法律英语 第四课 司法系统课件

Lesson FourLesson FourJudicial System 6/18/20241法律英语Lesson FourJudicial System8/Good order is the foundation of all things.E.Burke,British statesman良好的秩序是一切的基础。良好的秩序是一切的基础。英国政治家英国政治家 伯克伯克 E E 6/18/20242法律英语法律英语Good order is the foundation oBackground 美国司法制度的特点：美国司法制度的特点：贯彻三权分立的原则，实行司法独立；贯彻三权分立的原则，实行司法独立；法院组织分为联邦和地方两大系统；法院组织分为联邦和地方两大系统；联邦最高法院享有特殊的司法审查权。联邦最高法院享有特殊的司法审查权。6/18/20243法律英语法律英语Background 美国司法制度的特点：8/10/20State and Federal CourtsThroughout the United States there are two judicial systems.One system consists of state and local courts established under the authority of the state governments.The other is the Supreme Court and the federal court system,created by Congress under the authority of the Constitution of the United States.6/18/20244法律英语法律英语State and Federal CourtsThroug 6/18/20245法律英语法律英语8/10/20235法律英语 6/18/20246法律英语法律英语8/10/20236法律英语Proper namesSecurities and Exchange Commission（美）证券交易委员会（美）证券交易委员会Labor Relations Board劳资关系委员会劳资关系委员会 6/18/20247法律英语法律英语Proper namesSecurities and Exc美国联邦法院美国联邦法院普通法院普通法院特别法院特别法院联邦最高法院联邦最高法院联邦巡回上诉法院联邦巡回上诉法院联邦地区法院联邦地区法院联邦税务法院联邦税务法院联邦破产法院联邦破产法院联邦军事法院联邦军事法院联邦关税和权利联邦关税和权利上诉法院上诉法院 6/18/20248法律英语法律英语美国联邦法院普通法院特别法院联邦最高法院联邦巡回上诉法院The U.S.Supreme Court Building in Washington D.C.6/18/20249法律英语法律英语The U.S.Supreme Court BuildinThe United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 美国联邦巡回法庭的上诉法庭美国联邦巡回法庭的上诉法庭 6/18/202410法律英语法律英语The United States Court of App美国州法院美国州法院州最高法院州最高法院终审上诉法终审上诉法院院上诉法院上诉法院中级上诉法院中级上诉法院初审法院初审法院州最高法院州最高法院初审法院初审法院内布拉斯加等几个州内布拉斯加等几个州三级法院三级法院或者或者两级法院两级法院 6/18/202411法律英语法律英语美国州法院州最高法院终审上诉法院上诉法院中级上诉法Superior Courts of Georgia州高等法院州高等法院 6/18/202412法律英语法律英语Superior Courts of Georgia8/美国的法官美国的法官联邦和州最高法院的法官联邦和州最高法院的法官大法官，大法官，justice上诉法院和审判法院的法官上诉法院和审判法院的法官法官，法官，judge基层法院的审判人员基层法院的审判人员治安法官，治安法官，justice of the peace司法官，司法官，magistrateChief JusticeAssociate JusticeCircuit JudgeAssociate Judge 6/18/202413法律英语法律英语美国的法官联邦和州最高法院的法官Chief JusticeCSection 2.The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases,in Law and Equity,arising under this Constitution,the Laws of the United States,and Treaties made,or which shall be made,under their Authority;-to all Cases affecting Ambassadors,other public Ministers and Consuls;-to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;-to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;-to Controversies between two or more States;-between a State and Citizens of another State;-between Citizens of different States;-between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States,and between a State,or the Citizens thereof,and foreign States,Citizens or Subjects.In all Cases affecting Ambassadors,other public Ministers and Consuls,and those in which a State shall be Party,the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction.In all the other Cases before mentioned,the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction,both as to Law and Fact,with such Exceptions,and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.The Trial of all Crimes,except in Cases of Impeachment,shall be by Jury;and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed;but when not committed within any State,the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.6/18/202414法律英语法律英语Section 2.The judicial Powe司法权适用的范围，应包括在本宪法、合众国法律、和合众国已订的司法权适用的范围，应包括在本宪法、合众国法律、和合众国已订的及将订的条约之下发生的一切涉及普通法及衡平法的案件；一切有关及将订的条约之下发生的一切涉及普通法及衡平法的案件；一切有关大使、公使及领事的案件；一切有关海上裁判权及海事裁判权的案件；大使、公使及领事的案件；一切有关海上裁判权及海事裁判权的案件；合众国为当事一方的诉讼；州与州之间的诉讼，州与另一州的公民之合众国为当事一方的诉讼；州与州之间的诉讼，州与另一州的公民之间的诉讼，一州公民与另一州公间的诉讼，一州公民与另一州公 民之间的诉讼，同州公民之间为不民之间的诉讼，同州公民之间为不同之州所让与之土地而争执的诉讼，以及一州或其公民与外国政府、同之州所让与之土地而争执的诉讼，以及一州或其公民与外国政府、公民或其国民之间的诉讼。公民或其国民之间的诉讼。在一切有关大使、公使、领事以及州为当事一方的案件中，最高法院在一切有关大使、公使、领事以及州为当事一方的案件中，最高法院有最初审理权。在上述所有其它案件中，最高法院有关于法律和事实有最初审理权。在上述所有其它案件中，最高法院有关于法律和事实的受理上诉权，但由国会规定为例外及另有处理条例者，不在此限。的受理上诉权，但由国会规定为例外及另有处理条例者，不在此限。对一切罪行的审判，除了弹劾案以外，均应由陪审团裁定，并且该审对一切罪行的审判，除了弹劾案以外，均应由陪审团裁定，并且该审判应在罪案发生的州内举行；但如罪案发生地点并不在任何一州之内，判应在罪案发生的州内举行；但如罪案发生地点并不在任何一州之内，该项审判应在国会按法律指定之地点或几个地点举行。该项审判应在国会按法律指定之地点或几个地点举行。6/18/202415法律英语法律英语司法权适用的范围，应包括在本宪法、合众国法律、和合众国已订的Part 1:CourtsFifty-two separate court systems in the U.S.52个独立的法院系统个独立的法院系统Fifty statesDistrict of Columbia Federal court system 6/18/202416法律英语法律英语Part 1:CourtsFifty-two separaThe federal courts are not superior to the state courts;they are an independent,coordinate system authorized by the US.Constitution,联邦法院联邦法院不凌驾于不凌驾于州法院之上；它们是州法院之上；它们是由美国宪法授权的由美国宪法授权的独立、并列的系统独立、并列的系统。6/18/202417法律英语法律英语The federal courts are not supFederalism 联邦制度联邦制度The presence of two parallel court system often raises questions concerning the relationship of the state and federal systems,presenting important issues of federalism.两种并列的法院系统两种并列的法院系统的存在经常带来州的存在经常带来州与联邦系统与联邦系统关系关系的问题，提出了重要的的问题，提出了重要的联邦制度联邦制度问题。问题。6/18/202418法律英语法律英语Federalism 联邦制度The presence ofThe U.S.Supreme CourtThe U.S.Supreme Court,compose of nine justices,sits as the final and controlling voice over all these systems.美国联邦最高法院由美国联邦最高法院由9个大法官个大法官组成，组成，对全部这些法律体系有对全部这些法律体系有最终的控制性的最终的控制性的发言权发言权。6/18/202419法律英语法律英语The U.S.Supreme CourtThe U.S.Two-tiered system 两级审判制两级审判制Nebraska 内布拉斯加内布拉斯加Three-tiered system 三级审判制三级审判制Trial court初审法院初审法院Two levels of appeal两级上诉两级上诉Any litigantPlead his case beforeShould he lose 6/18/202420法律英语法律英语Two-tiered system 两级审判制NebIn the federal systemTrial court(初审法院初审法院)the U.S.District Court(94)美国地区法院美国地区法院Intermediate appellate courtsThe U.S.Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit美国联邦巡回法院的上诉法院美国联邦巡回法院的上诉法院(11+2)The U.S.Supreme Court美国最高法院美国最高法院哥伦比亚特区上诉法院哥伦比亚特区上诉法院联邦特别法院的巡回法院联邦特别法院的巡回法院 6/18/202421法律英语法律英语In the federal systemTrial cou11 districts 6/18/202422法律英语法律英语11 districts8/10/202322法律英语Various specialized tribunalsUS Bankruptcy Court,US Armed Forces Court of Appeals,US Court of International Trade,US Tax Court，US Claims Court 6/18/202423法律英语法律英语Various specialized tribunalsUEach court of appeals has four or more judges who sit in panels of three to review district court decisions,as well as some decisions of administrative agencies.每个每个上诉法院上诉法院都有都有4个或更多法官个或更多法官，他，他们组成们组成3人小组，审议地区法院的裁决人小组，审议地区法院的裁决和行政机关的一些决定。和行政机关的一些决定。6/18/202424法律英语法律英语Each court of appeals has fourA losing litigant in the court of appeals may,in some cases,be able to obtain review by the United States Supreme Court.在在上诉法院上诉法院败诉的诉讼人败诉的诉讼人有时可以取有时可以取得得美国联邦最高法院美国联邦最高法院的复审。的复审。6/18/202425法律英语法律英语A losing litigant in the courtCases in the state courtsTrail courtU.S.Supreme CourtState appellateState supreme court 6/18/202426法律英语法律英语Cases in the state courtsTrailSince 1988,review by the Supreme Court in civil cases is discretionary;virtually all civil appeals as of right to the highest court have been abolished.从从19881988年开始，最高法院对民事案件年开始，最高法院对民事案件的复审有的复审有决定权决定权；实际上，；实际上，所有民事所有民事案件都作为权利案件都作为权利而上诉到最高法院的而上诉到最高法院的作法已经被废除了。作法已经被废除了。6/18/202427法律英语法律英语Since 1988,review by the SuprThe highest court play different roleCaliforniaOnly criminal cases in which capital punishment has been imposed are appealable to the state supreme.New yorkA great of many cases are appealable to the states highest court.6/18/202428法律英语法律英语The highest court play differeIn the federal courts,except in a few very limited circumstances,appeals to the United States Supreme Court are discretionary,by writ of certiorari.在在联邦法院联邦法院，除了极个别情况外，除了极个别情况外，通通过调案复审令，过调案复审令，向美国最高法院的上向美国最高法院的上诉是自由决定的。诉是自由决定的。6/18/202429法律英语法律英语In the federal courts,except The court 联邦最高法院联邦最高法院Decides what are the most important questions that deserve its attention.哪些是哪些是值得其关注值得其关注的最重要的问题。的最重要的问题。Will refuse to review decisions raising issues that it feels are not as crucial.将将拒绝复审拒绝复审它认为它认为不是至关重要问题不是至关重要问题的裁决。的裁决。6/18/202430法律英语法律英语The court 联邦最高法院Decides what It supervises the administration of law by the lower courts on an ad hoc basis.联邦最高法院按照联邦最高法院按照特殊的原则特殊的原则监督较监督较低层次法院对法律的管理。低层次法院对法律的管理。6/18/202431法律英语法律英语It supervises the administratiIn New YorkAppeals to the states highest courtare as right in a great many cases provided for by statute.在纽约等州，将各种案件上诉到在纽约等州，将各种案件上诉到州最州最高法院高法院是是法律赋予法律赋予的权利。的权利。Assure that cases are correctly decided 6/18/202432法律英语法律英语In New YorkAppeals to the statPart 2:Judges州法院的法官一般是民选的但有时候也有立法机关选举的。在少数州州法院的法官一般是民选的但有时候也有立法机关选举的。在少数州内，州长根据一个特别委员会的提名委员会提出的名单任命法官。在内，州长根据一个特别委员会的提名委员会提出的名单任命法官。在少数州内，法官由州长任命，但必须经过立法机关确认。联邦法官，少数州内，法官由州长任命，但必须经过立法机关确认。联邦法官，由总统任命，须经参议院确认，通常候选人名单应送交美国律师公会由总统任命，须经参议院确认，通常候选人名单应送交美国律师公会的一个委员会，通常只有该委员会同意后才进行任命的。法官任期一的一个委员会，通常只有该委员会同意后才进行任命的。法官任期一般是若干年，而不是终身制，在少数州和所有的联邦法院，法官是终般是若干年，而不是终身制，在少数州和所有的联邦法院，法官是终身职的。身职的。State court judge are usually elected,commonly by popular vote,but occasionally by legislation.in a substantial minority of states,the governor appoints judges from a list submitted by a special nominating board,in a small group of states,judges are appointed by the governor subject to legislative confirmation.The federal judges are appointed by president subject to confirmation by the senate.But the names of candidates for the federal judiciary are submitted to the committee of American bar association and the appointment is usally made only with its approval.the judges only serve a term of the year rather than for life.If his service is satisfactory,it is customary to return to office as sitting judge.in a few state courts and in the federal court the judges sit for life.6/18/202433法律英语法律英语Part 2:Judges州法院的法官一般是民选的但有时候也美国的法官，除属于某些低级法院者除外。均由律师队伍中选，在英国，法官则由称美国的法官，除属于某些低级法院者除外。均由律师队伍中选，在英国，法官则由称作是王室律师的巴律师尖子中选。作是王室律师的巴律师尖子中选。英美法系国家的法官和律师之间，由于经历相似，大家有某种同行友谊和互相同情的英美法系国家的法官和律师之间，由于经历相似，大家有某种同行友谊和互相同情的感觉，对律师辩论，审判长是能谅解的，因为过去也许他自己也用过这些论点。那些感觉，对律师辩论，审判长是能谅解的，因为过去也许他自己也用过这些论点。那些辩护律师也能体会法官的品格，因为他们也许过去曾一起为同一方当事人或在同一起辩护律师也能体会法官的品格，因为他们也许过去曾一起为同一方当事人或在同一起案件分别为对方当事人当过律师。英美法系的法官比起他们大陆同行来，威信更高，案件分别为对方当事人当过律师。英美法系的法官比起他们大陆同行来，威信更高，其部分原因在于一般都觉得在英美法系中只有比较优秀的律师才能当上法官。其部分原因在于一般都觉得在英美法系中只有比较优秀的律师才能当上法官。Judeges in us,with exceptions in some minor judiciary,are selected from the rank of lawyers.In England they are chosen from the select group of barristers know as queens counsel.(国王（女）的律师通译王室法律顾问，仅系国王（女）的律师通译王室法律顾问，仅系授予的荣誉称号，不替国王当什么顾问，有此称号的律师非经特别许可证不得经办以授予的荣誉称号，不替国王当什么顾问，有此称号的律师非经特别许可证不得经办以国王为对手的案件。此律师可以出庭时在法栏内辩护（国王为对手的案件。此律师可以出庭时在法栏内辩护（BAR），而一般的巴律师只能），而一般的巴律师只能在法栏外辩护。在法栏外辩护。Similar backgrounds and experience provide a cetain feeling of fellowship and mutual sympathy between the common-law bench and the bar.The presiding-judge can view the arguments of counsel with understanding,for he may used them himself in prior day.The contending cousel can appreciate the qualities of the judge,for they may have practiced with him or against him at the past.The prestige of the english and american judiciary is greater than that of their civil-law counterparts,partly because of the general feeling that only the better lawyers get judicial posts.6/18/202434法律英语法律英语美国的法官，除属于某些低级法院者除外。均由律师队伍中选，在英Part 2:JudgesFewer than 1/20-federal,state,county,municipal court judge在从事法律职业的人中，在从事法律职业的人中，不到不到1/20的的人人担任联邦、州、县和市法院的法官。担任联邦、州、县和市法院的法官。Be required to be admitted to practice but do not practice while on the bench.被要求具有被要求具有开业律师资格开业律师资格，但，但在担任在担任法官期间法官期间不得开业。不得开业。6/18/202435法律英语法律英语Part 2:JudgesFewer than 1/20-Three salient characteristicsThe ranks from which judges are drawn提拔法官的队伍提拔法官的队伍The method of their selection挑选法官的方法挑选法官的方法Their tenure法官的任期法官的任期 6/18/202436法律英语法律英语Three salient characteristicsTJudges are drawn from the practicing bar,less frequently from government service or the teaching profession.法官主要从法官主要从执业律师执业律师中选拔，很少从中选拔，很少从政府公务员或教师中选拔。政府公务员或教师中选拔。career judiciary 职业法官职业法官prescribed route 规定途径规定途径apprenticeship 学徒经历学徒经历service 服务服务NO 6/18/202437法律英语法律英语Judges are drawn from the pracThe outstanding young law graduates who act for a year or two as law clerks to the most distinguished judges of the federal and state courts have only the reward of the experience to take with them into practice and not the promise of a judicial career.那些杰出的年轻那些杰出的年轻法学毕业生法学毕业生，作为为联邦，作为为联邦和州法院最著名的法官工作了一两年的和州法院最著名的法官工作了一两年的法法律职员律职员，只是获得了，只是获得了实践经验的报偿实践经验的报偿，而，而没有得到从事没有得到从事司法职业司法职业的承诺。的承诺。6/18/202438法律英语法律英语The outstanding young law gradIt is not uncommon for a vacancy on a higher court to be filled by a judge from a lower court,even this cannot be said to be the rule.较高级别法院的空缺由较低级别法院较高级别法院的空缺由较低级别法院的法官来填补，的法官来填补，在美国并非罕见，但在美国并非罕见，但这并不是惯例。这并不是惯例。6/18/202439法律英语法律英语It is not uncommon for a vacanThe legal profession is not entirely unaware of the advantages of a career judiciary,but it is generally thought that they are outweighed by the experience and independence which American lawyers bring to the bench.法律界并非没有意识到法律界并非没有意识到职业法官的优职业法官的优势势，但人们普遍认为，职业法官的优，但人们普遍认为，职业法官的优势势被过高地估计被过高地估计，相对于美国律师带，相对于美国律师带给法律界的经验和独立性而言。给法律界的经验和独立性而言。6/18/202440法律英语法律英语The legal profession is not enMany of the outstanding judges of the countrys highest courts have had no prior judicial experience.美国最高法院中有许多杰出的法官美国最高法院中有许多杰出的法官没没有以前当法官的经历有以前当法官的经历。6/18/202441法律英语法律英语Many of the outstanding judgesState courtState court judges are usually elected,commonly by popular vote,but occasionally by the legislature.州法院法官一般由州法院法官一般由公众投票公众投票选举产生，偶尔由选举产生，偶尔由立法机关立法机关任命。任命。The public lacks interest in and information on the candidates for judicial office 公众缺乏对法官候选人的公众缺乏对法官候选人的兴趣和信息兴趣和信息The outcome is controlled by leaders of political parties.结果往往被结果往往被政党领袖政党领袖所控制。所控制。6/18/202442法律英语法律英语State courtState court judges 情况有所改变情况有所改变Many local bar association have undertaken to evaluate the qualification of candidates and to support or oppose them on this basis.许多许多地方律师协会地方律师协会承担评价候选人资承担评价候选人资格的责任，并在此基础上格的责任，并在此基础上支持或反对支持或反对候选人。候选人。6/18/202443法律英语法律英语情况有所改变Many local bar associatiThe substitution of a systemThe governor appoints judges from a list submitted by a special nominating board 由地方长官从由地方长官从特别提名委员会特别提名委员会提交的名提交的名单中单中任命任命法官。法官。The judge then periodically stands unopposed for reelection by popular vote on the basis of his or her record.此后法官要定期以自己的实绩为基础，此后法官要定期以自己的实绩为基础，接受接受没有竞争对手没有竞争对手的的公民投票选举，公民投票选举，以以获得连任获得连任。6/18/202444法律英语法律英语The substitution of a systemThIn a small group of statesJudges are appointed by the governor and subject to legislative confirmation.在少数州，法官在少数州，法官由地方由地方长官任命官任命，并由并由立法机关批准立法机关批准。6/18/202445法律英语法律英语In a small group of statesJudgFederal judgesAppointed by the President subject to confirmation by the Senate.由由总统总统任命，任命，参议院参议院批准。批准。Political influence 政治影响政治影响Appointees are usually of the Presidents or governors own party.被任命者被任命者往往是总统或地方长官的亲信。往往是总统或地方长官的亲信。6/18/202446法律英语法律英语Federal judgesAppointed by theFederal judiciaryNames of candidates for the federal judiciary are submitted to a committee of the American Bar Association and appointment is usually made only with its approval.联邦法官联邦法官候选人名单要提交到候选人名单要提交到美国律师美国律师协会协会委员会，只有委员会，只有获得其同意获得其同意才能进行才能进行任命。任命。6/18/202447法律英语法律英语Federal judiciaryNames of candChief judge or chief justiceBe filled among the members of the court by rotation,by seniority of service,or by vote of the judges.首席法官从法官中产生，可以首席法官从法官中产生，可以通过轮通过轮换换、依据服务资历依据服务资历或或法官选举法官选举产生。产生。6/18/202448法律英语法律英语Chief judge or chief justiceBeTenure 任期任期Judges commonly serve for a term of years rather than for life.法官通常有法官通常有任期年限任期年限，而不是，而不是终身制终身制。一般法院一般法院4、6、8年年上诉法院上诉法院6、8、10年年 6/18/202449法律英语法律英语Tenure 任期Judges commonly serReturn to office for sitting judges whose service has been satisfactory.那些工作令人满意的那些工作令人满意的现任法官现任法官能能连任连任In a few state and federal courts,the judges sit for life.在少数州和联邦法院，法官是在少数州和联邦法院，法官是终身制的。终身制的。6/18/202450法律英语法律英语Return to office for sitting A judge may be removed from office 法官可能被免职法官可能被免职Only for gross misconduct 重大失误重大失误Only by formal proceedings 正规程序正规程序 6/18/202451法律英语法律英语A judge may be removed from oThe independence of the judiciary is also encouraged by the rule that a judge incurs no civil liability for judicial acts,even if guilty of fraud and corruption.司法独立司法独立受到以下规则的鼓励，即法受到以下规则的鼓励，即法官的官的司法行为司法行为不承担民事责任不承担民事责任，即使，即使出现了诈骗和贪污犯罪。出现了诈骗和贪污犯罪。6/18/202452法律英语法律英语The independence of the judiciThe American Bar Associations code of Judicial Conduct美国律师协会的美国律师协会的“法官行为守则法官行为守则”Standard To which judges are expected to adhere律师应该遵守的准则律师应该遵守的准则 6/18/202453法律英语法律英语The American Bar AssociationsCode of Judicial Conduct1.A judge shall uphold the integrity and independence of the judiciary.2.A judge shall avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety in all of the judges activities.3.A judge shall perform the duties of judicial office impartially and diligently.6/18/202454法律英语法律英语Code of Judicial Conduct1.A j4.A judge shall so conduct the judges extra-judicial activities as to minimize the risk of conflict with judicial obligations.5.A judge or judicial candidate shall refrain from inappropriate political activity.6.Application of the Code of Judicial Conduct.6/18/202455法律英语法律英语4.A judge shall so conduct thCode of professional responsibilityCanon 1:a lawyer should assist in maitaining the integrity and compentence of legal profession.Canon 2:a lawyer should assist the legal profession in fulfilling the duty to make legal counsel avalable.Canon 3:a lawyer should assist in preventing the unauthorized practice of law.6/18/202456法律英语法律英语Code of professional responsibCanon 4:a lawyer should preserve the confidences and secrets of a client.Canon 5:a lawyer should exercise independent professional judgement on behalf of a client.Canon 6:a lawyer should represent a client compentenly.6/18/202457法律英语法律英语Canon 4:a lawyer should preseCanon 7:a lawyer should represent a client zealously within the bonds of law.Canon 8:a lawyer should assist in improving legal system.Canon 9:a lawyer should avoid even the appearance of professional impropriety.6/18/202458法律英语法律英语Canon 7:a lawyer should repre律师应帮助维护律师界的正直廉洁和业务能力律师应帮助维护律师界的正直廉洁和业务能力.律师应帮助律师界履行其提供法律顾问义务律师应帮助律师界履行其提供法律顾问义务.律师应帮助防止非法开业律师应帮助防止非法开业.律师应为当事人保密律师应为当事人保密律师应为当事人行使独立专业判断律师应为当事人行使独立专业判断.律师应称职担任当事人的代理律师应称职担任当事人的代理.律师应在法律范围内热忱为当事人代理律师应在法律范围内热忱为当事人代理.律师应帮助改进法律制度律师应帮助改进法律制度.律师甚至应避免其业务工作之瑕疵于未然律师甚至应避免其业务工作之瑕疵于未然.6/18/202459法律英语法律英语律师应帮助维护律师界的正直廉洁和业务能力.8/10/20Salaries are goodPrestige is highThe bench has been able to attract many of the countrys ablest legal minds 6/18/202460法律英语法律英语Salaries are goodPrestige is h专业词汇专业词汇The supreme CourtCourts of AppealsDistrict CourtsSpecial courtsThree-tiered modelTrail Court,Circuit CourtAppellate Court,Court of AppealsSupreme CourtThe Court of ClaimsThe Customs Court 6/18/202461法律英语法律英语专业词汇The supreme CourtTrail Coujusticejudgejustice of the peacemagistrateChief JusticeAssociate JusticeCircuit JudgeAssociate Judge 6/18/202462法律英语法律英语justiceChief JusticeCircuit JuLitigantThe U.S.Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuitspecialized federal tribunalscapital punishmentwrit of certiorari 6/18/202463法律英语法律英语Litigant8/10/202363法律英语on the benchcareer judiciarypopular votePresidentSenategross misconductThe American Bar Associations code of Judicial Conduct 6/18/202464法律英语法律英语on the bench8/10/202364法律英语Exercises1.Questions about the text2.Dictation3.Discussion 6/18/202465法律英语法律英语Exercises1.Questions about th