必修一英语话题4自然灾害课件

话题话题4 4 自然灾害自然灾害.基础知识自测基础知识自测基础知识自测基础知识自测 .1._ n.地震地震2._ n.管；导管管；导管3._ n.事件；事件；大事大事4._ n.运河；水道运河；水道5._ n.砖；砖块砖；砖块brick earthquakepipeeventcanal.6._ n.掩蔽处；避身处掩蔽处；避身处7._ n.要点；大纲；轮廓要点；大纲；轮廓8._ n.灾难；灾祸灾难；灾祸9._ vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏埋葬；掩埋；隐藏10._ vi.(burst,burst)爆发爆发burst shelteroutlinedisasterbury.11._ adj.极度的极度的12._ adv.真诚地真诚地;真挚地真挚地13._ n.废墟废墟 vt.毁灭毁灭14._ vt.表示表示;表达表达 n.快车快车15._ n.裁判员裁判员;vt.断定断定judge extremesincerelyruinexpress.(A)单词派生单词派生 二、单词拓展二、单词拓展1._ n.矿，矿山矿，矿山 _ n.矿工矿工2._ v.判断判断 _ n.判断；辨别力判断；辨别力 judgment mineminerjudge.3._ vt.损害损害;伤害伤害 _ n.损害损害;伤害伤害 _ adj.受伤的受伤的4._ v.祝贺祝贺;恭喜恭喜 _ n.祝贺祝贺;(复数复数)贺词贺词 congratulation injureinjuryinjuredcongratulate.5._ adj.电的电的;导电的导电的 _ n.电电;电流电流;电学电学 _ adj.与电有关的与电有关的6._ v.(使使)惊吓惊吓 _ adj.受惊的受惊的;受恐吓的受恐吓的 _ adj.令人恐惧的令人恐惧的frightening electricelectricityelectricalfrightenfrightened.1.Two players are out of the team because of _.(injure)介词后要接名词。介词后要接名词。2.My personal _ is that he is to blame.(judge)形容词后接名词构成名词词组作形容词后接名词构成名词词组作主语。主语。judgementinjury.3.I think it is dangerous for _(mine)to work in such terrible conditions.miners意为意为“矿工矿工”。.4.His _(frighten)eyes made the boy feel_.5.Bob left me his _(electric)fan before he went to London.形容词修饰后面的名词。形容词修饰后面的名词。frighteningfrightenedelectric感到恐惧的感到恐惧的令人恐惧的令人恐惧的.1._ 立刻立刻;马上马上2._ 许多许多;大量的大量的3._ 结束结束;终结终结4._ 严重受损严重受损;成为废墟成为废墟三、短语翻译三、短语翻译in ruins right awaya(great)number ofat an end.5._ 掘出掘出;发现发现6._ 仿佛仿佛;好像好像7._ 代替代替8._ 像往常一样像往常一样as usual dig outas ifinstead of.9._ 被困住被困住,被套住被套住10._ 横切横切11._ 三分之二三分之二12._ 灾害侵袭的地区灾害侵袭的地区disaster-hit areasbe trappedcut across two thirds.四、语篇填空四、语篇填空 At 3:42 a.m.everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world was at an end!Eleven kilometres 1 _(direct)below the city,the 2 _(great)earthquake of the 20th century had begun.It was felt in Beijing,3 _is more than two hundred kilometres away.One-third of the nation felt it.A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and canals.directly greatest which.Steam burst from holes 4 _ the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city 5 _(lie)in ruins.The suffering of the people 6 _(be)extreme.Two-thirds of them died 7 _were injured during the earthquake.Thousands of families were killed and many 8 _(child)were left without parents.in lay was or children.9 _ number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.Then,later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan.More buildings fell down.Water,food,and electricity were hard 10 _(get).People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.The to get.1.directly 修饰介词短语作状语，用副词，意修饰介词短语作状语，用副词，意为为“正好正好”在这座城市下面。在这座城市下面。2.greatest 前有前有the，后有，后有of the 20th century表表示范围，可以确定用最高级。示范围，可以确定用最高级。3.which 引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是行词是Beijing。4.in 说地上有洞，其实是地里有洞，故用说地上有洞，其实是地里有洞，故用in；类似的墙上有洞，也用类似的墙上有洞，也用in。5.lay 由上下文中的谓语动词时态可知，用一由上下文中的谓语动词时态可知，用一般过去时，般过去时，lie的过去时是的过去时是lay。lie in ruins成为成为废墟。废墟。.6.was 主语是主语是The suffering(痛苦痛苦)，第三人，第三人称单数，一般过去时，故填称单数，一般过去时，故填was。7.or 指死了指死了“或者或者”受伤。受伤。8.children 受受many修饰要用复数。修饰要用复数。9.The 从后面的数字看是指从后面的数字看是指“数量数量”，表，表示示“的数量的数量”用用the number of。10.to get 在作表语或补语的形容词后只能在作表语或补语的形容词后只能用不定式作状语。用不定式作状语。.五、语段改错五、语段改错 All hope was not lost.Soon after the quakesthe army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshanto helping the rescue workers.Hundreds of thousands people were helped.The army organized teams to dig out those that were trapped and to bury the dead.ofhelpwho.To the north of the city,most of the10,000 minersare rescued from the coal mines here.Workers built shelters to survivors whose home had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city by the train,truck and plane.Slow,the city began tobreath again.breathehomesthereSlowlyforwere.1.helping help 作目的状语用不定式作目的状语用不定式(to do)。2.在在people前加前加of 表示具体几千人不用表示具体几千人不用of，thousand也不用复数，如也不用复数，如three thousand people；表示数以千计的人，表示数以千计的人，thousands后要加后要加of。3.that who 当先行词是指人的当先行词是指人的those时，只能时，只能用用who引导定语从句。引导定语从句。4.are were 由上下文谓语动词时态可知，用过由上下文谓语动词时态可知，用过去时。去时。5.here there 指这座城市北面的煤矿指这座城市北面的煤矿“那里那里”。.6.to for 表示表示“为某人为某人”造庇护所造庇护所/房子，用房子，用for sb.。7.home homes 由前面的由前面的shelters和和survivors可可知，用复数。知，用复数。8.去掉去掉by后的后的the 用用by表示表示“乘乘”车车/船船/飞机等，飞机等，习惯上说习惯上说by bus/train/boat/plane，不用冠词。，不用冠词。9.Slow Slowly 位于句首，修饰全句，用副词位于句首，修饰全句，用副词作状语。作状语。10.breath breathe 表示开始做某事是表示开始做某事是begin to do sth.，故名词，故名词breath要改为动词要改为动词breathe。.重点词汇讲练重点词汇讲练重点词汇讲练重点词汇讲练 .原句原句 In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.城城市里市里,一些大楼的水管破裂了。一些大楼的水管破裂了。(B1P26)1.burst v.爆裂爆裂;突发突发例句例句 The balloon suddenly burst.气球气球突然爆炸了。突然爆炸了。.burst in闯进来；突然插嘴闯进来；突然插嘴 burst into laughter=burst out laughing放声大笑放声大笑 burst into tears=burst out crying放声大哭放声大哭搭配搭配.When we were chatting in the room,he burst _.运用运用 填入一个恰当的词。填入一个恰当的词。The audience burst _ cheers.As she was talking,the old man burst _crying with excitement.out into in.2.injure vt.伤害，使受伤，损害伤害，使受伤，损害例句例句 Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.三分之二的人在这次地震中死去或受三分之二的人在这次地震中死去或受伤。伤。.理解理解 说出下列各句的汉语意思。说出下列各句的汉语意思。He injured his knee yesterday.I hope I didnt injure her feelings.Dishonest injures a business.欺骗有害生意。欺骗有害生意。他昨天伤了膝盖。他昨天伤了膝盖。我希望我没有伤害她的感情。我希望我没有伤害她的感情。.3.destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭破坏；毁坏；消灭(damage sth.so badly that it cannot be repaired or it no longer exists，works，etc.)例句例句 Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.无论人们朝哪无论人们朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。.destroy强烈摧毁，无法或难以修复；强烈摧毁，无法或难以修复；毁掉毁掉(名誉、希望、计划等名誉、希望、计划等)。如：。如：The houses were destroyed by a fire.房屋房屋被火灾所毁。被火灾所毁。ruin(逐渐逐渐)彻底毁灭；弄坏彻底毁灭；弄坏(美好经历或美好经历或有用物有用物)。如：。如：Oxford has been ruined by the motor industry.牛津城已经被汽车工业毁掉了。牛津城已经被汽车工业毁掉了。辨析辨析 destroy，ruin&damage.damage可修复的部分损坏或损害，指可修复的部分损坏或损害，指其价值或功能等降低。其价值或功能等降低。They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged.他们设法修复了受到他们设法修复了受到破坏的房屋。破坏的房屋。.运用运用 用上述词填空，并译成汉语。用上述词填空，并译成汉语。What he said _ our last hope.She poured water all over my painting,and_ it.Her heart was slightly _ as a result of her long illness.由于生病，她的心脏轻微受损。由于生病，她的心脏轻微受损。(功能降低功能降低)destroyed他说的话摧毁了我们最后的希望。他说的话摧毁了我们最后的希望。ruined她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。(有用物有用物被糟蹋被糟蹋)damaged.4.shock v.(使使)震惊；震动震惊；震动 n.休克；休克；打击；震惊打击；震惊例句例句 Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were shocked.井里满井里满是沙子而不是水了，人们惊呆了。是沙子而不是水了，人们惊呆了。.用法用法 作作n.表示表示“令人震惊的事令人震惊的事”时，时，前用前用a。派生派生 _ adj.(人人)感到震惊的感到震惊的 _ adj.(事事)令人震惊的令人震惊的shockingshocked.翻译翻译 听到这个消息，我十分震惊。听到这个消息，我十分震惊。（一句多译）（一句多译）a.I _ to hear the news.b.I _ the news.c._me to hear the news.d.The news _ a shock.gave me was shockedwas shocked atIt shocked.5.rescue n.&vt.援救；营救援救；营救(savefrom harm or danger；set free)例句例句 Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。.搭配搭配rescuefrom 从从中抢救或营救中抢救或营救 go/come to ones rescue援救或帮助某人援救或帮助某人 rescue work/workers抢救工作抢救工作/救援人员救援人员.rescue多指在直接的危险或祸患中给予迅速多指在直接的危险或祸患中给予迅速和有效的救援，较和有效的救援，较save更能表达拯救的紧迫性，更能表达拯救的紧迫性，一般指救人；它还有从监禁中救出的意思。一般指救人；它还有从监禁中救出的意思。save指通过救援不但使受害者指通过救援不但使受害者(人或物人或物)能脱能脱离危险或祸患，而且使其能保存下来，有时可离危险或祸患，而且使其能保存下来，有时可与与rescue通用。从某种状态中把某人拯救出来通用。从某种状态中把某人拯救出来多用多用save。辨析辨析 rescue&save.运用运用 用用rescue或或save填空填空,并说明理由。并说明理由。只有社会主义才能救中国。只有社会主义才能救中国。Only socialism can_ China.救生艇被派出去救沉船的水手。救生艇被派出去救沉船的水手。The life boat was sent out to _ the sailors from the sinking ship.save rescue 指从状态中拯救出，多用指从状态中拯救出，多用save。从危险中拯救，拯救的紧迫性，用从危险中拯救，拯救的紧迫性，用rescue更好。更好。.消防队员行动及时，该建筑物才免消防队员行动及时，该建筑物才免遭焚毁。遭焚毁。The quick action of the firemen_the building from being burned down.saved 救的对象是物，多用救的对象是物，多用save。.6.trap vt.使陷入困境使陷入困境 n.陷阱；困境陷阱；困境运用运用 他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里。他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里。They _ the burning hotel.were trapped in.7.lie/be in ruins 成为废墟成为废墟例句例句 The whole building lay in ruins after a terrible earthquake.整栋大楼整栋大楼在一次可怕的地震后变成废墟。在一次可怕的地震后变成废墟。.翻译翻译 暴风雨过后，他的房子已成废墟。暴风雨过后，他的房子已成废墟。联想联想fall into ruin完全毁掉；坍塌；破败不堪完全毁掉；坍塌；破败不堪After the storm,his house lay in ruins.原句原句 Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.因为地震是在人们睡觉因为地震是在人们睡觉的时候发生的的时候发生的,所以造成了这么多的人死所以造成了这么多的人死亡。亡。(B1P27)8.a great number of 许多许多,大量大量 例句例句 I have a large number of letters to answer.我有许多信要回。我有许多信要回。.比较比较a(great，large)number of(+复数复数名词名词)许多许多;the number of(+复数名词复数名词)的数目。前者作主语时，谓语的数目。前者作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后者作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后者作主语时，谓语动词用单数。动词用单数。.The number of the people invited to the party _(be)50 last night,but a number of them _(be)absent for different reasons.1运用运用 用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。waswere.写作句型仿写写作句型仿写写作句型仿写写作句型仿写 .原句原句 It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日世界似乎到了末日!(B1P26)1.It seems as if 看上去好像看上去好像;似乎似乎例句例句 It seemed as if the sky would fall down.似乎天要塌下来了。似乎天要塌下来了。.仿写仿写 看上去好像除了我之外别人都知道。看上去好像除了我之外别人都知道。_ except me.说明说明 其中其中as if 可用可用as though替代替代 It seems as if everybody knows it.原句原句 Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里人们无论朝哪里看看,那里的一切都几乎被毁了。那里的一切都几乎被毁了。(B1P26)2.Everywhere无论哪里无论哪里(=wherever)例句例句 Everywhere she goes,she will receive warm welcome.无论她走到哪无论她走到哪,她都会受到热她都会受到热烈欢迎。烈欢迎。.仿写仿写 无论他走到哪儿无论他走到哪儿,我都会找到他。我都会找到他。_,I will find him.Everywhere he goes.例句例句 All students can not go to key university after they graduate from middle school.不是所有的学生中学毕不是所有的学生中学毕业后都能上重点大学。业后都能上重点大学。3.all.not=not all.并非都并非都原句原句 All hope was not lost.不是所有不是所有的希望都破灭了。的希望都破灭了。(B1P26).仿写仿写 并不是每个人都像你那么自私。并不是每个人都像你那么自私。说明说明 all,both,each,always,every及及every的合成词与的合成词与not 连用时表部分否定。连用时表部分否定。_ is as selfish as you.Not everyone.原句原句 The chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.鸡甚至猪也太紧张鸡甚至猪也太紧张了以至于不吃东西了了以至于不吃东西了。4.too+adj./adv.+(for sb.)to do sth.太太以至于不以至于不例句例句 The man is too honest to play a trick like that.这个人很诚实这个人很诚实,不会搞那样不会搞那样的恶作剧的的恶作剧的。.说明说明 在以下三种情况下，此结构是肯定意在以下三种情况下，此结构是肯定意义：义：当形容词是表心情的当形容词是表心情的ready，glad，happy，eager，willing等时，表肯定；等时，表肯定；和和never，not连用时，意为连用时，意为“非常，怎非常，怎么做也不过分么做也不过分”。在在too前加上前加上only，but，all，simply或或just时，表肯定，且带有一定的感情色彩。时，表肯定，且带有一定的感情色彩。.(1)这个箱子太重了这个箱子太重了,我搬不动我搬不动。The box is _ for me _.仿写仿写 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。根据汉语意思完成英文句子。(2)我十分渴望见到你我十分渴望见到你。Im _ to _ you.see too heavyto carrytoo eager.5.think little of 不重视；没把不重视；没把当成当成回事回事例句例句 But the one million people of the city,who thought little of these events,were asleep as usual that night.但是，但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事情况当一回事,当天晚上照常睡着了。当天晚上照常睡着了。.think much of 重视；赞扬重视；赞扬think nothing of不把不把放在心里放在心里think highly of 对对评价高评价高think badly/ill of对对评价很糟评价很糟联想联想.仿写仿写 将下列中文句子翻译成英文。将下列中文句子翻译成英文。他不重视我的建议。他不重视我的建议。她没把每天走她没把每天走30里路当回事。里路当回事。She thinks nothing of walking 30 miles a day.He thought little of my suggestion.原句原句 Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。(P30 B1).分析分析 句中句中all of whom引导一个引导一个_ _ 从句，其中从句，其中whom指代指代_，该从句也可改为，该从句也可改为and all of them agreed that这样一个并这样一个并列句；列句；that 引导一个引导一个_从句。从句。宾语宾语非限制性定语非限制性定语five judges.