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Specialized English for AutomobileUnit oneAutomobile Structure1ContentsI.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Exercises2精选pptvTypesofModernAutomobilesv1）cars v2）passengercarsv3）trucksv4）tractorsandvehiclecombinationv5）specialtypevehiclev6）Self-dumpingcarv7）farmvehiclev8)off-roadvehicleI.Pre-questions3精选pptSpecialvehiclecarTractorTruckPassengerCars4精选ppt2、with respect to engine arrangement and driving type engine arrangement and driving typediagramfront engine、front-wheel drive front engine、rear-wheel driveRear engine、rear-wheel driveI.Pre-questions5精选pptvDoyouknowwhobuiltthefirstcarintheworldandwhen?vKarlBenzvIn1886I.Pre-questions6精选pptvHowmanymainpartsdoestheautomobileconsistof?1-engine2-chassis 3-body4-electrical systemI.Pre-questions7精选pptvWhichiscalledthe“heart”ofautomobile?vAnenginethatisusedtosupplypowerforanautomobilevWhatisthechassiscomposedof?vdrivingsystem,runninggear,steeringsystemandbrakesystem.I.Pre-questions8精选pptDrivingsystemBrakesystemSteeringsystemrunninggearI.Pre-questions9精选pptvWhatistheelectricalsystemcomposedof?vTheelectricsystemincludesthebattery,generator,startingsystem,ignitionsystem,lightingsystem,hornsystem,radioandotherdevices.I.Pre-questions10精选pptvWhatarethefunctionsofthefoursystems?vDrivingsystemworksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.vSuspensionsystemsfunctionistoincreasestrengthanddurabilityofcomponentsandtomeetcustomersrequirementsforridingcomfortanddrivingsafety.vSteeringsystemisusedtocontrolthedrivingdirectionofanautomobile.vBrakesystemisusedtoretardthemotionofthevehicle.I.Pre-questions11精选pptvInotherwords,anyautomobileiscomposedofthesectionssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricsystem.vInotherwords换换句句话说话说vbecomposedof由由.组组成成v译译文：文：换换句句话说话说，任何一，任何一辆辆汽汽车车都是由都是由发动发动机、机、底底盘盘、车车身和身和电电器器设备组设备组成的。成的。II.Text Explanation12精选pptvInotherwordsvInotherwords,theyremainrelativelyconstantorstatic.换换句句话说话说，它，它们们相相对对的的稳稳定、静止。定、静止。vInotherwords,wehaveadheredtoscientificsocialism.也就是也就是说说，我，我们坚们坚持了科学社会主持了科学社会主义义。vbecomposedofvNavymustbecomposedofsurfaceshipunitandsubmarineunit.v海海军军一定是由水面一定是由水面舰舰艇部艇部队队和潜艇部和潜艇部队组队组成。成。II.Text Explanation13精选pptvTheinternalcombustionengineburnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionor“explosion”intorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.vTheinternalcombustionengine内燃机内燃机vConvert.into.使使转变转变,转换转换.vPropelvt.推推进进,驱驱使使v译译文：文：内燃机在汽缸内燃内燃机在汽缸内燃烧烧燃料，然后把燃燃料，然后把燃烧烧或者或者“爆炸爆炸”所所产产生的膨生的膨胀胀力力变变成旋成旋转转力，用以推力，用以推动车辆动车辆前前进进。II.Text Explanation14精选pptvConvert.into.vTheyconvertedthegarageintoatheater.他他们们将将车库车库改成改成戏戏院。院。vconvertwaterintoice.v将水将水变变成冰成冰vconvertingfeetintometers.v将英尺将英尺换换算成公尺算成公尺II.Text Explanation15精选pptvBrakesystemisabalancedsetofmechanicalandhydraulicdevicesusedtoretardthemotionofthevehiclebymeansoffriction.vHydraulichai drlikadj.液液压压的的,水力的水力的vRetardri tdvt.延延迟迟,使减速使减速,阻碍阻碍vFriction friknn.摩擦摩擦,摩擦力摩擦力v译译文：文：制制动动系系统统是一套平衡的机械和液是一套平衡的机械和液压设备压设备，它可通它可通过过摩擦来阻止摩擦来阻止车辆车辆的运的运动动。II.Text Explanation16精选pptvbymeansof用用.方式（方法），依靠方式（方法），依靠vTheysucceededbymeansofperseverance.v他他们们依靠依靠坚坚忍不拔而忍不拔而获获得成功。得成功。vHealwaysgoestoschoolbymeansofbikev他他总总是是骑骑自行自行车车上学上学II.Text Explanation17精选pptII.Text ExplanationuIn1956,theNo.1AutoPlantwasestablishedinChangchun,andturnedoutthefirstbatchofliberationautomobilesforourcountry.vestablishvt.建立建立,设设立立,确定确定vturnedoutvt.生生产产,起床起床,翻出翻出,制造制造,关掉关掉v译译文：文：在在1956年，一汽在年，一汽在长长春成立了，并且春成立了，并且为为我我们们国家生国家生产产出了第一批解放牌出了第一批解放牌轿车轿车。18精选pptvturnoutvAvastcrowdturnedouttowatchthematch.v大群的大群的观观众到众到场观场观看比看比赛赛。vIfthedayturnsoutwetwemayhavetochangeourplans.v万一下雨的万一下雨的话话，我，我们们也也许许得改得改变计变计划。划。II.Text Explanation19精选ppt III.ExercisesuTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.vchassisvdrivingsystemvinternalcombustionenginevsteeringsystemvbrakingsystemvclutchvgearboxvuniversaljointvpropellershaftvgeneratoru底底盘盘u传动传动系系统统u内燃机内燃机u转转向系向系统统u制制动动系系统统u离合器离合器u变变速箱速箱u万向万向节节u驱动轴驱动轴u发电发电机机20精选pptvIdentifytheEnglishnamesofclutchaccordingtothepicture.III.Exercises1-engine;2-clutch;3-gearbox;4-propellershaft;5-differential;6-rearaxle21精选pptvThemotorvehicleengineisbasicallyadeviceforconvertingtheinternalenergystoredinitsfuelintomechanicalenergy.Itisclassifiedasaninternalcombustionenginebyvirtueofthisenergyconversiontakingplacewithintheenginecylinders.Sincetheterm”energy”impliesthecapacitytoperformwork,theengineisthusabletopropelthevehiclealongtheroadand,withinlimits,overcomeunwantedoppositiontoitsmotionarisingfromrollingfrictionandairdrag.Tofacilitatethisprocesstheengineiscombinedwithatransmissionsystem.III.Exercises22精选pptvI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.vIneffect,thedrivingsystemworksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.v实际实际上，上，传动传动系系统统的作用是将的作用是将发动发动机的机的动动力力传递传递到到驱动车轮驱动车轮。vTheelectricsystemsupplieslightinganddrivingpowerfortheautomobile.v电电气系气系统统可可为为汽汽车车提供照明和提供照明和驱动驱动的的电电力。力。vThebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.v车车身的式身的式样为样为汽汽车车提供了提供了诱诱人的，多彩的，人的，多彩的，现现代的外代的外观观形象。形象。III.Exercises23精选pptv汽汽车车主要由四个部分主要由四个部分组组成，他成，他们们是：是：发动发动机、底机、底盘盘、车车身身和和电电气气设备设备。vAnautomobileisgenerallycomposedoffoursectionssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricalsystem.v传动传动系由离合器、系由离合器、变变速箱、速箱、传动轴传动轴、后、后桥桥、差速器、从、差速器、从动动轮组轮组成。成。vThe transmission system consists of clutch,gearbox,propeller shaft,rear axle,differential andthedrivingroadwheels.。III.ExercisesII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.24精选pptv气气门门机构的作用是及机构的作用是及时时地吸入新地吸入新鲜鲜的混合气和排的混合气和排出出废废气气vThevalvegearprovidestimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylindersandexhaustofspentgasesfromthem.III.Exercises25精选pptSpecialized English for Automobile26Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-1Main Components of Engine 27ContentsPre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Exercises28精选pptI.Pre-questionsTheheartofautomobile29精选pptvWhatimpressionoftheengine?complicatedpowerI.Pre-questions30精选pptvWhataretheretypesoftheengine?velectricmotors,steamengines,andinternalcombustionenginesvWhatstheinternalcombustionengine?vburnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.I.Pre-questions31精选pptSingle-cylinder enginecylinderpistonPiston pinConnecting rodcrankshaftOil pipeIntake valveExhaust valve Timing gearOil pump32精选pptvwhatisthepowersourceofautomobileandhowtoproduce?pistonpistonpinconnectingrodcrankshaftEnginePowerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.Theconnectingrodtransmitstheup-and-downmotionofthepistontothecrankshaft,whichchangesitintorotarymotion.I.Pre-questions33精选pptvTheenginecomprisestwomechanismandfivesystems,whatarethey?vcrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism,vvalvegear,vcoolingsystem,vlubricatingsystem,vfuelsystem,vstartingsystem,vignitionsystemI.Pre-questions34精选pptconnecting rodflywheelcrankshaftpistonintake valveexhaust valvepush rodtappettiming gears Valve gear Connecting rod 35精选pptEngine cooling system36精选pptEngine lubricating system37精选pptFuel supply system38精选pptValve gear39精选pptvWhatsthefunctionofthecrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism?vItsfunctionistoconvertheatenergyintomechanicalenergyusedtodrivethevehicles.I.Pre-questions40精选pptvTheinternalcombustionengine,asitsnameindicates,burnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.v译译文：文：内燃机，内燃机，顾顾名思名思义义，就是燃料在气缸内部，就是燃料在气缸内部燃燃烧烧，并且把燃，并且把燃烧时烧时的膨的膨胀胀力力转转化化为驱动车辆为驱动车辆的的旋旋转转力。力。II.Text Explanation41精选pptvOfallautomobilecomponents,anautomobileengineisthemostcomplicatedassemblywithdominanteffectsonthefunctionofanautomobile.vcomplicated kmplikeitidvadj.复复杂杂的的,难难解的解的vdominance dm nnsn.优势优势,统统治治v译译文：文：汽汽车发动车发动机是一切汽机是一切汽车车部件中部件中结结构最复构最复杂杂，对对汽汽车车功能起支配作用的一个功能起支配作用的一个总总成。成。II.Text Explanation42精选pptvItsfunctionistoconvertheatenergyintomechanicalenergyusedtodrivethevehicles.vConvertinto.转变转变；变换变换v译译文：文：它的作用就是将它的作用就是将热热能能转换转换成机械能用来成机械能用来驱驱动动汽汽车车。II.Text Explanation43精选pptvConvert.into.v转变转变；变换变换vThatbuildinghasbeenconvertedintoaschool.v那座楼房改成学校了。那座楼房改成学校了。v兑换兑换vIwanttoconvertsomeHongKongdollarsintoAmericandollars.v我想把一些港元我想把一些港元换换成美元。成美元。v改改变变信仰、党派或意信仰、党派或意见见等等vShemanagedtoconverthimtoheropinion.v她她终终于于设设法法说说服了他接受她的意服了他接受她的意见见。II.Text Explanation44精选pptvPowerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.vlinear liniadj.线线的的,直直线线的的,线线性的性的vpiston pistnn.活塞活塞II.Text Explanation45精选pptvThepistonattachedtothetopofaconnectingrodbyapin,calledapistonpinorwristpin.vattachtov.连连接接vconnectingrod连连杆杆vpistonpin=wristpin活塞活塞销销II.Text Explanation46精选pptvTheconnectingrodtransmitstheup-and-downmotionofthepistontothecrankshaft,whichchangesitintorotarymotion.vtransmitto把把传传到到vwhichchangesitintorotarymotion定定语语从句从句II.Text Explanation47精选pptvdieselenginesvwaterpumpvtheignitiondistributorvoilpanvtiminggearvcrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanismvvalvegearvfuelsystemvexhaustpipevexhaustmanifoldIII.ExercisesTranslate the following expressions into Chinese.u柴油发动机u水泵u分电器u油底壳u正时齿轮u曲柄连杆机构u配气机构u燃油系统u排气管u排气歧管48精选pptv1-cylinderheadcoverv2-pistonv3-timingtoothedbeltv4-waterpumpv5-oilpanv6-oilpumpv7-crankshaftv8-flywheelv9-distributorv10-valveIII.Exercises49精选pptvThecrankshaftrepresentsthefinallinkintheconversionofreciprocatingmotionatthepistontooneofrotationattheflywheel.Inthecastofthemulti-cylinderengine,thecrankshafthastocontroltherelativemotionsofthepistons,whilereceivingtheirownimpulses.Aone-piececonstructionismostcommonlyusedforthemotor-vehiclecrankshaft,whichextendsthewholelengthoftheengineandmustthereforepossessconsiderablerigidity.III.Exercises50精选pptvThetiming-drivefortheenginevalvemechanismistakenfromthefrontendofthecrankshaft asisthepulleyandbeltdrivefortheengineauxiliaries,suchasthecoolingfanandthealternatorforelectricalsystem.attachedtotherearendofthecrankshaftistheengineflywheel.III.Exercises51精选pptvI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.v1Engineisthepowersourceoftheautomobile.Powerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.v发动发动机是汽机是汽车车的的动动力源力源.它通它通过过汽缸内的活塞汽缸内的活塞线线性运性运动产动产生生的的.v2Thefuelsystemworksaccordingtotherequirementsoftheengineasitprovidesanair-fuelmixturewhichmustbeinproportiontothespeedandloadplacedontheengine.v燃油系燃油系统统的作用是根据的作用是根据发动发动机的机的转转速和速和负负荷提供一定比例荷提供一定比例的可燃混合气以的可燃混合气以满满足足发动发动机的需求。机的需求。III.Exercises52精选pptv3Thevalvegearprovidestimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylindersandexhaustofspentgasesfromthem.v配气机构机构可定配气机构机构可定时时的将新的将新鲜鲜气体充入气缸，并气体充入气缸，并且将且将废废气排放出去。气排放出去。III.Exercises53精选pptv1发动发动机主要有两大机构五大系机主要有两大机构五大系统组统组成。成。vAnengineismainlycomposedoftwomechanismsandfivesystems.v2曲柄曲柄连连杆机构主要包括机体杆机构主要包括机体组组，活塞，活塞连连杆杆组组和曲和曲轴飞轴飞轮组轮组。vThecrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanismmainlyconsistsoftheenginecrankcaseandcylinderblock,thepistonandconnectingrod,thecrankshaftandflywheel.III.ExercisesII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.54精选pptv3水水泵泵工作工作时时，可以将冷却液在，可以将冷却液在发动发动机水套中和散机水套中和散热热器器之之间间来回流来回流动动。vWhenrevolving,thewaterpumpcirculatescoolantbetweentheenginewaterjacketsandtheradiator.III.Exercises55精选pptIII.ExercisesvPrinciple of Four-stroke Engine1、intake stroke 2、compress stroke 3、power stroke 4、exhaust stroke IntakevalveExhaustvalve56精选pptSpecialized English for Automobile57Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-2 Cylinder Block and Cylinder Head 58ContentsI.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Exercises59精选pptEngine Bodycrankcasecylinder blockcylinder headcylinderoil passage and water passageoil panThecylindergasket60精选pptvWhatistheengineblockcomprisedof?vthecylindersectionandthecrankcasesectionI.Pre-questionsthecylindercrankcase61精选pptI.Pre-questionsvHowmanytypeshastheenginearrangement,whatarethey?In-lineV-typeHorizontallyopposedtype62精选pptvWhatsthefunctionandthematerialofthecylinderhead?vFunction：SealthetopthecylinderandformthecombustionchamberwiththepistonandthecylindervMaterial:greyironoralloyironaluminumI.Pre-questions63精选pptcylinder gasket cylinder headcylinder coverpadto fit spark plugI.Pre-questions64精选pptvWhattypesofthecombustionchambersarethere?I.Pre-questionswedge-shapedbasin-shapedhemispherical65精选pptvTheengineblockisthemainsupportingstructuretowhichallotherpartsareattacheddirectlyorindirectly.vattachedt ttvt附上附上.的的vdirectlyadv.直接地直接地vIndirectlyadv.间间接地接地v译译文：气缸体是主要的支承部件，它可以将其它文：气缸体是主要的支承部件，它可以将其它部件直接或部件直接或间间接的装配在上面。接的装配在上面。II.Text Explanation反反义词义词66精选pptvThesurfacesaremachinedtoallowthepistonstomovewithminimumwearandfriction.vallowvt允允许许，承，承认认vallowsb.todosth.vallowdoingsth.vFriction friknn.摩擦摩擦,摩擦力摩擦力v译译文：文：加工出的表面允加工出的表面允许许活塞在最小磨活塞在最小磨损损和摩擦力下运和摩擦力下运动动。II.Text Explanation67精选pptvAllow使使成成为为可能，允可能，允许许v近近义词义词：permitvThewindfallallowedmetobuyahouse.v这这意外之意外之财财使我使我得以得以购购置一幢房子。置一幢房子。vAllowmetointroducemyself.v请请允允许许我自我介我自我介绍绍一下。一下。II.Text Explanation68精选pptvWiththeincreasedconcernforprovidinghigheroutputandlowerfuelconsumption,carmanufacturesaretryingtomakethevehiclelighter.vConcernvt.涉及涉及,关系到关系到n.关心关心,关注关注vconcernfor对对.的关心的关心/忧虑忧虑vconcernwith和和.有关（一般用有关（一般用.+beconcernedwith.）vconsumptionn.消消费费,消消费费量量v译译文：文：随着随着对对汽汽车产车产量和低燃耗的关注度越来越高，量和低燃耗的关注度越来越高，汽汽车车生生产产厂家尽量把汽厂家尽量把汽车车做的做的轻轻一些。一些。II.Text Explanation69精选pptvConcernvt.v1.(不用被不用被动语态动语态)关于关于v2.涉及涉及,关系到关系到;影响到影响到Theletterischieflyconcernedwithexportcommodities.这这封信主要是关于出口商品的。封信主要是关于出口商品的。Thenewsconcernsyourbrother.这这消息与你兄弟有关。消息与你兄弟有关。v3.使担心使担心;使不安使不安(+about/for)vTheboyspoorhealthconcernedhisparents.那男孩健康状况不佳那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母使他的父母亲忧虑亲忧虑。Heisconcernedforhersafety.他担心她的安全。他担心她的安全。v4.使关心使关心(+about/with)vHewasveryconcernedabouther.他他对对她非常关心。她非常关心。II.Text Explanation70精选pptvItshouldbepaidattentiontothedirectionwhenfixing.vto是介是介词词,所以后面接名所以后面接名词词以及以及动动名名词词.vpayattentiontosth./doingsth.vPleasepayattentiontotakingcareofyourbaby.v请请注意照注意照顾顾好你的小孩好你的小孩.v译译文：文：应该应该注意装配注意装配时时的方向。的方向。II.Text Explanation71精选pptCylinder gasketFunction：fitted between the cylinder block and cylinder head to seal the area between them and prevent leakage of gas,oil and water.Pay attention to the direction when fixing II.Text Explanation72精选pptvInordertomakethealuminumstrongerandlesslikelytowarp,certainmaterialsareaddedtothemetalorasteellinerplacedintheblock.vInorderto为为了了vWestartedearlyinordertoarrivebeforedark.v为为了在天黑前到达了在天黑前到达,我我们们很早就很早就动动身了。身了。II.Text Explanation73精选pptvwarpw:pvn.弯曲弯曲,歪曲歪曲vt.弄歪弄歪,使使翘翘曲曲vi.变变弯弯,变变歪歪vaddedtovincresed（本身）增加（本身）增加vaddedto(别别人，人，别别的的东东西西)增加增加v译译文：文：为为了使了使铝铝制材料制材料强强度更高，尽可能的减少度更高，尽可能的减少弯曲弯曲变变形，可加入一定的金属材料或者在缸体内形，可加入一定的金属材料或者在缸体内镶钢镶钢缸套。缸套。区区别别 II.Text Explanation74精选pptvcylinderblockvcylinderheadvoilpanvcylindergasketvcylinderlinervwedge-shapedcombustionchambervbasin-shapedcombustionchambervin-lineenginesvsparkplugsvinjectionIII.ExercisesTranslate the following expressions into Chinese.v气缸体气缸体v气缸盖气缸盖v油底壳油底壳v气缸气缸垫垫v缸套缸套v楔形燃楔形燃烧烧室室v盆形燃盆形燃烧烧室室v直列直列发动发动机机v火花塞火花塞v喷喷油器油器75精选pptIII.Exercises1-cylinderheadcover;2-cylinderhead;3-cylindergasket;4-cylinderblock;5-oilpan76精选pptvIthaslongsincebeenestablishedpracticetocombinethecylinderblockandcrankcaseintoasingleunit,thisgenerallybeingtermed“monobloc”construction.Thehistoricaloriginsofthisformofconstructiondatebacktotheearly1920s,whentherewasageneraltrend towardssimplification oftheenginestructure.III.Exercises77精选pptvUntilthenthecylinderblockandcrankcasewereproducedasseparateunits,incastironandaluminumalloy respectively,andthenbolted together.Inrelationtomodernenginedesign,themonoblocconstruction providesaverynecessaryrigid foundationfortheengineandreducesmanufacturingcosts.III.Exercises78精选pptvI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.v1Inordertomakethealuminumstrongerandlesslikelytowarp,certainmaterialsareaddedtothemetalorasteellinerplacedintheblock.v为为了使了使铝铝制缸体制缸体刚刚度更度更强强和尽可能的减少磨和尽可能的减少磨损损，可将一些，可将一些材料加入其中或者在缸体中安装缸套。材料加入其中或者在缸体中安装缸套。v2Thecylindergasketsfunctionistosealtheareabetweenthemandpreventleakageofgas,oilandwater.v气缸气缸垫垫的作用就是密封缸盖与缸体之的作用就是密封缸盖与缸体之间间的区域，避免漏气、的区域，避免漏气、漏油和漏水。漏油和漏水。III.Exercises79精选pptv3Thecylindersofmulti-cylinderautomotiveenginesarearrangedinoneofthreeways.v多缸多缸发动发动机的气缸排列方式是机的气缸排列方式是这这三种形式之一。三种形式之一。III.Exercises80精选pptvII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.v1气缸气缸垫垫安装安装时时，要注意它的方向性。，要注意它的方向性。vItshouldbepaidattentiontothedirectionwhenfixingthecylindergasket.v2铝铝制缸体制缸体为为了提高它的了提高它的刚刚度，常常要在气缸中安装缸度，常常要在气缸中安装缸套。套。vInordertomakethealuminumstronger,asteellineroftenplacedintheblock.v3直列式是直列式是发动发动机中最机中最简单简单的一种排列方式。的一种排列方式。vIn-lineengineisthesimplestarrangement.III.Exercises81精选pptSpecialized English for Automobile82Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-3Piston and Connecting Rod83ContentsI.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Exercises84精选pptvwhatdoesthepistonassemblyconsistof?vItmainlyconsistsofpiston,pistonrings,pistonpin,andconnectingrod.I.Pre-questions85精选pptpistonpistonringspistonpinconnectingrodI.Pre-questionspistonpistonringspistonpinconnectingrodFunction?86精选pptvFunction:vtransmittheforceofexpansiontocrankshaftthroughconnectingrodvWithstandinggaspressureI.Pre-questionscharacteristiclightrigidcylindricalshapedhollow87精选pptI.Pre-questionscylindricalshapedhollow88精选pptvWhatisthepistoncomposedof?vpistonhead,pistonlands,pistonskirtandpistonpinhole.I.Pre-questions89精选pptComponents piston toppiston headpiston skirtpistonpinholeI.Pre-questions90精选pptvWhatsthefunctionoftheconnectingrod?vtopassthereciprocatingpowerofthepistontothecrankshaft.I.Pre-questionsSmall endConnecting rod bushingConnecting rodBig endConnecting rod half shellsConnecting rod cap91精选pptvTowithstandtheheatofthecombustionchamber,thepistonmustbestrong.vWithstandvt.抵抵挡挡，经经受住受住vthecombustionchamber燃燃烧烧室室vv译译文：文：活塞必活塞必须须要要坚坚固才能承受燃固才能承受燃烧烧室的室的热热量。量。II.Text Explanation92精选pptvInsomeapplication,anarrowgrooveiscutintothepistonabovethetopringtoserveasa“heatdam”toreducetheamountofheatreachingthetopring.vgroovegrvn.凹槽凹槽vheatdam隔隔热热槽槽v译译文：文：在有些在有些结结构中，构中，为为了减少了减少传传到到顶顶部活塞部活塞环环的的热热量，在活塞量，在活塞环环的上部切割出一个很窄的的上部切割出一个很窄的环环槽，槽，叫做叫做“隔隔热热槽槽”。II.Text Explanation93精选pptvcutintov减少，侵犯减少，侵犯,打断打断vDontcutintothestory.v不要不要打断打断故事。故事。vTheknifeeasilycutintothecake.v刀一下子就刀一下子就切切进进了蛋糕。了蛋糕。vTheotherhousegotoldandshabby,andthatcutintothevalue.v周周围围的房子都破旧不堪的房子都破旧不堪,这这使得他房子的价使得他房子的价值值降低降低了。了。II.Text Explanation94精选pptvserveasvt.担任担任(充当充当,起起.的作用的作用)vThesephilosophicalviewsserveasaguideinlife.v这这些哲学些哲学观观点可以点可以作作为为处处世指南。世指南。vHewillserveasmayorv他将他将任任市市长长一一职职。v近近义词义词：actas.v区区别别：serve为为服服务务II.Text Explanation95精选pptvItmaybeflat,concave,andconvexoranyoneofagreatvarietyofshapestopromoteturbulenceorhelpcontrolcombustion.vconcave kn keivn.凹凹,凹面凹面vconvex kn veksvadj.表面弯曲如球的外表面弯曲如球的外侧侧,凸起的凸起的v译译文文：（活塞：（活塞顶顶部）形状可以是平部）形状可以是平顶顶、凹、凹顶顶、凸、凸顶顶或者其它各种形状，或者其它各种形状，这这些形状促些形状促进进紊流或有助紊流或有助于控制燃于控制燃烧烧。II.Text Explanation96精选pptvagreatvarietyofvadj.多种多种,各种各种,多种多多种多样样的的vWewillappealtoagreatvarietyofsourcesofinformation.v我我们们将求助于将求助于多种多种资资料来源。料来源。II.Text Explanation97精选pptClassification of piston topshapediagramflatconvexconcave98精选pptvToavoidmisplacingtherodcapsduringassembly,theconnectingrodsandtheirmatingcapsaremarkedononesidewithserialnumbers,startingwiththefirstrodfromtheradiator,toidentifytheirlocationintheengine.v译译文：文：为为了避免装配了避免装配错误错误，从散，从散热热器的一器的一侧为侧为开开始，在始，在连连杆以及与其相配的杆以及与其相配的连连杆盖的一杆盖的一侧标侧标注有注有序列数以区分它序列数以区分它们们在在发动发动机中的位置。机中的位置。II.Text Explanation99精选pptvavoidvt.避免避免(n./+v-ing)vTheyallavoidedmentioningthatname.他他们们都都避免避免提及那名字。提及那名字。Shebrakedsuddenlyandavoidedanaccident.她她紧紧急刹急刹车车,避免避免了一了一场车祸场车祸。vtheradiatorn.散散热热器器vmisplacemis pleisvt.放放错错地方地方II.Text Explanation100精选pptuTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.vpistonringvpistonpinvconnectingrodvexpansionforcevcylinderwallvinthebottomofthegroovesvpassthereciprocatingpowerofthepistonvconnectingrodsmallendvconnectingrodcapvconnectingrodbearinghalfshells III.Exercisesu活塞活塞环环u活塞活塞销销u连连杆杆u膨膨胀胀力力u汽缸壁汽缸壁u在槽的底部在槽的底部u传递传递活塞的往复活塞的往复动动力力u连连杆小杆小头头u连连杆盖杆盖u连连杆杆轴轴瓦瓦101精选pptcompression ringsoil ringspiston pinpistonconnecting rodconnecting rod boltcrank bearing half shellconnecting rod cap III.Exercises102精选pptvPistonringsareoftwobasictypes,thatis,compressionringsandoil-control rings.Theyperform importantfunctionsasfollows:theuppercompression ringsmustmaintainaneffectivesealagainstcombustiongasesleakingpastthepistonsintothecrankcase.Theloweroil-controlringsserve tocontrolandeffectivelydistributethelubricatingoilthrownontothecylinderwalls,consistentwithmaintaining goodlubricationandanacceptableoilconsumption .Theseringsalsoprovideameansbywhichsurplusheatistransmitted fromthepistontothecylinderwallandthentothecoolingjacket.III.Exercises103精选pptvI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.v1The
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