资源描述
書式設定International Recovery PlatformCLICKTOEDITMASTERTITLESTYLELIVELIHOODSIssues,Options,and LessonsLIVELIHOODSIssues,Options,a書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better2KEY ISSUESIssue 1:REPLACING PRODUCTIVE ASSETSOption1:Providecash/materialassistanceOption2:Createtemporaryincome-earningopportunitiesOption3:ProcurelocalgoodsandservicesOption4:UsemarketchainanalysisforbetterrecoveryIssue 2:IMPROVING LIVELIHOOD PROMOTION Option1:EngagedevelopmentactorsinlivelihoodprogrammingOption2:Buildandstrengthenmicro-financeinstitutionsOption3:InterveneinmarketsOption4:EnsureenvironmentalsustainabilityAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformCLICKTOEDITMASTERTITLESTYLE3REPLACING PRODUCTIVE ASSETSIProvideCash/MaterialAssistanceExamplesofOption13REPLACINGPRODUCTIVEASSETSIP書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better4Case 1:Village level cash grants,MYANMARBackgroundpCycloneNargis2008pHowtoprovidecashgrantsthatavoidstension?What is Unique?Village-leveltargetinginsteadofhouseholdtargetingProcesspSavetheChildrenMyanmarpioneeredprojectpCriteriasetpFormationof“LivelihoodCommittees”ateachvillageLessonspPreventedtensionsandfrustrationspMonitoringandevaluation:assessedrealimpactpCriteriadevelopment:sound&sociallyacceptedAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better5Case 2:Village Livelihood Grant,CHINABackgroundp2008SichuanEarthquakepCostlyrebuildingofhousesbyhouseholds&communitiesWhat is Unique?PromotescommunitiesdecisioninlivelihoodrecoveryProcesspWorkshoparrangedbySichuanAcademyofSocialScience(SASS):assessmentandplanningayearafterpFundingfromGive2AsiaChinaEarthquakeRecoveryFundpEco-agricultural Model forLivelihoodRecoveryLessonspCommunityatthecenteroflivelihoodplanningpLocalgovernmentbackingpGender-sensitiveconsiderationstraditionallivelihoodsAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better6Case 3:Community Cash Grants,ORISSA,INDIABackgroundp1998CyclonepBoatsandgearsoffarmersdamaged/destroyedWhat is Unique?Useofcommunitycashgrantsinreplacingboatsandgearsofover120familiesProcesspNGOcalledVHAIcontactedbyfamers,thenfacilitatedassistancepDFIDofUKprovidedgrantstoreplaceon25boats.Thisimpliesthat1boatshallbesharedby5familiespApproach:committeessetup;localcarpentershired,50%ofcosttoberepaidLessonspBoatsmaterializedbecauseofcommunitygrantsinsteadofhouseholdpCommitteeisbuiltonexistingpracticespLocalcarpentersensuredculturallyaccepteddesignsAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better7Case 4:Livelihood Relief Fund,INDIA BackgroundpTsunami2004pHowtoreplacemostneededassets?What is Unique?Demand-drivenassetreplacementProcesspFundsfromAllIndiaDisasterMitigationInstitute(AIDMI)pLRFstaffvisitsaffectedcommunitiespRecipientsconsultedonmostneededassetsforreplacementpLRFconsultseveralvendorsandnegotiateforassetspriceLessonspAssistanceusedasintendedpConsiderations:timeconsuming,staff-intensive,highonadministrativecostsAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better8Case 5:Uncoordinated Provision of Boats,SRI LANKABackgroundp2004TsunamipFishermenslivelihoodsseverelyaffectedWhat is Problematic?BoatsdidnotmatchcommunityrequirementsProcesspMultipledonorsandNGOsprovidingboats:uncoordinatedpMoreboatsresultedtoover-fishingpSEWAcancelledtheorderofover2,000canoesLessonspConsiderationsofcontext-specificneedspComplexeffectofreplacements:marineecosystem,economypSignifiestheimportanceofconsultationandcoordinationAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better9Case 6:Flexi Vouchers,MALAWIBackgroundpProvisionof“ShelterPacks”ofseedsandfertilizerstraditionallypracticedpBeneficiariesfeedbacks,andmodificationsmadeWhat is Unique?VouchersmadeflexibleProcesspVoucherscanbeexchangedforcashorseedspNGO&GovernmentpartneredintheprovisionofflexivouchersLessonspUseofvoucherswhenmostneededpFlexibility:season-sensitivevouchersAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformSeedsFarmingToolshttp:/crs.org/kenya/finding-peace-post-conflict/SeedsFarmingToolshttp:/crs.書式設定International Recovery PlatformCLICKTOEDITMASTERTITLESTYLE11REPLACING PRODUCTIVE ASSETSICreateTemporaryIncomeEarningOpportunitiesExamplesofOption211REPLACINGPRODUCTIVEASSETSI書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better12Case 7:Cash for Work(second incarnation),INDIABackgroundp2005Floods,Kheda,GujaratpIncomeforaffectedcommunities?What is Unique?pUseofCFWapproachinconstructingnewdrainagesystemProcesspAIDMICFWprogrampPro-activelyincludedpooresthouseholdsbasedonAIDMIexperienceinSouthIndiaLessonspPro-activelyengagedpoorestpeoplepConsideration:CFWcanundermineessentiallivelihoodsactivitiespSpecialarrangementsbasedoncapacitiesofindividuals(e.g.women)pAIDMIhaslongexperienceofCFWapproachAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better13Case 8:Road Construction,NIAS,INDONESIA Backgroundp2004TsunamipInfrastructurereconstructionapproach?What is Unique?Employment-intensivereconstructionof200kmruralroadsProcesspPartnership:Government,BRR,localgovernment,ILO,MultidonorspToT:capacitybuildingprogramsfordistrictpublicworksandfacilitatorspOver400,000workersgeneratedpEvaluation:superiorquality,cheaper,buildbackbetterLessonspLabor-basedoverequipment-basedapproachpContractorswithToTincreasedvalue&recognitionpTransparency:engagingmoreactorspUtilizationoflocalproducts,services,andmaterialsAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better14Case 9:Employment Centers,ACEH,INDONESIABackgroundp2004TsunamipUnemployed:600,000What is Unique?ILOalignedjob-seekerswithemployersthroughlocalcentersProcesspPartnership:Government&ILOpFunds:UNDP+GovernmentofAustraliapCenters:existingvocationtrainingcentersatlocalgovernmentspDatabaseofskilledpeopleinAcehLessonspDatabasecanbepowerfultoolforjobmatchingpAsexistingstructure,itcanprovidecounselingandreferralspItcaninformrecovery-relatedrecoverypoliciespItcanprovideappropriatetrainingAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformEmployment centers http:/good- Recovery PlatformCLICKTOEDITMASTERTITLESTYLE16REPLACING PRODUCTIVE ASSETSIProcureLocalGoods/ServicesExamplesofOption316REPLACINGPRODUCTIVEASSETSI書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better17Case 10:Housing Reconstruction,Yogyakarta,INDONESIABackgroundp2006EarthquakepUSD600Millionforcommunity&owner-drivenreconstructionWhat is Unique?Trainingprogramforhomeownersandlocalskilledpeopleforpermanenthousingreconstruction.ProcesspSkillstrainingpRevitalizationofmicro&smallenterprises(unemploymentdropped)LessonspHugecashinjectioncanboastlocaleconomypCommunity&ownerdrivenapproachensurethathousingmeetsspecificlivelihoodneedspTrainingprogramimprovedcapacity&qualityAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformCLICKTOEDITMASTERTITLESTYLE18REPLACING PRODUCTIVE ASSETSIUseofMarketChainAnalysisExamplesofOption418REPLACINGPRODUCTIVEASSETSI書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better19Case 11:Market Chain Analysis for Livelihood Intervention,HAITIBackgroundp2004FloodpMarketfunctioningseverelydamagedWhat is Unique?MarketchainanalysisconductedtorecoverynormalmarketfunctioningProcesspAssessmentofsupplychain(Figure1)pAffectedpoorest:CFW&FoodVoucherprogramspMadamSares:vouchersfortrade&livestockspMiddlemen:vouchersfortradepSuppliers:noassistanceLessonspAnalysishelpedtailoredtypeofassistancepAnalysisinformhowtorestoreeconomicactivitiesAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformConditionsPostFloodsandLandslidesTransportandStorageFacilityDestroyedLeftwithdebttopayLostPackAnimalfortransportsandstockLostPackAnimalfortransportsandstockPurchasingpowerreducedUnaffectedFigure 1 Market Chain AnalysisConditionsPostFloodsandLan書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better21Case 12:Market Chain Analysis for Targeted Loans,HAITI Backgroundp2004KeysuppliersrunoutofstockspCauses:(a)cashflowcrisis,repaymentproblems:(b)fuelprices-transportationinsecuritypConsumersseverelyaffectedWhat is Unique?UseofmarketchainanalysistoappraisethesituationProcesspPartnership:Fonkoze&ConcernWorldwidepLoans:targetedto16supplierspCriteria:putinplaceforsuppliersLessonspOrganizationwithlonghistoryofworkinginthefieldcaneasilyspottheproblempTailoredloansreinvigoratedmarketflowAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformCLICKTOEDITMASTERTITLESTYLE22IMPROVING LIVELIHOOD PROMOTIONIIEngageDevelopmentActorsExamplesofOption122IMPROVINGLIVELIHOODPROMOTI書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better23Case 13:Local NGO taking on livelihood recovery,INDIABackgroundp2004Tsunami;someremoteareasinTamilNadureceivedlessattentionWhat is Unique?pPeoplesActionforDevelopment(PAD)reinforcesexistingcommunityself-helpgroups(SHG)ProcesspPADpartnerswithDistrictGovernmentpRecoveryassistanceonfishing;boats,gears,nets,etc.pSHGpaidgiftedboatsVillageDevelopmentCommittees(VDC)pMicro-financeµ-insuranceschemesLessonspSpecificattentiononrangeoflivelihoodspParticipatoryapproachpWell-establishedandcommittedNGOAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better24Case 14:Engaging University and Private Sectors,INDONESIA Backgroundp2006Earthquake;craftindustryseverelyaffectedpProblem:noorder,nobuyer,noincomeWhat is Unique?Facilitated“order-based”programforsilvercraftProcesspCollaboration:GMU&ExxonMobil+localgovernmentpTwo-year“order-based”programtobesustainableafterpUGMfacilitatedorderpExxonMobilmarkets&fundingpLocalgovernmentassistanceinproduction/programLessonspCollaborationdrawsexpertiseandresourcesofwiderangeofstakeholderspTechnicalsupportprovidedbyacademicinstitutionsAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformExhibitionTexCraft2008PreliminarySurveyfortargetingthebeneficiariescollaboratedwithHeritageDistrictManagementOrganizationhttp:/ Recovery PlatformCLICKTOEDITMASTERTITLESTYLE26IMPROVING LIVELIHOOD PROMOTIONIIBuild/StrengthenMicro-FinanceInstitutionsExamplesofOption226IMPROVINGLIVELIHOODPROMOTI書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better27Case 15:Tailoring Loans for Poor Farmers,BANGLADESHBackgroundpRecurrentfloods&cyclonespFarmersoftenseverelyaffected,yetexcludedfromborrowingsWhat is Unique?IntroductionofnewapproachoffinancingservicestopoorfarmersProcesspPartnership:PKSF(micro-financeinstitution)&IFADpNewFinancialService:graceperiod,extendingpayments,seasonalloanspCapacitybuilding:farmingtechniques,cropdiversification,animalhusbandryLessonspTailoredloansbeneficialtopoorfarmerspApproachfreesfarmersfromlong-termdebtAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better28Case 16:Insurance to Poorest Population,GUJARAT,INDIABackgroundp2001EarthquakepLivelihoodsofpoorestwomenaffectedWhat is Unique?IntegratedmicrofinancepackagelinkingwithinsuranceandsavingsProcesspSEWAcombinessavings,credit,andinsurancepInsurancepremiumoptions:lumpsumorsavingforitmonthlypIfwomancannotpaybyendofyear,itwillbetreatedasloanLessonspTheprogrammitigatedamageandrecoverylivelihoodsimmediatelypBuffersimmediateimpactsofdisastertolivelihoodsAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformCLICKTOEDITMASTERTITLESTYLE29IMPROVING LIVELIHOOD PROMOTIONIIInterveneinMarketsExamplesofOption329IMPROVINGLIVELIHOODPROMOTI書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better30Case 17:RESTART:Business Development Services,THAILANDBackgroundp2004TsunamipSMEsoftwoprovincesseverelyaffected(Phuket&Phang-Nga)What is Unique?Re-establishmentofSMEsthroughcredit&trainingonbusinessmanagementanddevelopmentplanningProcesspRESTARTBusinessCentersinpartnershipwithMinistryofIndustrypStaffofcenters:Ministrystaff+localbusinessconsultantspApproach:consultation,planning,settingup,loan,linkagewithlocalbanksLessonspValueofqualifiedconsultantspLinktostartuploanspMoIbackingimprovescreditworthinessAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better31Case 18:Creating Commodity Associations,ZIMBABWEBackgroundpWhilefarmersincreasecapacitytoproduce,marketsforproductsbecameproblematicpLackofvitalinformationonmarket,anadvantagetomiddlemenWhat is Unique?FormationofcommodityassociationstointerveneinmarketProcesspFormationfacilitatedbyPracticalActionSouthernAfricap7commodities:honey,cotton,grains,oilseeds,horticulture,livestock,tobaccoin27wardstoproducequalityproductspZFUsupportedthecommodityassociationsLessonspEnhancesknowledgeandskillsthroughsharedexperiencespStrengthensupplychain(imports&demands)pIncreasepoliticalcapitalAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformCLICKTOEDITMASTERTITLESTYLE32IMPROVING LIVELIHOOD PROMOTIONIIEnsureSustainabilityofNaturalResourcesExamplesofOption432IMPROVINGLIVELIHOODPROMOTI書式設定International Recovery PlatformA Tool for Building Back better33Case 19:Rehabilitating Grazing Lands,SUDAN BackgroundpRangelands(60%)affectedbydroughtpLivelihoodsaffected:livestock&vegetationWhat is Unique?CreationoflocalsustainablenaturalresourcemanagementsystemProcesspMulti-stakeholder:Ministries,UNDP,NGOspPackageofmutuallysupportivesustainablelivelihoodactivitiespActivities:institution-building,training,rangelandrehabilitation,communitydevelopmentLessonspDiversificationofagriculturalandlivelihoodstrategiespCommunitymobilization&raisingawarenesspShorttermsurvivalsuccessesforlong-termlonggoalsinresourcemanagementAToolforBuildingBackbette書式設定International Recovery PlatformNewbetelvinecultivationfinancedthroughfarmer-friendlyloansDiversificationagriculturalproductthroughAnimalHusbandryMustardplantedbetweenbananaplant:Mustardplantedbetweenbananaplants:farmershavelearnedthebenefitsofintercroppingFarmersarenowabletointroducebasicmechanizationNewbetelvinecultivationfin書式設定International Recovery Platform35Thank You!35ThankYou!
展开阅读全文