母猪场的配种妊娠舍设计-minimizerppt课件精美版

Typical Midwest Facility典型典型中西部母猪舍设施中西部母猪舍设施Entrance area:shoes off入口：脱鞋入口：脱鞋Shower in/shower out 洗澡进出洗澡进出Office area/lunch room/utility room办公室办公室/午餐室午餐室/水电房水电房Multiple Farrowing rooms:24 to 60 crate rooms多间产房多间产房:24-60产床产床/间间Breeding/gestation 1200 to 3000 crates buildings配种妊娠舍配种妊娠舍:1200-1300妊娠栏妊娠栏/栋栋Gilt development unit(GDU)on-site and off-site后备猪培育舍在场内后备猪培育舍在场内 或或 场外场外All rooms connected by hallways(once inside no outside exit allowed)所有房间均以通道相连所有房间均以通道相连(进入后进入后不能出去不能出去)Typical Midwest Facility典型中西部母1Facility Design 设施设计设施设计All facilities mechanically ventilated所有设施均机械通风Fans and inlets风扇与进风口Fans,inlets,tunneled ventilated with cool cells风扇、进风口、隧道式通风结合水帘Ventilation systems design for-26 C to 38 C工作温度设计为-26 C to 38 CBiosecurity measures strictly followed 严格遵守生物安全规定严格遵守生物安全规定Deep pit barns are typical 深池式是标准深池式是标准Facility Design 设施设计All facili2*Each nursery and finishing building may be on a separate site.每处保育育肥场都可能在不同地点 Site 1:Breeding/Gestation/Farrowing第1点:配种妊娠分娩Site 2:Nursery第2点:保育 Site 3:Finishing第3点:育肥3-site Production:Each Week with Separate Site三点生产：每周的猪都在不同场*Each nursery and finishing bFinishing 12 rooms of 500160 days at marketing12间500头育肥,160天出栏Example:To Produce 500 Pigs per Week 例：每周生产500头4 Farrowing Rooms 56 crates each四间产房:每间56床7 Nurseries of 500 7 weeks七间500头保育舍Each Week one nursery of 500 pigs is moved to one finisher of 500 pigs 每周转出一间500保育至育肥Each Week one farrowing room of 56 crates is weaned to fill a nursery 每周断奶56套产床Breeding/Gestation 1255 breeding females+gilt pool配种妊娠：1255头繁殖母猪+后备群4Finishing 12 rooms of 500ExaPigs/wkPigs/wk头/周周Breeding Breeding FemalesFemales1 1繁殖母猪繁殖母猪Farrowing Farrowing CratesCrates产床床Nursery Nursery RoomsRooms保育舍保育舍Finishing Finishing RoomsRooms2 2育肥舍育肥舍Pigs/yearPigs/year头/年年25062811271212,000500125522471224,0001000251144871248,0002000508899671296,00051 Breeding Females does not include gilt pool 繁殖母猪不含后备2 If wean/finish used,total rooms=18如果用保育育肥一体舍，总舍数为18Assumptions:假定Average weaning age=26 days 平均断奶日龄=26天7 weeks in nursery保育7周160 days to market160日龄上市9.5 pigs weaned/liter9.5头断奶/窝4 days breeding/group 4天配种/批5 days to 1st service至第一次发情5天5%post-weaning mortality 断奶后死亡率5%Pigs/wkBreeding Females1FarrowSow Farm Example Layout 母猪场样例612345678Farm Office&Shower-in Facility办公室及洗办公室及洗澡设施澡设施Example to produce 1000 pigs/week 每周产1000头 2168 sow crates+active gilt pool 母猪栏2168头+可用后备群 448 farrowing crates448产床Sow Farm Example Layout 母猪场样例6GDU后备猪培育舍Breeding/Gestation配种妊娠舍Farrowing分娩舍Loadout 出猪口Perimeter Fence围栏GDUBreeding/FarrowingLoadout 出7Water System 饮水448 farrowing crates448产床办公室/午餐室/水电房2 Variable-Speed Fans&2 Single-Speed Fans 两台变速风机 加 两台单速风机Counter-weighted Bi-flo Inlet反重力式双向风口Reduce cold-air drop 减少“冷气团”Monitor and control air temperature well 测温及控制好Dr Rick Stowell,Extension Ag Engineer,University of NebraskaGroup Management 大群管理South Dakota State University2 Variable-Speed Fans&2 Single-Speed Fans 两台变速风机 加 两台单速风机Cool cell on one end and sides一端侧为水帘Existing fans not providing enough airflow52 meters/second(m/s)期望风速:1.Assumptions:假定Thermal Neutral Zone,Upper&Lower Critical Temperatures温度适中区、高临界温度、低临界温度Differential 4Nursery RoomsPlace for even air distributionExample Sow Farm例：每周生产例：每周生产1000头头(producing 1000 pigs/week)(producing 1000 pigs/week)2511 sows+50 active gilts 2511头母猪头母猪+50 可用后备可用后备Farrowing 8 rooms of 56 crate or 17 rooms with 28 crates 产房：8间56产床，或17间28产床Gestation/Breeding 2165 crates配种妊娠-2165限位栏Gilt Developer 后备猪培育设施后备猪培育设施8Water System 饮水Example Sow Far9Breeding Production Phase 配种段配种段Types of mating systems配种方式配种方式Hand mating 手助Pen mating大栏Artificial insemination 人工授精Facilities 设施设施Environmentally controlled-individual crates环境控制-个体定位Environmentally controlled pens环境控制-大栏Open lots in groups 按批开放位Deep bedded structures-group housing厚垫料-大群9Breeding Production Phase 配种Fully-Crated,Partially Slatted Gestation Facility全限位、部分漏缝地板全限位、部分漏缝地板 妊娠舍妊娠舍18.3 m44.5 m210 Crates in shown areaConcrete Slatted Floor over a manure guttter 粪沟上漏缝粪沟上漏缝地板地板10Fully-Crated,Partially SlatteEvaporative Pad Cooler Issues水帘降温器的问题As Always,Inlets Are KeyTrough or Nipples?槽?饮水器?Summary 结语Pen With Iso-wean Pigs栏内同期断奶仔猪Weighted or Velocity Inlets 重力控制进风口Cool cell on one end and sides一端侧为水帘aerotech-inc.2)Producing desired air exchange(m3/sec/hd)Full mechanical 全机械通风Supplemental Cooling额外制冷Exhaust Fans全限位、部分漏缝地板 妊娠舍4 cm drain pipe03 m/s is the maximum allowable velocity through a 15.Mild Weather rate=85 m3/hr sowImpacted areaSprinklers喷淋器Heat Stress and the Breeding Herd热应激和繁殖猪群Port of entry for fresh air 新风进气口Weight体重Optimum最佳 Range范围 Litter-newborn新生窝仔35 C32-38 CVentilation Strategies通风系统类型Typical Gestation Barn Sizes 典型的妊娠舍典型的妊娠舍1200 head facility 1200头舍头舍6-row barn 6列式18.3 x 127 米meters longCool cell on one end and sides and fans on the other end一端侧为水帘，另一端风机8-row barn 8列式24.4 x 95 米meters longCool cell on one end and sides一端侧为水帘 2400 head facility2400头舍头舍24.4 x 190 米meters longCool cells on both ends and fans in the middle 水帘在两端，风机在中间Evaporative Pad Cooler Issues11Crated Systems 限位栏限位栏Crate Size 限位栏尺寸限位栏尺寸Sows成母猪 0.61 m by 2.15 mGilts青年母 0.59 m by 2.15 mWater System 饮水饮水Trough or Nipples?槽?饮水器?Alleys 过道过道0.61 m to 0.9 at rear of sow 母猪后0.9 to 1.22 m in front of sow 母猪前12Crated Systems 限位栏Crate Size 限母猪场的配种妊娠舍设计-minimizerppt课件精美版13Typical Gestation Stalls 典型限位栏典型限位栏0.61 meters(m)width x 2.13 m in lengthLarger stalls are making their way onto the market 大栏正进入大栏正进入市场市场Approx.42 days in stalls 42天在限位栏里天在限位栏里Typical Gestation Stalls 典型限位栏14Watering 饮水饮水15Recessed 下沉式Surface Mounted 地表式Nipples 饮水器Watering 饮水15Recessed 下沉式SurfaSlat Construction 地板制造地板制造10.2 to 12.7 厘米宽厘米宽centimeters(cm)in width2.54 cm to 3.17 cm.slot opening 缝隙缝隙Pencil rounded edges 圆角圆角Compressive strength316 kg-force/cm2耐压强度耐压强度316 kg力力/cm2Slat Construction 地板制造10.2 to16母猪场的配种妊娠舍设计-minimizerppt课件精美版17Pen Gestation大栏大栏10 to 12 sows per pen or greater than 100 每栏每栏10-12头或超过头或超过100头头1.86 to 2.06平米平米/头头 square meters/sowPen Gestation大栏10 to 12 sows p18Options Feeding 给料方式给料方式6/9/04-J.HarmonFeed DropsFeed Drops(floor)Trickle FeedingOptions Feeding 给料方式6/9/04-19Group Management 大群管理大群管理Static Groups静态群静态群10 sows per pen10头/栏Up to 35 to 40 sows至35-40头Dynamic Groups 动态群动态群80 to 200 sows80-200头Mixing each week 每周混群Different production phases不同生产期Tendency of smaller litters产自数减少的倾向6/9/04-J.HarmonGroup Management 大群管理Static Gr20Group Management 大群管理大群管理Static Groups are rarely possible 静态静态群很难实现群很难实现Considerations 考虑因素考虑因素House bred gilts separate,mix after farrowing 单独放置已配后备，分娩后混合Add at least 10 percent 最少增加10%Presence of a mature boar limits fighting放入一头成年公猪可防止打斗6/9/04-J.HarmonGroup Management 大群管理Static Gr21Types of mating systems配种方式Powered Inlets 动力控制进风口Weighted or Velocity Inlets 重力控制进风口Different production phases不同生产期1200头母猪=40,800 m3/hrTunnel-Ventilated Gestation Barn w/Evaporative Cooling Pads带水帘的隧道式通风妊娠舍Trough or Nipples?槽?饮水器?Thank you for your time!感谢您花时间来听讲！Sizing Tunnel Ventilation:Grow-Finish 隧道式通风的计算：生长育肥舍Office area/lunch room/utility room61 meters(m)width x 2.All facilities mechanically ventilatedExisting fans not providing enough airflowA 5040 m3/Hour ActuatedCeiling Inlet 5040m3/小时 可控天花板进风口1200 head facility 1200头舍4 m wide barn with 1200 head5 pigs weaned/liter9.68 m3/hourEnvironmentally controlled pensCurtain(bottom up)is the average humidity in the afternoonNanning and all南宁等等Large Pens Gestating Sows 妊娠母猪大栏妊娠母猪大栏Types of mating systems配种方式Lar22Electronic Sow Feeders电子饲喂电子饲喂Electronic Sow Feeders电子饲喂23Breeding Stalls 配种栏配种栏Breeding Stalls 配种栏24母猪场的配种妊娠舍设计-minimizerppt课件精美版25母猪场的配种妊娠舍设计-minimizerppt课件精美版26Research Says(Univ.of Minnesota)明尼苏达大学的研究表明明尼苏达大学的研究表明800 sow unit 800头母猪群头母猪群Individual gestation sow stalls(0.61 m x 2.13 m)母猪个体限位栏母猪个体限位栏 Large 50-60 sow group pens(6.7 m x 12.8 m)with electronic feeding stations50-60头电子饲喂大栏头电子饲喂大栏(6.7 m x 12.8 m)All sows maintained on fully slatted floors都是全漏缝地板都是全漏缝地板 Research Says(Univ.of Minnes27Results of Study 结果结果Frequency of injuries,stress hormone levels and the level of aggression is higher in ESF group housed sows compared to stall housed sows电子饲喂母猪受伤频率、应激激素水平、攻击性高于限位栏电子饲喂母猪受伤频率、应激激素水平、攻击性高于限位栏母猪母猪Most of the aggression in the ESF system was related to the mixing of sows and feeder entry电子饲喂母猪受的攻击性与混群、入料位有关电子饲喂母猪受的攻击性与混群、入料位有关Bite injuries to the vulva and legs and more substantial injuries to the legs and feet for sows housed in groups compared to stall housed sows.电子饲喂母猪外阴咬伤、肢体伤均较多电子饲喂母猪外阴咬伤、肢体伤均较多Results of Study 结果Frequency o28Environmental Factors and Ventilation Options环境因素与通风选择环境因素与通风选择Environmental Factors and Vent29 WeightWeight体重体重OptimumOptimum最佳最佳 RangeRange范围范围Litter-newbornLitter-newborn新生窝仔新生窝仔35 C35 C32-38 C32-38 CLitter-3 weeks3Litter-3 weeks3周龄窝周龄窝 28 C28 C24-30 C24-30 C 5-14 kg 5-14 kg 28 C 28 C24-30 C24-30 C 14-23 kg 14-23 kg 24 C 24 C21-27 C21-27 C 23-34 kg 23-34 kg 18 C 18 C16-21 C16-21 C 34-82 kg 34-82 kg 16 C 16 C13-21 C13-21 C 82 kg Adult 82 kg Adult成年成年 16 C16 C10-21 C10-21 CTarget Temperature Ranges for Growing and Adult Pigs生长猪-成年猪的目标温度范围 Weight体重Optimum最佳 Range30Heat Stress and the Breeding Herd热应激和繁殖猪群热应激和繁殖猪群Levis,19806月月7月月8月月9月月10月月11月月12月月1月月2月月热应激 公猪繁殖力下降 窝仔因公猪繁殖力下降而受害窝仔因母猪热应激而受害Heat Stress and the Breeding H31China Temperature Ranges中国的气温中国的气温City城市城市January 1月月July 7月月Nanning南宁9.8 to 16 oC25 to 32 oC with 70%R.H.Xian 西安-4.4 to 4.4 oC21 to 32 oC with 58%R.H.Beijing 北京-8.0 to 1.0 oC22 to 30 oC with 70%R.H.Shenyang 沈阳-13 to-4 oC 19 to 28 oC with 70%R.H.Note:Temperatures are average ranges for the month and Relative Humidity(R.H.)is the average humidity in the afternoon 温度是月度平均，相对湿度是下午平均China Temperature Ranges中国的气温32Basic Ventilation Rates 基本通风率基本通风率Cold weather Minimum Xian,Beijing,Shenyang寒冷气候最低通风量：西安、北京、沈阳Mild weather温和气候温和气候Nanning and all南宁等等Hot weather炎热气候炎热气候All areas 所有Basic Ventilation Rates 基本通风率33Small(136 kg)小Group Management 大群管理A mechanical scraper removes manure 机械刮粪Breeding Stalls 配种栏Fans Used for Distributing Air 导流风扇2 meters long四孔1.Example:To Produce 500 Pigs per Week 例：每周生产500头run-by on curtain high static pressure(2 meters/second(m/s)air velocity through the pad1200 females x 0.12 cubic meters/sec.=144 m3/sec.Or 518,400 m3/hour for 1200 females 1200头母猪风量头母猪风量Total pad area=144 m3/sec./2.03 m/s=71.0 m2 水帘面积水帘面积Total pad length=71.0 m2/1.82 m pad height=39.0 meters水帘长度水帘长度Note:2.03 m/s is the maximum allowable velocity through a 15.2 cm thick pad 15.2cm厚的水帘最大风速不应超过厚的水帘最大风速不应超过2.03m/sEx.For a 24.4 m wide barn with 1200 head capacity place a 1.8 m x 23 m cool cell on end-wall and a 1.8 m x 8m cool cell along each side wall 24.4m宽的宽的1200母猪舍一端母猪舍一端1.8 m x 23 m、侧墙各有侧墙各有1.8 m x 8m水帘水帘Design of Evaporative Coolers58End Wall Cool Cells 端墙水帘端墙水帘End Wall Cool Cells 端墙水帘59Evaporative Pad Cooler Issues水帘降温器的问题水帘降温器的问题Uneven Wetting 湿润不匀湿润不匀Water Quality 水质问题水质问题Algae growth use dilution of copper sulfate藻类生长-用硫酸铜稀释液Mineral deposits 矿物积聚Routinely drain 10-15%定期空净Alternative muratic acid or vinegar in water其他-酸化剂Covers 盖子盖子Static pressure control point 控制静压点Winter冬天http:/www.aerotech- Pad Cooler Issues60Evaporative Cooling Pads水帘降温器水帘降温器(KoolCell Pads)(KoolCell Pads)Incoming air drawn through wet pads 空气吸入湿帘Air evaporates water from pads 上面的水分蒸发Temp reduced降温Moisture increased 适度增加Temperature decrease until RH nears 85%.湿度85%以下降温When incoming air humid(RH 70%),air temp decrease only 2.6 to 5.3 C 进入的空气湿度(RH 70%)时，降温 2.6 to 5.3 CWhen incoming air relatively dry(55%RH),air temp reduction may be 8 C or more.进入的空气湿度(55%RH),时，降温 8CEvaporative Cooling Pads水帘降温器61So far so good for boar studs8 meters above the dunging areaActuated Bi-flo Inlet 动力式双向风口Deep bedded structures-group housing316 kg-force/cm2Ventilation Strategies通风系统类型Existing fans not providing enough airflowManure is stored beneath the building 粪尿储于舍内地下Must be effective opening 必须是有效开口Uneven Wetting 湿润不匀提高相对湿度而减弱蒸发作用通常600-1200头Total for 1200 head building=74 m2For a 24.Full natural 全自然通风Why do I need good air distribution?我们为什么需要空气分布良好Considers conditions in different locations要考虑不同地点的条件生成期望的换气率(m3/秒/头)Environmental Factors and Ventilation Options环境因素与通风选择1200头母猪=40,800 m3/hrHeaters 取暖器Gilt Developer 后备猪培育设施Impact of Relative Humidity onEffectiveness of Evaporative Cooling相对湿度对水帘降温效果的影响相对湿度对水帘降温效果的影响33.3 C22.8 C26.1 C29.4 C外部气温外部相对湿度So far so good for boar studsI62When to turn on pad pumps?何时开启水帘的水泵？何时开启水帘的水泵？Full tunnel ventilation first先开启隧道式通风先开启隧道式通风Minimum outside temperature your system specifies?最低外部温度最低外部温度-你的参数？你的参数？When to turn on pad pumps?何时开63B&G Ventilation Specification配种妊娠舍通风参数配种妊娠舍通风参数Minimum rate=34 m3/hr sow最低通风量最低通风量=34 m3/hr 母猪母猪Total for 1200 head building=40,800 m3/hr 1200头母猪=40,800 m3/hr Mild Weather rate=85 m3/hr sow温和气候通风量温和气候通风量=85 m3/hr 母猪母猪Total for 1200 head building=102,000 m3/hr1200头母猪=102,000 m3/hrSummer rate=425 m3/hr sow(w/evap cooling)夏季通风量夏季通风量=425 m3/hr-母猪母猪Total 1200 head building=510,000 m3/hr1200头母猪=510,000 m3/hrEvaporative pads水帘水帘Provide 1 m2 per 6900 m3/hr 每6900 m3/hr用1米Total for 1200 head building=74 m21200头母猪用74米64B&G Ventilation SpecificationSummary 结语结语Evaporating water from skin surface is most effective cooling system for swine水从皮肤表明蒸发，有最好的降温效果水从皮肤表明蒸发，有最好的降温效果Water needs to be properly placed and at the correct flow rate水需要有适宜的使用地点，水流率要正确水需要有适宜的使用地点，水流率要正确Increased air speed&lower humidity greatly increase evaporative heat loss增加风速并降低湿度，可大大加强蒸发降温增加风速并降低湿度，可大大加强蒸发降温Sprinklers for G-F pigs&drippers for sows对生长肥育猪进行喷淋，对母猪进行滴水对生长肥育猪进行喷淋，对母猪进行滴水Summary 结语Evaporating water f65Objectives of Filtration projects空气过滤的目的空气过滤的目的Filter all incoming air through the air inlets and cool cells,if applicable.所有通过进风口、水帘进舍的空气都进行过滤所有通过进风口、水帘进舍的空气都进行过滤Provide approximately 0.12 cubic meters per second(m3/sec.)or 250 cubic feet per minute(cfm)of airflow per boar or sow during hot weather conditions炎热气候每头公猪或母猪提供炎热气候每头公猪或母猪提供 250立方英尺立方英尺/分钟的气流分钟的气流Maintain boar,sow and worker comfort and productivity保持公母猪及员工的舒适保持公母猪及员工的舒适Seal all unplanned openings所有无用缝隙都封上所有无用缝隙都封上Objectives of Filtration proje66Problems to overcome included:需要克服的问题需要克服的问题The high static pressures created by the filters on fan performance(50 Pascals)空气过滤器静压空气过滤器静压(50帕帕)造成的风扇效率降低造成的风扇效率降低Existing fans not providing enough airflowwith the higher static pressures静压高，现有的风扇不能提供足够的气流静压高，现有的风扇不能提供足够的气流Filtration box construction and installation空气过滤器的安装与建造空气过滤器的安装与建造Hot weather cooling夏季降温问题夏季降温问题Problems to overcome included:67Evaluating a Facility for Filtration 改成空气过滤是对猪舍的评估改成空气过滤是对猪舍的评估Does the present ventilation system meet industry standards?目前是否满足了行业通风要求？目前是否满足了行业通风要求？What types,sizes,and quality of filters are needed?过滤器的种类、尺寸、质量？过滤器的种类、尺寸、质量？What will happen to overall ventilation system performance when filters are put in place?安装过滤器之后通风系统怎样？安装过滤器之后通风系统怎样？How much will it cost to install a complete filtration system?全过滤系统多少成本？全过滤系统多少成本？What is the longevity of the filters under these conditions?这种条件下过滤器的寿命？这种条件下过滤器的寿命？Evaluating a Facility for Filt68Design Considerations 设计需要考虑的因素设计需要考虑的因素What types of ventilation system facilitates filtration哪种通风系统更有利于过滤？哪种通风系统更有利于过滤？Static pressure effects on the ventilation system静压对通风的影响？静压对通风的影响？MERV-16 filters vs.MERV-14 filters(MERV:minimum efficiency reporting value)哪种过滤器？哪种过滤器？MERV-16还是还是MERV-14？Antimicrobial filtration 抗菌过滤器抗菌过滤器Design Considerations 设计需要考虑的69Typical Filter Set-up 过滤器的典型装置过滤器的典型装置Typical Filter Set-up 过滤器的典型装70母猪场的配种妊娠舍设计-minimizerppt课件精美版71Weight体重Optimum最佳 Range范围 Litter-newborn新生窝仔35 C32-38 CVentilating Grow/Finish Units生长育肥舍的通风Target Temperature Ranges for Growing and Adult Pigs生长猪-成年猪的目标温度范围Nursery Rooms057m3/sec/hd=57 m3/sec 1.Full tunnel ventilation firstin stalls 42天在限位栏里Individual gestation sow stalls(0.Fans and inlets风扇与进风口Wean-to-Finish Facility Design保育育肥一体舍设计2 Variable-Speed Fans&2 Single-Speed Fans 两台变速风机 加 两台单速风机448 farrowing crates448产床21 to 32 oC with 58%R.82 m pad height=39.Usually talk about airflow patterns我们通常讨论的是“气流模式”Drip Cooling for Sows母猪的滴水降温South Dakota State UniversityPoor air distribution:some fans can always be on,but they must be re-oriented(along ceiling)for colder weather.Filtration box construction and installationSouth Dakota State UniversityStage m3/hrCritical periods关键时期 A 5040 m3/hour ceiling inlet will require a 1.1 m.wide by 2.2 m.filter box每小时每小时每小时每小时 5040 m5040 m3 3 的进风口要安装的进风口要安装的进风口要安装的进风口要安装1.1m X 2.2m 1.1m X 2.2m 过滤器箱过滤器箱过滤器箱过滤器箱Weight体重Optimum最佳 Range范围72母猪场的配种妊娠舍设计-minimizerppt课件精美版73Filter Longevity过滤器寿命过滤器寿命Pre-filter:Approximately 6 months前过滤器前过滤器:约约6个月个月MERV-16:Boar Studs MERV-16:公猪站用公猪站用 MERV-14 or L6 for Sow unitsMERV-14或或L9：母猪用：母猪用Filter Longevity过滤器寿命Pre744 Min3 MinCurtain(bottom up)Three rows 24”x24”Filter DOP 95 MERV 16Existing Evap CoolerExisting InletsAir Filtration SystemsAdd Push Fans?at 0.50 inchesOr High Pressure Exhaust Fans?Or have enough filter area for conventional Exhaust Fans at 0.20 inches of pressure?4 Min3 MinCurtain(bottom up751.8 meter high cool cell1.8 meter high cool cell76母猪场的配种妊娠舍设计-minimizerppt课件精美版77Conclusions 结论结论It is feasible from a ventilation standpoint to install a filtration system从通风的角度考虑，可以使用过滤器从通风的角度考虑，可以使用过滤器Cost of filtration is influencing decision makers过滤的成本影响决策过滤的成本影响决策So far so good for boar studs 公猪站目前不错公猪站目前不错Conclusions 结论It is feasible f78Summary 小结小结Apply good design practices使用良好设计规范使用良好设计规范Understand the effects of static pressure on the ventilation system了解静压对通风的影响了解静压对通风的影响Use high quality filters that have been tested against the PRRS virus使用经过检测的过滤器使用经过检测的过滤器Work in progress不断改进不断改进New facility being built with MERV-14 filters 新猪舍用新猪舍用MERV-14Summary 小结Apply good design pr79Manure Handling 粪尿处置粪尿处置Deep pit 深池式深池式Manure is stored beneath the building 粪尿储于舍内地下Scraper 刮粪式刮粪式A mechanical scraper removes manure 机械刮粪Pull Plug 拔塞式拔塞式Manure is stored in shallow gutters(0.6 to 0.9m)and plug is pulled to release manure to outside storages 粪尿储藏在(0.6 to 0.9m)浅沟内，拔塞释放之涉外储藏Flush冲水式冲水式High volumes of liquid rinses manure from beneath the slat漏缝板下用大量水冲洗80Manure Handling 粪尿处置Deep pit 深Under-floor Concrete Pit with Total Slats 全漏缝地板混凝土粪池全漏缝地板混凝土粪池Typically 2.5 to 3.0 meters deep with reinforced 20 cm thick walls通常通常2.5-3米深，米深，20cm厚强化边墙厚强化边墙Under-floor Concrete Pit with 81Shallow Gutter Manure Storage浅储粪槽浅储粪槽18 meters(两端出口两端出口)(一端出口一端出口)Shallow gutters are typically 0.61 to 0.9 m deep 25.4 cm drain pipeShallow Gutter Manure Storage82Entrance to Sow Units:Shoes Off母猪场进口：脱鞋母猪场进口：脱鞋Entrance to Sow Units:Shoes O83Crated Systems 限位栏Producing desired airspeed(meters/sec.316 kg-force/cm25 pigs weaned/liter9.Drip Cooling for Sows母猪的滴水降温Control fan speed 速度控制进入的空气湿度(55%RH),时，降温 8COptions Feeding 给料方式29 0C猪的体重一达到20千克，就会在温度21以上时感到热应激，气温高于29就会发生损失sidewall openings for natural ventilation.Space to utilize throwLitter-3 weeks3周龄窝 28 C24-30 CDr Rick Stowell,Extension Ag Engineer,University of NebraskaExhaust FansSingle Wide 单体风向对边墙帘子猪舍中气流的影响Humidity?湿度？Impact of Relative Humidity onEffectiveness of Evaporative Cooling相对湿度对水帘降温效果的影响办公室/午餐室/水电房Natural Ventilation with Chimneys用通风筒排气的自然通风Fan Capacity风扇能力=x-section area截面积 x airspeed风速Maintain boar,sow and worker comfort and productivityShower In-Shower Out:No Outside Apparal Allow in the Facility洗澡进出：外面的衣服不准带入洗澡进出：外面的衣服不准带入Crated Systems 限位栏Shower In-S84Lunch and meeting Room午餐室及会议室午餐室及会议室 Lunch and meeting Room午餐室及会议室85Washers and Dryers for work Clothes工作服的洗衣、干衣机工作服的洗衣、干衣机Washers and Dryers for work Cl865000头母猪配种妊娠分娩母猪配种妊娠分娩场5000头母猪配种妊娠分娩场87Production Phases&Scheduling生产阶段与安排生产阶段与安排uProduction scheduling is important for 生产安排生产安排很重要很重要nExisting operations 现有猪场lDetermine expected production from facilities under different constraints 确定不同情况下设施的产出Weaning age断奶日龄Number of farrowing crates产床数Finishing space育肥面积Etc.nPlanning on new facilities 新场规划lTarget number of pigs produced per time period(week,month,etc.)单位时间的产猪数lChange 更改Production Phases&SchedulingAll In/All Out(AIAO)全进全出全进全出uGroups of pigs are assembled as they leave the nursery 出保育舍时混群出保育舍时混群uNo pigs are added to the group 不再增加猪不再增加猪uFacilities designed based on room size 基于房基于房间大小设计间大小设计uRooms are cleaned and sanitized before the next group is plac