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Obesity and Dietary TherapyObesity and Dietary TherapyAd Libitum Low-Fat Diets Decrease Daily Energy IntakeLee-Han,1988Boyd,1990Sheppard,1991Kasim,1993Pritchard,1996Siggaard,1996Simon,1997Weststate,1998Stefanick(M),1998Stefanick(F),1998Saris SCHO,2000Saris CCHO,2000Weighted sumWeighted sumAstrup et al.Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000;24:1545.Copyright 2002 McMillan Publishers Ltd.Reprinted with permission.Meta-analysis of 12 Intervention TrialsMeta-analysis of 12 Intervention TrialsChange in Energy Intake on Low-fat Diet(kJ/d)20000-2000-4000-6000Ad Libitum Low-Fat Diets DecreDecreasing Dietary Fat is Associated with a Decrease in Body WeightAnalysis of 37 Diet Intervention StudiesAnalysis of 37 Diet Intervention StudiesChange in Body Weight(kg)Change in Dietary Fat(%of Energy Intake)Yu-Poth et al.Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:632.American Society for Clinical Nutrition.Reproduced with permission.-30-25-20-15-10-50510r=0.46.Decreasing Dietary Fat is AssoRelationship Between Dietary Macronutrient Relationship Between Dietary Macronutrient Composition and Body WeightComposition and Body WeightTime(months)Body Weight(%change)Control:35%Fat45%CHOSaris WHM et al.,Int J Obes 24:1310,2000024625%Fat55%simple CHO28%Fat52%complex CHORelationship Between Dietary MFat Content of Selected FoodsGrams/unitAdapted from Alpers et al.Manual of Nutritional Therapeutics(4th ed);Lippincott:Philadelphia,2002.Whole milk(1 cup)Skim milk(1 cup)Butter(1 tbs)Margarine(1 tbs)American cheese(1 oz)Ice cream(1 cup)Boiled shrimp Fried shrimp Flatfish fillet Salmon filletChicken:White,no skin Dark,no skin Dark,friedGround beef Ground beef,leanSirloin steak Sirloin steak,trimmed Sponge cake(1 slice)Chocolate cake(1 slice)Baked potato(3 oz)French fries(3 oz)Potato chip(1 oz)Dairy productsDairy productsMeat productsMeat products(3 oz servings)(3 oz servings)Other productsOther productsFat Content of Selected FoodsGEnergy Density of Selected FoodsEnergy Density(kcal/g)LettuceVegetable soupSkim milkAppleBlack beansWhite fishYogurtVegetable lasagnaRoast chickenWhite breadPretzelsCheddar cheeseSalad dressingPotato chipsBaconButterReprinted from Klein S,et al.Gastroenterology.2002:123:882-932 with permission from Elsevier.Energy Density of Selected FooEffects of Fat and Water Content on Energy DensityEnergy Density(kcal/g)Fat Content(g/100 g)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Reprinted from Rolls and Bell.Med Clin North Am 2000;84:401 with permission from Elsevier.Energy Density(kcal/g)Water Content(g/100 g)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Corn oilButterBaconCheesePretzelsBreadAppleLettuceSteakMilk chocolateButterCorn oilBaconCheesePretzelsBreadAppleLettuceSteakMilk chocolater2=0.67r2=0.82Effects of Fat and Water ConteDiet Energy Density,Independent of Fat Content,Influences Energy IntakeEnergy Density(kcal/g)Weight of Food Consumed(g/d)Energy Content of Food Consumed(k/cal/d)Bell et al.Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:412.*P0.05 versus other 2 groups.Fat content held constant.1.021.171.341.021.171.34Energy Density(kcal/g)*Diet Energy Density,IndependeStubbs et al.Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord.1998;22:980-7.Copyright 1998 McMillan Publishers Ltd.Reprinted with permission.*P0.038,treatment effect.Diet Energy Density InfluencesShort-term Body WeightWeight Change(kg)Days1791314212111085643High Medium LowEnergy DensityStubbs et al.Int J Obes RelatEffect of Dietary Carbohydrate Manipulation with Fixed Low-Calorie DietWeight Loss(kg)Time(wk)036912Golay et al.Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996;20:1067.Copyright 1996 McMillan Publishers Ltd.Reprinted with permission.CHO=carbohydrate.25%CHO,1200 kcal/d diet45%CHO,1200 kcal/d dietEffect of Dietary CarbohydrateWeight Loss at 6-Months in RCTs of Low-fat vs Low-Carbohydrate DietsWeight Loss(kg)DifferenceStudynLow-fatLow-carb(kg)Samaha(2003)132-1.9-5.83.9Brehm(2003)42-3.9-8.54.6Foster(2003)63-5.3-9.64.3Yancy(2004)120-6.5-12.05.5Weight Loss at 6-Months in RCTEffect of an Ad Libitum High-Protein,Low-Fat*Diet on Body WeightSkov et al.Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999;23:528.*30%of total energy from fat.Body Weight(kg)Duration(wk)9590858075High-protein dietHigh-carbohydrate dietRegular diet0121624 2622220181481064Effect of an Ad Libitum High-PEffect of Sucrose-Sweetened Drinks on Total Energy IntakeEnergy Intake(kcal)Rolls et al.Physiol Behav 1990;48:19.*P0.01 vs other groups.16 oz Drinkw/Sucrose16 ozWaterNo Drink*Food DrinkEffect of Sucrose-Sweetened DrBlood Glucose Concentrations After Ingesting High and Low Glycemic Index FoodsAdapted from:Anderson et al.Modern Nutritionin Health and Disease;2001:1269.*containing 50 g glucoseBlood Glucose(mg/dL)Time(min)0306090120New potatoes*Kidney beans*Blood Glucose Concentrations AEffect of Portion Size on Energy Intake500Amount Consumed(g)Amount of Macaroni and Cheese Served(g)Rolls et al.Am J Clin Nutr.2000 Dec;76(6):1207-13.6257501000Effect of Portion Size on EnerProviding Prepackaged Meals Enhances Weight LossWeight Change(kg)Jeffery et al.J Consult Clin Psychol 1993;61:1038.Copyright 1993 by the American Psychological Association.Reprinted with permission.P=0.0001 treatment vs control.P=0.0002 behavior therapy+self-selected diet vs behavior therapy+food provision.Months061218MaintenanceWeeklyTreatmentControlBehavior Therapy+Self-selected DietBehavior Therapy+Food ProvisionProviding Prepackaged Meals EnVLCDs Do Not Produce Greater Long-term Weight Loss Than LCDsWadden et al.J Consult Clin Psychol 1994;62:165.Copyright 1994 by the American Psychological Association.Reprinted with permission.Weight Loss(kg)Time(wk)0265278Biweekly behavior therapyWeekly behavior therapyVery-low-calorie diet(420 kcal/d)Low-calorie diet(1200 kcal/d)VLCDs Do Not Produce Greater LEnergy Content of Alcoholic BeveragesAlcohol contains 7 kcal/gBeer12 oz160 caloriesWine5 oz100 caloriesMargarita 8 oz270 caloriesGin and Tonic 8 oz(contains1.7 oz gin)190 calories1 shot of liquor2 oz128 caloriesEnergy Content of Alcoholic BeRelationship Between Adiposity and Frequency of Eating in a RestaurantPercent Body FatMcCrory et al.Obes Res 1999;7:564.Log Restaurant Food Consumption per Month0.81.01.21.31.51.41.10.9Partial r=0.35;P=0.005Relationship Between AdiposityEffect of Meal Variety on Energy IntakeReprinted from Rolls et al.Appetite 1984;5:337.Copyright 1984 with permission from Elsevier.*P0.001 vs same food at each course.1Energy Intake(kJ)Meal Course234TotalSame food at each courseDifferent food at each course*Effect of Meal Variety on Ener 15%15%Saturated fattySaturated fattyacidsacidsPolyunsaturatedPolyunsaturatedfatty acidsfatty acidsMonounsaturatedMonounsaturatedfatty acidsfatty acids8%-10%8%-10%55%55%ProteinProtein15%15%Clinical Guidelines on the Identification,Evaluation,and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults The Evidence Report.Obes Res.1998;6(suppl 2).Fat30%Calories:500-1000 kcal/d reductionCholesterol:300 mg/dFiber:20-30 g/d35020001500Reprinted from Klein S,et al.Gastroenterology.2002:123:882-932 with permission from Elsevier.Suggested Energy Intake Based 演讲完毕，谢谢观看！Thank you for reading!In order to facilitate learning and use,the content of this document can be modified,adjusted and printed at will after downloading.Welcome to download!汇报人：XXX汇报日期：20XX年10月10日演讲完毕，谢谢观看！Thank you for readin