生事 业。经过不懈努力，覆盖城乡的医疗卫生服务体系基本形成，疾病防治实力不断增加，医疗保障覆盖人口逐步扩大，卫生科技水平日益提高，居民健康水平明显改善。随着中国工业化、城市化进程和人口老龄化趋势的加快，居民健康面临着传染病和慢性病的双重威逼，公众对医疗卫生服务的需求日益提高。与此同时，中国卫生资源特殊是优质资源短缺、分布不均衡 的冲突依旧存在，医疗卫生事业改革与发展的任务特别艰难。答案司恩高利村的老人们常说，他们记得曾经该村周边树木多得遮天蔽日。如今，司恩高利这个塞内加尔 西北小村已被绵延数英里的红棕色沙子包围，沙子上零星散布着灌木丛和树丛。干结的动物粪便到处都是， 但干枯的草却很难到处可见。 过度放牧和气候变更是导致撒哈拉沙漠扩张的主要缘由，人类学家吉勒思波特舍这样说道，他带领 的一队法国科学家正和塞内加尔探讨员一道在此开展探讨工作。“当地的颇耳族人以放牧为生，且常常是 流淌放牧。但是畜群对草地带来的压力太大以致于植被无法复生，”波特舍先生在一次采访中说道。 不过，塞内加尔自 2024 年起就始终抗击不断扩张的沙漠的侵袭。每年，该国将约 200 万株树苗沿 545 千米（约 340 英里）长的狭长地带栽种，这块狭长地带是“绿色长城”这一泛非洲植被再生工程在塞内加 尔境内的部分。“绿色长城”这一工程在 2024 年被提出，它将塞内加尔和其他 10 个地处撒哈拉的国家联 接成同盟来通过植树创建一个 15 千米宽、7100 千米长的绿化带，以此阻挡沙漠的扩张。随着主管其境内 的“绿色长城”工程的一个国家级机构的成立，塞内加尔在植树治沙方面已经走在了前列，而很多国家甚 至都还没有着手建设它们境内的绿化带屏障。 “这个半干燥地区正变得越来越不相宜居住。我们想让人们还能够接着在此居住，”帕萨上校在一次 采访中说道，他是这个新成立的机构的技术主任。萨上校已促成塞内加尔探讨人员和波特舍领导的法国科 学家团队在土壤微生物学、生态学、药学和人类学方面组成探讨联盟。萨上校说：“随着其他国家变得更 主动起来，我们希望塞内加尔尝试的不同治沙方式能让这些国家受益” 。自 2024 年起，每年 4 月到 6 月， 约 400 名工人会受雇于 8 个苗圃室，他们要选择种子、照看种子的发芽，然后修剪幼苗直到这些幼苗能用 于载种。到了 8 月，1000 多人将被调动来栽种一排排树苗，约 200 万株，这就使得这些树苗在漫长而干燥 的旱季到来前能有足足两个月的雨季来扎根。 在经验了第一个旱季之后，这些小树苗看上去都枯死了，只剩棕色的枝条从地上的洞中凸出来，但 80% 的树苗都会存活。6 年之后，这些 2024 年栽下的树苗已经长到了 3 米之高（约 10 英寸）。迄今已有 30000 公顷，约 75000 英亩的地带已经栽上了树木，其中 4000 亩是今年夏天栽种的。 “植树对微气候的影响已经显现，”法国克莱蒙费朗市布莱斯帕斯卡高校物理地理学教授让吕克派 瑞说道，他在一些已经栽种了树木的地带放置了 30 个传感器来记录温度变更。 “初步的结果显示 4 至 8 棵 树组成的树丛能对温度产生重要影响，”派瑞教授在一次采访中说道。 “树木体表的水分蒸发能创建一个微 气候，这个微气候能降低每日温度的上限。” “同时，这些树木在减轻大风造成的土壤流失、削减沙尘以及 起到粗糙的地垫作用方面功不行没，从而阻断从撒哈拉刮来的满是沙子的大风”他补充说道。野生动物因 这些变更而变更了行为。波特舍先生说：“迁徙的鸟类重现此地。” 该工程所用的 8 个地下水泵站建于 1954 年，即在塞内加尔 1960 年脱离法国统治取得独立之前。这些 水泵抽取地下水灌满巨型蓄水盆，而这些蓄水盆为动物、苗圃室和种植有果树的花园供水。大师兄翻硕译文一：Good health is a prerequisite for promoting all-round development of the person.And it is a common pursuit of human societies toimprove peoples healthand ensuretheirright to medical care.For China, alarge developing country, medical and healthcare is of vital importance to its population of over 1.3 billion, and is a major issue concerningits peopleswellbeing. China pays great attention to protecting and improving its peoples health. As the Constitution stipulates, The state develops medical and health services, promotes modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine., allfortheprotectionof thepeoples health. Over the years, China has worked hard to develop its medical and health services with Chinese characteristics in accordance with the policy of making rural areas the focus of our work, putting disease prevention first, supporting both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, relying on science, technology and education, and mobilizing the whole of society to join the efforts, improving the peoples health and serving socialist modernization. Thanks to unremitting efforts that have been made, medical and healthcare systems covering both urban and rural residents have taken shape, the capabilities of disease prevention and control have been enhanced, the coverage of medical insurance has expanded, continuous progress has been made inmedical science andtechnology,andthepeoples healthhas beenremarkablyimproved. With the quickened pace of the countrys industrialization and urbanization, as well as its increasingly aging population, the Chinese people are facing the dual health threats of infectious and chronic diseases, and the public needs better medical and health services. In the meantime, problems still exist regarding Chinas health resources, especially the shortage of high-quality resources and the unbalanced distribution of those resources. China has arduous tasksaheadforreforminganddevelopingitsmedical andhealthservices.大师兄翻硕版译文二：Good health is a prerequisite for the all-round development of a man.To improve peoples health and ensure their access to health care is a goal being pursued by all societies. Health care, which has a direct bearing on peopleshealth, isarealpublicconcerninChina,alargedeveloping countrywith apopulation of1.3billion. China attaches great importance/pays much attention to protecting and improving peoples health. For example, it has been enshrined in/written into the constitution that for the sake of peoples health, the state has an obligation todevelop thehealthcaresystemandpromotemodernmedicineandtraditionalChinese medicine. Over the years, China has been working hard to build a health care system with Chinese characteristics, sticking to the principles of “health service in rural areas being the centerpiece/key part of its effort; disease prevention being putting first; traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine being equally emphasized; science, technology and education being the ways by which the system is created; all members of the society being encouraged to contribute to the system; the system being for the health of the public and Chinas socialist modernization ”. After years of relentless efforts, China has basically built a health care system covering both ruraland urbanresidents andhas constantly improved its ability toprevent andcurediseases aswell asits medical technologies, with medical insurance covering an ever-increasing number of people and peoples health being markedlyimproved. Withthe paceof Chinasindustrialization andurbanization acceleratingand thepopulationbeing increasingly aging, the Chinese people are confronted with the dual threat posed by infectious diseases and chronic diseases, for which theres a great demand for health care service among the public. In the meantime, the problems of the lack of medical resources, high-quality ones in particular and the distribution of medical resources being uneven still persist,which meansthatChinahas adauntingtaskof reforming andimprovingitshealthcaresystem.2024 年 11 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试 英语三级笔译实务试卷Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Western Europe, occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the countrys 4.6 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state. The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament.Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1922. Initially a dominion, Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence in the Statute of Westminster of 1931. A new constitution was adopted in 1937, by which the name of the state became “Ireland.” In 1949, Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic of Ireland act 1948.Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita. In 1973, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth, coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality. The country achieved considerable prosperity from 1995 to 2024. This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in 2024, in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash.In 2024 and 2024 Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index. It also performs well in several metrics of national performance, including freedom of the press, economic freedom and civil liberties. It pursues a policy of neutrality through non-alignment.The population of Ireland stood at 4,588,252 in 2024, an increase of 8.2 percent since 2024. As of 2024, Ireland had the highest birth rate in the European Union (16 births per 1,000 of population). In 2024, 35.1 percent of births were to unmarried women. Annual population growth rates exceeded 2 percent during the 2024-2025 period, which was attributed to high rates of natural increase and immigration. This rate declined somewhat during the subsequent 2024-2025 period, with an average growth rate of 1.6 percent.Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality. In 2024, Ireland was ranked the most charitable country in Europe, and second most charitable in the world. Contraception was controlled in Ireland until 1979, however, the receding influence of the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly secularized society . In 1983, the Eighth Amendment recognized “the right to life of the unborn”, subject to qualifications concerning the “equal right to life” of the mother. The passage of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantees the right to have an abortion performed abroad, and the right to learn about “services” that are illegal in Ireland, but legal abroad. The prohibition on divorce in the 1937 Constitution was repealed in 1995 under the Fifteenth Amendment. Divorce rates in Ireland are very low compared to European Union averages while the marriage rate in Ireland is slightly above the European Union average.Capital punishment is constitutionally banned in Ireland, while discrimination based on age, gender, sexual orientation, marital or familial status, religion and race is illegal.Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental levy for plastic shopping bags in 2024 and a public smoking ban in 2024. Recycling in Ireland is carried out extensively and Ireland has the second highest rate of packaging recycling in the European Union.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into English.不冲突不对抗，是构建中美新型大国关系的必要前提。有探讨显示，历史上大约有过 15 次新兴大国的崛起，其中有 11 次与既有大国之间发生了对抗和斗争。但现在的世界已今非昔比，中美之间乃至 全球各国之间已是日趋紧密的利益共同体，对抗将是双输，斗争没有出路。不冲突、不对抗的宣示，就 是要顺应全球化潮流，变更对中美关系的负面预期，解决两国之间的战略互不信，构建对中美关系前景 的正面信念。相互敬重，是构建中美新型大国关系的基本原则。世界是多样的，中美作为两个社会制度不同、历 史文化背景各异，同时又利益相互交织的大国，相互敬重就显得尤为重要。我们只有相互敬重对方人民 选择的制度与道路，相互敬重彼此的核心利益与关切，才能求同存异，进而聚同化异，实现两国的和谐 相处。合作共赢，是中美构建新型大国关系的必由之路。中美双方在双边关系各领域都有着广泛合作需求 和巨大合作潜力。此外，作为两个大国，环顾当今世界，从反恐到网络平安，从核不扩散到气候变更， 从中东和平到非洲发展，也都离不开中美两国的共同参加、合作和贡献。答案爱尔兰共和国是西欧的一个主权国家，其国土面积为爱尔兰岛的六分之五。爱尔兰的首都和最大城市 是都柏林，该国 460 万人口中约三分之一居住在这座大都市。唯一与爱尔兰在陆地上接壤的是英国的北爱 尔兰。爱尔兰是中心集权的议会制共和国，总统为国家元首，由选举产生。爱尔兰总理由议会下议院选出。 在爱尔兰独立斗争和随后签署的英爱条约之后，爱尔兰于 1922 年脱离联合王国获得独立。独立 之初的爱尔兰只是一块（仍受英国限制的）自治领，在 1931 英国议会通过威斯敏斯特条例后，爱尔 兰才获得英国对其立法独立的正式承认。 1937 年爱尔兰实施了一部新宪法，这部宪法规定该国的名称为“爱 尔兰”。在 1949 年，爱尔兰共和国法案 1948获得通过，爱尔兰宣布成为一个共和国。 以人均 GDP 计算，爱尔兰位居世界最富有国家行列。1973 年，爱尔兰通过了一系列自由经济政策， 这促进了经济的快速增长，同时社会不同等问题加剧。1995 年到 2024 年，该国经济蒸蒸而上。但其经济 良好态势被 2024 年爆发的史无前例的金融危机所中断，与此同时全球经济也遭遇重挫。在 2024 年和 2024 年的联合国人类发展指数报告中，爱尔兰位列最发达国家第七位。并且该国在 国家发展的其他几个指标方面表现突出，包括媒体自由、经济自由和公民自由方面。该国奉行不结盟的中立外交政策。 2024 年，爱尔兰人口为 4588252 人，自 2024 年来增加了 8.2%。截止 2024 年，爱尔兰的诞生率为欧 盟最高（每千人每年诞生 16 名婴儿）。2024 年，爱尔兰 35.1%的新生儿为未婚女性所生。在 2024 年到 2024 年这个阶段，爱尔兰每年人口增长率超过 2%，这归功于较高速度的自然人口增长和移民。这个增长率在 随后的 2024 年到 2024 年这个阶段略微下降，此阶段的人口年增长率为 1.6%。在性别同等方面，爱尔兰排名世界第五。在 2024 年，爱尔兰被评为欧洲最慈善国家第一名，世界最 慈善国家其次名。在 1979 年以前，避孕措施在爱尔兰是受到管制的，但罗马天主教影响力的消退导致了 爱尔兰社会越来越世俗化。1983 年，第八修正案承认了“未诞生的婴儿的生命权”，其所具有的生命权资格与其妈妈的生命权资格是同等的。第十三和第十四修正案的通过确保了女性有在国外堕胎的权利以及学 习“堕胎服务”的权利，这种服务在爱尔兰是违法的，但在国外是合法的。1937 年宪法禁止离婚的规定在 1995 年通过的第十五修正案中被废止了。与欧盟平均水平相比，爱尔兰的离婚率特别的低，而爱尔兰的结婚率则稍稍高于欧盟平均水平。 爱尔兰宪法禁止死刑，同时规定基于年龄、性别、性取向、婚姻或家庭状况、宗教和种族方面的卑视 是违法的。 爱尔兰在 2024 年起先对塑料购物袋开征环境税，2024 年起先在公共场所禁烟，而这些举措在世界上 均属首创。资源循环利用在爱尔兰开展的很广泛，爱尔兰的包装循环利用率在欧盟位居其次。“No conflict or confrontation” is the prerequisite for the new model of major-country relations between us. According to some study of history, there have been about 15 cases of rise of emerging powers. In 11 cases, confrontation and war broke out between the emerging and the established powers. However, we now live in a different world. China and the United States and in fact all countries in the world are part of a community of shared interests. Countries are increasingly interconnected. Neither of us will benefit from confrontation. Warwill get us nowhere. “No conflict or confrontation” means that we need to follow the trend of globalization, reverse negative projections of China-US relations, address strategic distrust and build confidence in the future of China-USrelations. “Mutual respect” is a basic principle for this new model. We live in a world of rich diversity. For China and the United States, two major countries different in social system, history and culture yet connected by intertwined interests, mutual respect is all the more important. Only by respecting each others system and path chosen by their people, as well as each others core interests and concerns can we seek common ground while reserving differences and, on that basis, expand common ground and dissolve differences so that China and the United States will beabletolivetogetherinharmony. “Win-win cooperation” is the only way to turn the vision into a reality. There is an enormous need and vast potential for bilateral cooperation in allfields. Besides, the world certainly needs Chinaand theUnited States, two major countries with great influence, to work together and contribute on issues ranging from counter terrorism to cyber security, from nuclear non-proliferation to climate change, and from peace in the Middle East to Africas development. Win-win progress is only possible when both countries are committed to growing cooperation. Moreover, such win-win outcome should not just be beneficial to China and the United States, it should also be beneficial toallcountriesintheworld.2024 年 5 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试 英语三级笔译实务试卷Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.For generations, coal has been the lifeblood of this mineral-rich stretch of eastern Utah. Mining families proudly recall all the years they toiled underground. Supply companies line the town streets. Above the road that winds toward the mines, a soot-smudged miner peers out from a billboard with the slogan “Coal = Jobs.”But recently, fear has settled in. The states oldest coal-fired power plant, tucked among the canyons near town, is set to close, a result of new, stricter federal pollution regulations.As energy companies tack away from coal, toward cleaner, cheaper natural gas, people here have grown increasingly afraid that their community may soon slip away. Dozens of workers at the facility here, the Carbon Power Plant, have learned that they must retire early or seek other jobs. Local trucking and equipment outfits are preparing to take business elsewhere.“There are a lot of people worried,” said Kyle Davis, who has been employed at the plant since he was 18. Mr. Davis, 56, worked his way up from sweeping floors to managing operations at the plant, whose furnaces have been burning since 1954. “I would have liked to be here for another five years,” he said. “Im too young to retire.”But Rocky Mountain Power, the utility that operates the plant, has determined that it would be too expensive to retrofit the aging plant to meet new federal standards on mercury emissions. The plant is scheduled to be shut by April 2024. “We had been working for the better part of three years, testing compliance strategies,” said David Eskelsen, a spokesman for the utility. “None of the ones we investigated really would produce the results that would meet the requirements.”For the last several years, coal plants have been shutting down across the country, driven by tougher environmental regulations, flattening electricity demand and a move by utilities toward natural gas. This month, the board of directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the countrys largest public power utility, voted to shut eight coal-powered plants in Alabama and Kentucky and partly replace them with gas-fired power. Since 2024, more than 150 coal plants have been closed or scheduled for retirement.The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the stricter emissions regulations for the plants will result in billions of dollars in related health savings, and will have a sweeping impact
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