英语口译简介课件

Presentation 1 An Brief Introduction to InterpretationEnglish InterpretingPresentation1AnBriefIntr1You will be destroyedYouwillbedestroyed2contents4The History of Interpreting1235The Knowledge Structure of InterpretersThe definition of InterpretationThe Process of InterpretationThe Types of Interpretationcontents4TheHistoryofInterp31.The Development of Interpretation 1)Spoken language is earlier than written language 2)Communication by means of interpreting 3)Professional interpreter training schools for interpreters1.TheDevelopmentofInterpre4 1)Spoken language emerged much earlier than written language1)Spokenlanguage5TheShangOracleBones,1600BC(ideographicwriting)The oracle bones or the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang DynastyTheShangOracleBones,1606The hieroglyph in ancient Egypt 5000 ago(ideographicwriting)The hieroglyph or pictograph created by the people in ancient Egypt about 5000 yearsThehieroglyphinancientEgyp7ThealphabeticwritingascribedbythePhoenicians1000B.C.The Phoenicians invented the first alphabetic letters in about 3000 years agoThealphabeticwritingascribe8Human beings began to speak 20.0000 years ago(spoken language emerged)Humanbeingsbegantospeak9 2)Communication by means of interpreting2)Communicationbymeanso10The spread of religions by interpretersBuddhism Christianity Islam Confucianism Thespreadofreligion11 Wencheng Princess and her marriage in Tubo Dynasty Wencheng Princess volunteered to marry Songzanganbu,the king of Tubo Dynasty in 640 when China was under the control of Tang DynastyWenchengPrincessandhermar12The Potala palace was constructed for welcoming Wencheng Princess to Tibet for marrying Songzanggangbu in the 7th century.Now it is one of the greatest architectures in the world.ThePotalapalacewasconstruc13 Maco Polo stayed in China for 17 years In 13th century,Maco Polo,the Italian traveler and businessman,came to China with his uncle and stayed for 17 years,visiting many places and cities in Yuan Dynasty and wrote a book titled the Travels of Marco Polo.MacoPolostayedin14IhavenottoldhalfofwhatIsaw.Amonghisomissions:1)teadrinking,2)calligraphy,3)thebindingofwomensfeettokeepthemsmall,and,mostglaring,4)theGreatWallofChina.5)PoloisnotmentionedinanyChineserecords.Ihavenottoldhalfofwha15 Christopher Columbus discovered the new world In 1492,Christopher Columbus,an Italian explorer and navigator discovered the new world,American continents.ChristopherColumbusdis16An Egg of ColumbusEverything is easy when you know how to do it.AnEggo17 Chinese children sent to USA by Qing Dynasty From 1870-1875,120 Chinese children(aged from 12-15)in Qing Dynasty,including Zhan Tianyou,who was in charge of the construction of the first railway in China,went to receive education in the USA.Chinesechildrensentt18 Seven Voyages to Western Oceans by Zheng He From 1405-1433,during the 28 years,Zheng He went to the western oceans for seven times,his voyage much earlier than Columbus.SevenVoyagestoWester19 The two world wars in the last century From 1914-1918,the First World War,1939-1945,the Second World War.Thetwoworldwars20 The United Nations was founded in 1945 After World War II,the United Nations was founded to provide a platform for dialogues among countries.TheUnitedNations21De GaulleDeGaulle22 The business among the countries in the world With the development of science and technology,people from different countries conduct international trade or business every day.Thebusinessamong23 The Olympic Games The Olympic Games is held every four years,which is participated by the athletes from over one hundred countriesTheOlympicGames243)Professional interpreters and interpreting training schools3)Professionalinterpretersa25 The first interpreters were called “tongue people”in ancient China In about 2000 years ago,those who worked as interpreters were called“译译“，”寄寄”，“象象”，“舌人舌人”。Thefirstinte26 The first professional interpreters emerged in Paris France after the First World War Just after World War I,some people began to work as professional interpreters for certain organizations for the purpose of politics,military war or international trade.Thefirstprofessiona27 The first school for interpreters at university was founded in Geneva in Switzerland in 1941 The Faculty of Translation and Interpreting of Geneva University was founded in 1941 for training professional translators and interpreters.Thefirstschoolfor28 The first school of translation and interpreting was founded in China in 2003 The first school of translation and interpreting was founded in Shanghai International Studies University in 2003,one of the 10 top schools of translation and interpreting in the world.Thefirstschooloft29 The No.1 interpreter in China since the 1950s Ji Chaozhu(冀朝铸），冀朝铸），N0.1 interpreter in China,worked as anInterpreter for Ma Zedong,Zhou Enlai,Deng Xiaoping,for three generations of CPC leaders for about 50 years.TheNo.1interpreter30 Master of Translation and Interpreting(MTI)are offered at over 100 hundred universities in China In 2007,several universities were granted to enroll undergraduates to study for MTI in two years.The students will study at university for two years and will be granted mater degree for translation and interpreting.MasterofTranslation312.The Definition of Interpretation 1)The definition of translation 2)The definition of interpretation 3)The difference between translation and interpreting 4)The definition of interpreters2.TheDefinitionofInterpret321)Definitionsoftranslation1)Definitionsof33(1)Translatingistheartofrecomposingaworkinanotherlanguagewithoutlosingitsoriginalflavor.-Columbia Encyclopedia(2)Translatingisthereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguage(SL)byequivalenttextualmaterialinanotherlanguage(TL).-J.C.Catford(1)Translatingisthearto34(3)Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.-Eugene A.Nida(4)Translationisarewritingofanoriginaltext.(3)Translatingconsistsinr352)Definitionsofinterpreting2)Definitionsof36 (1)It is defined as oral translation of a written text.(2)Interpreting is a service activity with a communication function.It is usually a face-to-face communicative act.(1)Itisdefinedasoralt37(3)Anextemporeoralreproductioninonelanguage,ofwhatissaidinanotherlanguage.(4)Anoraltransmissionofmessagesfromonelanguageintotheirequivalentsinanother,forthepurposeofachievingextemporeunderstandingbetweencommunicators.(3)Anextemporeoralrepro38 (5)口译是一种通过口头表达形式，将所听口译是一种通过口头表达形式，将所听到（间或读到）的信息到（间或读到）的信息准确而又快速准确而又快速地由一地由一种语言转换成另一种语言，进而达到传递与种语言转换成另一种语言，进而达到传递与交流信息之目的的交际行为，是人类在跨文交流信息之目的的交际行为，是人类在跨文化、跨民族交往活动中所依赖的一种基本的化、跨民族交往活动中所依赖的一种基本的语言交际工具。语言交际工具。英语口译简介课件39 http:/ between two people or among people orally.interpretation,interpretingTranslate:trans:across;late:bear,carry.Bearing something from one place to another.Carrying something from one language to another in written form.Interpret:Inter:between,am42(1)The key skill of a very good translator is the ability to write well，professional translators almost always work in only one direction,translating only into their native language,using a good library of dictionaries and reference materials,(2)An interpreter,on the other hand,has to be able to translate in both directions,without the use of any dictionaries on the spot.(1)Thekeyskillofaverygo43(3)Input:translation:well-writtentextsinterpreting:spokeninformation,disappearingquickly,withrepetitionandredundancies(4)Process of transfer:translation:enoughtimeinterpreting:quickresponse(5)Output:translation:writtentextinterpreting:speech(3)Input:44(6)Criteriatranslation:fidelity,fluency,elegance信达雅interpreting:quicknessaccuracy,fluencyfast,accurate,smooth快准顺(6)Criteria45准accuracyIhaventbeentoHongKongyet.IwasgoingtovisitHongKongnextyear.-我还没有去过香港，我打算明年去。-我还没有去过香港，我本来打算明年去的。准accuracyIhaventbeentoHo46顺fluencyThanksforwatchingourprogram,andyouenjoytherestoftheday.-谢谢您观看我们的节目，祝各位今天剩下的时间愉快。-谢谢您观看我们的节目，祝各位愉快。顺fluencyThanksforwatchingo47翻译之难翻译之难To be,or not to be,that is the question.朱生豪：生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。朱生豪：生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。梁实秋：死后是存在，还是不存在，梁实秋：死后是存在，还是不存在，这是问题。这是问题。卞之琳：活下去还是不活，这是问题。卞之琳：活下去还是不活，这是问题。许国璋：是生，是死，这是问题。许国璋：是生，是死，这是问题。王佐良：生或死，这就是问题所在。王佐良：生或死，这就是问题所在。方方 平：活着好，还是死了好，这是个难题啊。平：活着好，还是死了好，这是个难题啊。孙大雨：是生存还是消亡，问题的所在。孙大雨：是生存还是消亡，问题的所在。裘克安：活着，还是不活了，问题就在这里。裘克安：活着，还是不活了，问题就在这里。某教授：做与不做，真是个问题。某教授：做与不做，真是个问题。某剧本：生存或毁灭某剧本：生存或毁灭,这是个必答之问题。这是个必答之问题。翻译之难Tobe,ornottobe,that48苏格拉底：苏格拉底：这个世界上有两种人，一种是快乐的猪，一种这个世界上有两种人，一种是快乐的猪，一种是痛苦的人。做痛苦的人，不做快乐的猪。是痛苦的人。做痛苦的人，不做快乐的猪。要想向我学知识，你必须先有强烈的求知欲望，要想向我学知识，你必须先有强烈的求知欲望，就像你有强烈的求生欲望一样。就像你有强烈的求生欲望一样。苏格拉底：494)Thedefinitionsofinterpreters4)Thedefinitionsofinterpre50(1)译员是被用高薪请去别听人讲话的人;(2)译员是听得懂要翻听不懂更要翻的人;(3)译员是说完就忘忘了还要继续说的人;(4)译员是吃遍世界却离不开方便面的人;(5)译员是讲话人咳嗽行自己断不能咳嗽,否则就被说成只会鹦鹉学舌的人。(1)译员是被用高薪请去别听人讲话的人;51(6)Goodfoodtoeat(7)Goodpeopletomeet(8)Goodplacetovisit(9)Goodmoneytomake英语口译简介课件523 The knowledge structure of Interpreters1)KL:knowledge for languages2)EK:encyclopedic knowledge3)S(P+AP):professional interpreting skills+artistic presentation skills3Theknowledgestructureof53 In general:KI=KL+EK+S(P+AP)译员应该掌握的知识译员应该掌握的知识=双语知识双语知识+百科知识百科知识+技能技能(职业口译技能职业口译技能+艺术艺术表达技能表达技能)Ingeneral:KI=KL+EK+S(P+A54 1)KL:knowledge for languages High level of linguistic proficiency linguistic proficiency of English language linguistic proficiency of Chinese language1)KL:knowledgeforlangu55（1）三个和尚没水吃。Threemonkshavenowatertodrink.Everybodysbusinessmeansnobusiness(2)Onemansmeatisanothermanspoison.一个人的佳肴是他人的毒药。萝卜白菜，各有所爱。（3）Badnewstravelsfast.坏消息传得快。好事不出门，坏事传千里。（1）三个和尚没水吃。56 3)EK:encyclopedic knowledge(1)Professor of English(2)Dean of the School of Translation and Interpreting Shanghai International Studies University(3)Translator of the Chapter of Music of Britain Encyclopedia(4)Designer of the first website of SISU(5)Becholar of art in English(6)Master of science in computer(7)Master of science in psychology(8)Strong interest in fuzzy maths(9)Quite familiar with chemistry3)EK:encyclopedicknowled573)S(P+AP):skills=professional interpreting skills+artistic presentation skillsActive listeningDiscourse analysisNote takingRetellingPublic speakingParaphrasing Figures interpretingIdioms interpretingFuzzy interpretationCoping tactics3)S(P+AP):skills=professiona58Quite-wittednessOutstanding memory Cross-cultural communicationCalmnessStrong sense of responsibility Good professional ethics4)professionalism of interpretersQuite-wittedness4)professiona594 The Process of Interpreting1)Encoding-listening2)Memorizing3)3)Encoding-processing-delivering4TheProcessofInterpretingE60词汇语音句型词汇语音句型生理心理素质生理心理素质逻辑层次分析逻辑层次分析Decoding听入解码听入解码Memorizing短期记忆短期记忆Encoding编码输出编码输出记忆记忆=记记+忆忆记记=脑记脑记+笔记笔记短期记忆技巧短期记忆技巧口译笔记技巧口译笔记技巧公众陈述技巧公众陈述技巧句子结构转换句子结构转换跨文化交际能力跨文化交际能力数字传译技巧数字传译技巧专题词汇表达专题词汇表达Pre-job preparation and coping tactics译前准备策略、困境应对策略译前准备策略、困境应对策略Preparing译前准备译前准备Performing现场口译现场口译Packaging译后总结译后总结词汇语音句型DecodingMemorizingEncodi615 The Types of Interpretation1)Alternating Interpretation2)Simultaneous Interpretation3)Consecutive Interpretation)4)Simultaneous Interpretation5)Whispering Interpretation6)Sight Interpretation5TheTypesofInterpretation162交替翻译交替翻译(Alternating Interpretation)(Alternating Interpretation)同声传译同声传译(Simultaneous Interpretation)(Simultaneous Interpretation)接续翻译接续翻译(Consecutive Interpretation)(Consecutive Interpretation)同声传译同声传译(Simultaneous Interpretation)(Simultaneous Interpretation)耳语翻译耳语翻译(Whispering Interpretation)(Whispering Interpretation)视阅翻译视阅翻译(Sight Interpretation)(Sight Interpretation)交替翻译(AlternatingInterpretatio63 交替翻译(Alternating Interpretation)交替翻译是指译员同时以两种语言为说不同语言的交际双方进行交替式翻译。这种穿梭于双语之间的翻译是口译活动中最常见的一种方式。交替翻译的场合很广,可以是随和的、非事务性的交谈,也可以是正式的政府首脑会议,或者是记者招待会等。作为一种交谈式的转译行为,交替翻译的译员需不停地转换语言,需频繁穿梭于交谈双方或多方之间,来回传递以小语段为单位进行表达的信息。交替翻译(AlternatingInterpreta64 接续翻译(Consecutive Interpretation)接续翻译是一种为演讲者以句子或段落翻译单位进行的单向口译方式。接续翻译用于多种场合,如演讲、祝词、授课、高级会议、新闻发布会等。由于演讲者因种种原因需要完整地表达信息,所以他们往往习惯于连贯发言。这种情况需要译员以接续翻译的方式,在一方讲话的自然停顿间隙,将所听到的信息单位,完整地、一组接一组地传译给另一方。接续翻译(ConsecutiveInterpreta65 同声传译(Simultaneous Interpretation)同声传译,或称同声翻译,是一种译员在一方讲话的同时不停顿地将其讲话内容传译给另一方的口译方式。因为译员的翻译与一方的讲话几乎同步进行,所以这种翻译亦被称之为同步翻译。同声传译的最大优点在于它时间效率高,可保证讲话者作连贯发言,不会影响或中断讲话者的思绪,有利于听众对发言全文的通篇理解。由于同声传译以上一些优势,所以被认为是效率最高的翻译形式,通常被国际组织采纳为大会发言的传译手段。同声翻译有时也用于学术报告、授课讲座等场合。同声传译(SimultaneousInterpret66 耳语翻译(Whispering Interpretation)耳语翻译顾名思义是一种将一方的讲话内容用耳语的方式轻轻地传译给另一方。耳语翻译与同声传译一样,属于不停顿的连贯性翻译活动。所不同的是,同声传译的听众往往是群体,如国际会议的与会者等,而耳语翻译的听众则是个人,其对象往往是接见外宾、参加会晤的国家元首或高级政府官员。耳语翻译(WhisperingInterpretat67 视阅翻译(Sight Interpretation)视阅翻译(简称视译)的内容通常是一篇事先准备好的讲稿或文件。除非情况紧急,或出于暂时保密的缘故,译员可以在临场前几分钟甚至更长的一段时间得到讲稿或文件,译员可以将所需翻译的文稿快速浏览一遍。视阅翻译与同声传译和耳语翻译一样,同属不间断的全文连贯式口译活动。视阅翻译(SightInterpretation)68ThisisaproductlauncheventThisisaproductlaunchevent69ThisisatrainingcourseonsafedrivingThisisatrainingcourseons70ThisisaradiointerviewThisisaradiointerview71ThisisapressconferenceThisisapressconference72SimultaneousInterpretingSimultaneousInterpreting73Summery4The History of Interpreting1235The Knowledge Structure of InterpretersThe definition of InterpretationThe Process of InterpretationThe Types of InterpretationSummery4TheHistoryofInterpr74ThankYou!75