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Words and Expressions 必修四必修四 Unit 1Words and Expressions 必修四 U1.achievement/n./成就，功绩成就，功绩 a sense of achievement 成就感成就感 u.achieve v.实现-achievement n.成就成就 realise/achieve ones dream excite v.使使兴奋-excitement n.兴奋 govern v.管理管理-government n.政府政府 argue v.争吵争吵-argument n.争吵，争争吵，争论 treat v.对待待-treatment n.对待待1.achievement/n./成就，功绩 a sen2.campaign/n./运动；战役运动；战役;/v./作作战战 a campaign for 为了了的运的运动 a campaign against 反反对的运的运动eg.They started a campaign for equal rights.他他们发起了一起了一项争取平等争取平等权利的运利的运动。(2)vi.参加运参加运动；作；作战；campaign for 参加争取参加争取的运的运动 campaign against 参加反参加反对的运的运动 2.campaign/n./运动；战役;/v./作3.condition/n.C/条件条件;/n.U/状况，状态；状况，状态；身体健康是身体健康是获得成功的条件之一。得成功的条件之一。Heath is one of the most important conditions of achieving success.be in good/poor/excellent condition 处于好的处于好的/差的差的/极棒的状态中极棒的状态中 She is often in top condition.Im really out of condition.3.condition/n.C/条件;4.behave/v./举动；（举止或行为）表现举动；（举止或行为）表现eg.Im sorry about last night-I behaved like a child.对不起，昨天晚上我表不起，昨天晚上我表现得太幼稚了。得太幼稚了。eg.Behave yourself,young man.年年轻人，人，规矩些！矩些！(1)behave oneself 守守规矩，表矩，表现得体；得体；(2)well-behaved /adj./表表现好的好的 badly-behaved /adj./表表现差的差的4.behave/v./举3.behave/v./举动；（举止或行为）表现举动；（举止或行为）表现u behaviour /n./举止；行为；习性；举止；行为；习性；eg.The boy was well-behaved at the banquet and everyone praised his proper behaviour.这个男孩在宴会上个男孩在宴会上表表现很好很好，因此每个人都，因此每个人都表表扬他恰当的他恰当的举止止.behave oneself 守守规矩矩behave well/badly(towards sb.)(对某人某人)态度度/举止好止好/恶劣劣be on ones best behavior 举止止规矩矩3.behave/v./举动；（举止或行为）表现u beha4.devote/vt./把把.奉献，把奉献，把专用于专用于 1)devote oneself/sth.to(doing)sth.献身于献身于；致力于；致力于He devotes himself to finishing the task.She devotes all her time to her family.2)devoted(adj.)深深爱的，全心全意的，忠的，全心全意的，忠实的的a devoted friend She is devoted to her family.她深她深爱她的家庭。她的家庭。4.devote/vt./把.奉献，把专用于 1)de5.whorthwile/adj./值得的，值得做的值得的，值得做的l辨析 worthwhile/worth/worthy worthwhile（可作定语和表语）（可作定语和表语）a worthwhile experiment The experiment is worthwhile.It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.It is worthwhile to do the job.doing the job.5.whorthwile/adj./worthwhile/adj./值得的，值得做的值得的，值得做的*worth-be worth(doing)sth.The book is _.well worth reading=It is worthwhile to read the book.be worthy of being done.=be worthy to be done.The job is worthy of being done.to be done.worthwhile/adj./值得的，值得做的*wor6.observe/vt./观察，观测，遵守观察，观测，遵守(1)观察；观察；observe sb.do sth.观察某人做某事（全过程）观察某人做某事（全过程）observe sb.doing sth.观察某人观察某人正在做正在做某事某事(2)遵守；遵守；observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则(3)庆祝庆祝;observe the Spring Festival/Christmas拓展：observation n.观察，观测；观察，观测；6.observe/vt./观察，观测，遵守(1)观察；observe an anniversary 庆祝周年祝周年纪念念observer/n./观察者察者;观测者者;遵守者遵守者 observation/n./观测，监测，观察，察，观察力察力 under observation 在在观察中察中;在在监视中中 Though having lived abroad for years,many Chinesestill _the traditional customs.A.perform B.possess C.observe D.support 解析解析:observe在此句中意为在此句中意为“遵守遵守,奉行奉行(法律、协议法律、协议或习俗等或习俗等)”。句意为：尽管在国外居住了这么多年，。句意为：尽管在国外居住了这么多年，许多中国人仍然遵循着传统的风俗习惯。许多中国人仍然遵循着传统的风俗习惯。Cobserve an anniversary 庆祝周年纪念C7.respect/v./尊重，敬意尊重，敬意respect sb.for sth.因某事而尊敬某人因某事而尊敬某人eg.我深深地敬佩他的勇气。我深深地敬佩他的勇气。I deeply respect him for his courage.=I deeply respect his courage./n./show/have respect for sb.尊敬某人尊敬某人eg.人们向这位残疾女孩表示敬意。人们向这位残疾女孩表示敬意。The people show/have respect for the disabled girl.out of respect 出于尊重出于尊重 out of curiosity/kindness/pity/interest/fearrespectful /adj./恭敬的，表示敬意的；恭敬的，表示敬意的；7.respect/v./尊重，敬意respect sbrespect/n./方面方面with respect to 关于，就关于，就来来说in some respects 在某些方面在某些方面in every respect/in all respects 在各方面在各方面out of respect for sb.出于出于对某人的尊敬某人的尊敬without respect to不考不考虑；不管；不管 respect/n./方面with respect to 8.argue/v./讨论，辩论，争论讨论，辩论，争论argue with sb.about/over sth.和某人争吵某事和某人争吵某事We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.argue for 为为而辩论而辩论argue against 为反对为反对而辩论而辩论The workers argued for the right for the strike.Some people argue against the free trade.argue that-clause 主主张8.argue/v./讨论，辩论，争论argue wit辨析辨析argue/quarrel/discussargue常用作不及物常用作不及物动词，后面常接介，后面常接介词后才能后才能加加宾语。意。意为“辩论，争，争论”,有企有企图说服服对方方的含的含义。They argued about the case for hours.quarrel 意意为“争吵，吵架争吵，吵架”,侧重以重以“口角口角”的方式的方式争争执；discuss 意意为“讨论”,为及物及物动词，后直接加，后直接加宾语，指，指为了解决了解决问题或弄清或弄清对方的方的观点而商量；点而商量；辨析argue/quarrel/discussargue常用9.entertainment/n./款待，娱乐；款待，娱乐；娱乐表演娱乐表演We warmly gave an entertainment to the foreign guests.entertain/v./款待，招待款待，招待；娱乐，助，助兴entertaining/adj./有趣的，使人愉快的有趣的，使人愉快的entertain sb.with sth.用用招待招待/款待某人款待某人The child entertained himself with building blocks.9.entertainment/n./款待，娱乐；10.inspire/vt./鼓舞，激发，启示鼓舞，激发，启示inspire sb.to do sth.激激发某人去做某事某人去做某事Eg.His spirit inspires us to work hard to achieve more in our life.inspiration(n.)灵感灵感inspiring (adj.)鼓励人的鼓励人的inspired(adj.)有有创作力的作力的10.inspire/vt./鼓舞，激发，启示inspir11.support/n.&vt./支持，拥护支持，拥护support a family 赡养家庭养家庭support oneself 自力更生自力更生support sb.in(doing)sth.在在(做做)某事方面支持某人某事方面支持某人support sb.by(doing)sth.通通过(做做)某事支持某人某事支持某人in support of sb./sth.支持或支援某人支持或支援某人/某事某事give support to sb.支持或支援某人支持或支援某人11.support/n.&vt./支持，拥护suppo12.audience/n./观众，听众，读者观众，听众，读者 audience是集合名是集合名词，用作主，用作主语时，其，其谓语可可用用单数（数（视为整体）或复数（整体）或复数（视为个体）个体）;形容听（形容听（观众）人数之多或少，通常用众）人数之多或少，通常用big,large,huge,mass,vast,wide 以及以及small,thin 等等形容形容词修修饰，但不用，但不用many,few修修饰；an audience 不是指不是指“一个一个观众众”，而是指某一，而是指某一群群观众、某一个众、某一个场次次观众、某一方面的众、某一方面的观众等；众等；12.audience/n./13.intend/vt./计划，打算计划，打算intend to do/doing sth.mean to do sth.打算做某事打算做某事sth.be intended for 某物是某物是为而准而准备的的intend sb./sth.to do sth.想要某人想要某人/物去做某事物去做某事intend that-clause 打算打算 had intended to do sth./intended to have done sth.本来打算做某事本来打算做某事13.intend/vt./计划，打算intend to 14.emergency/n./突发事件，紧急情况突发事件，紧急情况Its an emergency!情况情况紧急！急！He was always prepared for any unforeseen event of emergency.他他时刻刻为无法无法预料的料的紧急事件做好准急事件做好准备。a state of emergency 紧急状急状态in an emergency 遇遇紧急情况急情况时14.emergency/n./15.considerate/v./考虑；考虑；/adj./考虑周到的考虑周到的consideration/n./考考虑in consideration of.考考虑到到，顾及及take.into consideration考考虑到到;体体谅be under consideration在考在考虑中，在中，在审议中中give consideration to sth./give sth.15.considerate/v./考虑；consider/v./考考虑；认为 consider doing sth.考考虑某事某事 be considered to be/as.被被认为；被看作；被看作 consider/v./考虑；认为16.deliver/vt./递送，生（小孩）递送，生（小孩）发表（演说等）发表（演说等）deliver a baby 助助产，接生，接生deliver sth.to sb.把某物把某物递送送给某人某人delivery/n./传送送He is delivering a speech in English.Would you please deliver my message to your mother?16.deliver/vt./递送，生（小孩）1.human being 人人一个人一个人 a human being 人类人类 human beingseg.This is an invention that benefits human beings eg.We should make greater contributions to human beings.拓展：man/mankind 人类人类（其前都不加冠词，都是其前都不加冠词，都是u.其后谓语其后谓语v.用单三）用单三）1.human being 人一个人 a human be2.move off 离开，启程，出发离开，启程，出发When we got to the station,the train had moved off.move on 继续前前进/进行行move out 迁出；搬出迁出；搬出move in 迁迁进；搬；搬进move away 搬走搬走2.move off 离开，启程，出发When we got3.lead a.life 过着过着.的生活的生活lead to 通向；导致通向；导致lead in 导入；引进导入；引进I feel like leading a simple life.This road leads to our school.3.lead a.life 过着.的生活lead 4.crowd in（想法、问题等）涌上心头（想法、问题等）涌上心头crowd in(on sb.)/crowd into ones mind(想法、想法、问题等）涌上心等）涌上心头，涌入，涌入脑海海crowd out(常用被常用被动)挤出；排出；排挤在外在外crowd around/round(sb./sth.)聚集在（某人聚集在（某人/某物周某物周围）crowd into 涌入，涌入，挤进.a crowd of 一群，众多一群，众多be crowded with 挤满4.crowd in（想法、问题等）涌上心头crowd 5.look down upon/on 蔑视，瞧不起蔑视，瞧不起l反反义：look up to sb.尊敬某人尊敬某人No one likes to be looked down upon.look round/about 四四处查看，看，寻找找 look after 照照顾，照看（人或事物），照看（人或事物）look ahead 向前看向前看 look forward to 期待，盼望期待，盼望look into 调查，检查 5.look down upon/on 蔑视，瞧不起反义：look out 向外看；注意，小心向外看；注意，小心look through 检查，审视；快速；快速查看，看，浏览 look up 查找，找，查阅；向上看；向上看look on 旁旁观look on.as.把把看作看作/视为.look back 回回顾look out 向外看；注意，小心6.refer to 查阅，参考，谈到查阅，参考，谈到refer to.as.把把称作称作refer.to.把把提交给提交给(以求获得帮助以求获得帮助)(2)reference/n./言及；提及；参考；查阅言及；提及；参考；查阅in/with reference to 关于关于without reference to 与与无关；不管无关；不管6.refer to 查阅，参考，谈到7.by chance 碰巧，凑巧碰巧，凑巧by accident 碰巧碰巧 on purpose 故意地，有意地故意地，有意地by design 故意故意By chance he found the very book he was alwa7.by chance 碰巧，凑巧by accident e across（偶然）遇见；碰见（偶然）遇见；碰见How come?为什么？怎么会？怎么搞的？什么？怎么会？怎么搞的？come about 发生生come along 一起来；一道走一起来；一道走come down to 下垂到；达到；流下垂到；达到；流传下来下来come on 得啦；快点得啦；快点e across（偶然）遇见；碰见How cocome out 出来；出版；开花出来；出版；开花come to 达到；达到；总计为；结果是果是come to oneself(昏迷后昏迷后)苏醒醒过来；恢复理性来；恢复理性come up 上来；上来；(从土中从土中)长出，出，发芽芽come up with 提出；想出提出；想出come true 实现 come out 出来；出版；开花9.carry on 继续，坚持继续，坚持carry on with/doing sth.继续做某事继续做某事carry off 赢得；获得赢得；获得(奖品、荣誉等奖品、荣誉等)carry out 实行；执行；进行；履行实行；执行；进行；履行(诺言、义务等诺言、义务等)carry through 帮帮渡过渡过(难关等难关等)；维持；完成；维持；完成9.carry on 继续，坚持carry on with2)The meal over,the managers went back to the meeting room to _ their discussion.A.put away B.take downC.look over D.carry on解析解析 put away收好收好,放好放好,take down写下写下,记下记下;look over从从上面看；查看上面看；查看,检查检查;carry on继续。继续。句意：吃完饭句意：吃完饭,经理们回到会议室继续讨论。经理们回到会议室继续讨论。D.2)The meal over,the managers.句型透视句型透视1.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。她得以开始自己的计划。l此句是此句是onlyonly引导的一个引导的一个倒装句倒装句。当。当onlyonly修饰修饰副副词词 、介词短语、介词短语或或状语从句状语从句，且，且放在句首放在句首时时,主主句必须用句必须用部分倒装结构部分倒装结构。(1)否定副词否定副词(词组词组)never，nor,hardly,little，lseldom,by no means等置于句首时等置于句首时,句子要用部句子要用部分倒装结构。分倒装结构。.句型透视1.Only after her mothe.句型透视句型透视lNever before have I seen such a moving film.我从来没有看我从来没有看过这样感人的感人的电影。影。By no means will we give in to them.我我们决不会向他决不会向他们让步。步。(2)so 或或 neither/nor表示前者的情况也适用于另表示前者的情况也适用于另一人或物一人或物时,其句型其句型为“so/neither/nor+be/助助动词/情情态动词动词+另一主语另一主语”。soso指肯定情况，意指肯定情况，意为为“也是如此也是如此”,neither/nor,neither/nor适用于前者适用于前者是否定的情况是否定的情况,意为意为“也不这样也不这样”。.句型透视Never before have I see.句型透视句型透视lLily cant ride,neither/nor can Lucy.莉莉不会莉莉不会骑车，露西也不会。，露西也不会。注意注意 如果句意不是如果句意不是“也是如此也是如此”,而仅是对而仅是对前面内容的前面内容的肯定肯定或或附和附和(此时的此时的so=indeed)，那，那么句子不可使用倒装语序。么句子不可使用倒装语序。You forgot to take your key with you again!你又忘记带钥匙了！你又忘记带钥匙了！Oh,my god.So I did!噢，我的天哪，我确实忘了带！噢，我的天哪，我确实忘了带！.句型透视Lily cant ride,neithe.句型透视句型透视3)so+adj./adv.+that.引引导的的结果状果状语从句从句结构中构中,so+adj./adv.置于句首置于句首时，句子，句子须用部分倒装。用部分倒装。So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他英他英语讲得如此清晰，以致于得如此清晰，以致于别人人总能理解他意思。能理解他意思。注意注意 that引导的句子不倒装。引导的句子不倒装。.句型透视3)so+adj./adv.+that.句型透视句型透视(4)在非真在非真实条件句中可省略条件句中可省略if,把把were,had,should 提到句首构成提到句首构成部分倒装部分倒装结构构。Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.若明天下雨，我若明天下雨，我们就不去爬山了。就不去爬山了。.句型透视(4)在非真实条件句中可省略if,把were,.句型透视句型透视2.Once I stop,it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就，我就会想起会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。室里的黑猩猩。解解读once引引导条件状条件状语从句，意从句，意为“一旦一旦”；crowding in为现在分在分词短短语作伴随状作伴随状语。.句型透视2.Once I stop,it all c.句型透视句型透视3.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么医是多么难。解解读“It hits/hit/strike sb.从句从句”表示表示“某人突然想起某人突然想起”。拓展：拓展：Sth.occurs to sb.It occurs to sb.that.某人想到了某人想到了.句型透视3.Suddenly it hit me h.句型透视句型透视4.Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.我我们当天的首当天的首项任任务就是就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。watching a family of chimps wake up是是动名名词短短语,在句中作在句中作主主语。动名名词作主作主语往往表示一种概念、往往表示一种概念、习惯或或经验。.句型透视4.Watching a family of.句型透视句型透视l5.I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.直到一天晚上当我坐在直到一天晚上当我坐在电脑旁搜索中国旁搜索中国伟大女性的大女性的时候我才知道答案。候我才知道答案。解解读not.until.“直到直到才才”。.句型透视5.I did not know the a仿写仿写直到三年前从教育直到三年前从教育战线退休以后，退休以后，他才他才考考虑到国外度假。到国外度假。He _ he retired from teaching three years ago.didnt consider having a holiday abroad until 仿写直到三年前从教育战线退休以后，他才考虑到国外度假。知识回顾知识回顾Knowledge Knowledge ReviewReview祝您成功！知识回顾Knowledge Review祝您成功！
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