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植物生理学植物生理学Plant Physiology1.什么是植物生理学？什么是植物生理学？2.植物生理学主要学习什么内容？植物生理学主要学习什么内容？3.学植物生理学有什么用？学植物生理学有什么用？Food,move,cell wall etc.1 What is plant physiology?植物植物 生生 理理 学学 2 Main contents(What to learn/study?)plant(object)activities of life(what?)rule/mechanisms(how?why?)science/discipline/course研究植物生命活动规律的科学研究植物生命活动规律的科学Differences between animal and plant?Where is the food of plants from?你的成分？你的成分？Most plant cannot“eat”organic food,exceptcarnivore/insectivore(食虫植物)Nepenthes mirabilisExperimental/scientific investigation about where are nutrients of plants from?J.B.van Helmont(1577-1644,The Netherlands)：柳柳树枝条实验（树枝条实验（2.27 kg柳枝，柳枝，90 kg土壤，只浇水土壤，只浇水5年后，柳枝重年后，柳枝重74.4 kg，土壤只减少了土壤只减少了57 g）。result:?result:wrong！but first man！Chapter 1-植物的水分代谢植物的水分代谢Water metabolism of plants -植物为什么要长在土壤里？植物为什么要长在土壤里？有收无收在于水有收无收在于水!为什么为什么“有收无收在于水有收无收在于水”？（？（Importance）植物水分代谢的三个过程：植物水分代谢的三个过程：吸收水分吸收水分(Absorption)水分在植物体内运输水分在植物体内运输(Transportation)水分的排出水分的排出(Lose,Transpiration)怎样合理灌溉怎样合理灌溉(Irrigate)Most limiting for agricultural productivityChapter 2-植物的矿质营养植物的矿质营养Mineral nutrition of plants -植物为什么要长在土壤里？植物为什么要长在土壤里？收多收少在于肥收多收少在于肥!Essential minerals of plant 必需矿质营养及其功能必需矿质营养及其功能Absorption of minerals by plant cell细胞吸收矿质细胞吸收矿质Absorption of minerals by plant植株吸收矿质植株吸收矿质Mineral transportation in plant body矿质运输矿质运输Physiological basis of fertilizing合理施肥合理施肥Are water and minerals enough?Organic food？Chapter 3-光合作用光合作用 Photosynthesislight-太阳公公为什么能把树晒大呢？Inorganic food：CO2,H2OChloroplast and chloroplast pigments叶绿体及其色素叶绿体及其色素Mechanisms of photosynthesis光合作用机理光合作用机理Solar energyElectric energyElectric energyActive chemical energyActive chemical energyStable chemical energy糖糖(ATP/NADPH)Carbon assimilation同化同化Rice/noodle/meatphotosynthetic scissors magic GreenO2CO2K+Ca2+H2OCH2OChapter 4-植物体内有机物的运输植物体内有机物的运输 Transportation in the phloemPathways of translocation运输的途径运输的途径Materials translocated in the phloem运输的物质运输的物质Phloem loading韧皮部装载韧皮部装载The mechanism of translocation in the phloem韧皮部中运输的机理韧皮部中运输的机理Phloem unloading韧皮部卸载韧皮部卸载O2CO2K+Ca2+H2OCH2OO2CO2Chapter 5-植物的呼吸作用植物的呼吸作用 Plant respiration植物的物质生产和光能利用 植物体内物质和能量的转变 第一章 植物的水分代谢第二章 植物的矿质营养第三章 植物的光合作用第四章 植物体内有机物的运输第五章 植物的呼吸作用代谢生理(see?)(touch?)Metabolism(代谢代谢)of plantsWhat activities of plant life you can see and touch?Chapter 9-植物的营养生理植物的营养生理 Vegetative physiology of plantsSeed Germination种子萌发Cell Differentiation and Growth细胞分裂与伸长生长Growth of Vegetative Organs营养器官的生长Plant Movement植物的运动Tissue Culture组织培养Chapter 10-植物的生殖生理植物的生殖生理 Reproductive physiology of plantsJuvenility幼年期Vernalization春花作用Photoperiodism光周期现象Formation and physiology of flower organs花器官的形成Physiology of fertilization授粉生理Chapter 11-植物的成熟、衰老和脱落生理植物的成熟、衰老和脱落生理 Maturation,senescence and abacission of plantsDevelopment and maturation of seeds种子成熟Growth and maturation of fruits果实成熟Physiology of plant dormancy植物休眠Physiology of plant senescence植物衰老Physiology of plant abscission器官脱落Growth and development(发育发育)of plants are regulated by inside and environmental stimulationsChapter 6-植物细胞信号转导植物细胞信号转导 Signal transduction of plant cellSignals?什么信号Receptor?信号受体Signal transduction nets?信号转导网络Secondary messengers?胞内第二信使Chapter 7-植物生长物质植物生长物质Plant growth substancesAuxins生长素类Gibberellins赤霉素类Cytokinins细胞分裂素类Ethylene乙烯Other natural plant growth substances其它天然生长物质Substances inhibit plant growth抑制生长的物质Abscisic Acid(ABA)脱落酸Responses of plants to lightChapter 8-光形态建成光形态建成PhotomorphogenesisBlue-light response and cryptochrome蓝光和隐花色素Red,far-red light and phytochrome红光远红光和光敏素UV and receptor(s)紫外光及其受体第六章 植物体内的细胞信号转导第七章 植物生长物质第八章 光形态建成第九章 植物的生长生理第十章 植物的生殖生理第十一章 植物的成熟和衰老生理植物的生长和发育 发育生理(see?)(touch?)Growth and development of plantsAre plants always in the suitable conditions for their whole life？Natural environmental stresses(逆境)Hardiness,tolerance(抗性)Chapter 12-植物的逆境生理植物的逆境生理Stress physiology of plantsGeneral aspects of stress physiology抗性生理通论Resistance of plant to low temperatures低温逆境Resistance of plant to drought干旱第十二章 植物的抗性生理 环境污染对植物的危害 第13章(水分、矿质、光合)第45章(呼吸、运输)第611章(信号转导、激素、光、营养、生殖、成熟、衰老、脱落)第12章(抗性)代谢生理发育生理逆境生理PLANTPHYSIOLOGY逆境生理Stress physiology of plants研究植物生命活动规律的科学研究植物生命活动规律的科学3 Aims to study plant physiologyTo understand and change the natureMany Nobel prizes in Plant Physiology伍德沃德(美)1965：于1960年合成叶绿素Aims to study plant physiology To understand and change the nature Examples：控制花期(Photoperiodism)无土栽培(water and mineral)切花保鲜(Senescence,Ethylene)组织培养试管苗(Tissue culture)水仙矮壮(Plant growth substance)韭黄(Photomorphogenesis,Etiolation)ChrysanthemumPhotoperiodism(光周期现象)Mineral(矿质)nutrients and solution cultureEthylene(乙烯)/Senescence(衰老)CarnationTotipotency细胞全能性/Tissue culturePlant growth substancesChinese NarcissusPhotomorphogenesis(光形态建成)/Etiolation(黄化)LeekAims to study plant physiologyEarn moneyMany Nobel prizes in Plant PhysiologyTo understand and change the nature生根粉Aims to study plant physiologyEarn moneyMany Nobel prizes in Plant PhysiologyTo understand and change the natureBad applicationsYour aim?Aims to study plant physiologyEarn moneyMany Nobel prizes in Plant PhysiologyTo understand and change the natureBad applicationsPopulationFoodEnergyResourcesEnvironment世界面临的五大问题世界面临的五大问题 Textbooks Plant Physiology,Taiz L and Zeiger E,Sinauer Associates,Sunderland and Massachusetts.植物生理学,宋纯鹏、王学路等译,科学出版社,20092002,3rd edition2010,5th edition
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