英语句子成分课件

句子成分句子成分句子成分1英语句子成分课件2主语（主语（subject）:动作发出者。一般位于句首动作发出者。一般位于句首The sun rises in the east.（名词）（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词数词)Seeing is believing.（动名词）（动名词）主语（subject）:动作发出者。一般位于句首The3To see is to believe.（不定式）（不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.形式主语形式主语真正主语真正主语It=that the elephant is round and tall like a treeToseeistobelieve.形式主语真4The rich should help the poor.名词化的形容词名词化的形容词Therichshouldhelpthepoor.51.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主语！不能做主语！1.Doexerciseisgoodforyour6指出下列句中主语的中心词指出下列句中主语的中心词Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.介介词不能作主不能作主语Thereisanoldmancominghere.There is an apple on the table.An apple is there on the table.指出下列句中主语的中心词Theteacherwit7Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.Theusefuldictionarywasgi8找出下面句子的主语找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主语小测主语小测找出下面句子的主语主语小测9单选：单选：1.Marywithhertwodaughters_goingtoShanghaiforExplo 2010 nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2._moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3._isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They单选：10英语句子成分课件11谓语（谓语（predicate）:动作本身。常用动词或者动作本身。常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。Iloveyou!Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.谓语（predicate）:动作本身。常用动词或者动词词组12Theplanetookoffat10oclock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidntyoucomebacklastnight?简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成Theplanetookoffat10oclo13Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcough.Wearesudents.Thatideasoundsgreat!复合谓语：复合谓语：1.情态动词情态动词助动词助动词+v 2.系动词系动词+adj.Youmaykeepthebookfortwo14Open the door,please!Go and get some water for me.Dont laugh at others!Dont come back late tonight.祈使句：祈使句：1.省略主语省略主语you2.谓语动词用原形谓语动词用原形Openthedoor,please!15找出下列句子的谓语找出下列句子的谓语Idontlikethepictureonthewall.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?找出下列句子的谓语Idontlikethepi16Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.Wehadbettersendforadoctor.Heisinterestedinmusic.Whomdidyougivemybookto?11.Putawayyourbooksrightnow!Tomdidntdohishomeworky17按要求找出下列句子的主谓：按要求找出下列句子的主谓：1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主谓）（主谓）2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（谓）（谓）3.Dontgetnervous，andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike（主谓）（主谓）4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主谓）（主谓）5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）（主）6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主谓）（主谓）主谓小测主谓小测祈使句祈使句,省略主语省略主语you按要求找出下列句子的主谓：主谓小测祈使句,省略主语you181.Itisdifficultforme_somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finishB.finishingC.tofinishD.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends_toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone单选：单选：Itsadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是做某事对某人来说是的的形式主语形式主语真正的主语真正的主语 to finish1.Itisdifficultforme_193._upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4._upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句，谓语动词用原形祈使句，谓语动词用原形动名词做主语动名词做主语感官动词感官动词+adj.3._upearly,oryouwillmis20英语句子成分课件21宾语：动作的承受者宾语：动作的承受者。IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?WeneedtwoWeshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.IenjoyworkingwithyouIhopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?宾语：动作的承受者。IlikeChina.22Heisafraidofher-hisheadteacher.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.介介词后面的后面的宾语：介介宾注意：人称代注意：人称代词要用要用宾格格Idecidedtogowith_.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.sheHeisafraidofher-hisheadt23Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.间接接宾语(sb)+直接直接宾语(sth)：双双宾Hegavemeabookyesterday.24IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.形式宾语形式宾语真正宾语真正宾语Ithinkithardtofinishthis25Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?找出下列句子的宾语找出下列句子的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehish265.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.9.Theythinkitimpossibletogettothestationinsuchashorttime.5.Someofthestudentsinthe27句子成分句子成分句子成分28定语定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknowbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleeping pills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句Heisa29 状语状语状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等 nIwillbebackin a while.nTheyareplayingon the playground.nHewaslatebecause he got up late.nHegotupsolatethat I missed the train.Iwaitedto see you.Heoftenwenttoschoolby bus.Hisparentsdied,leaving him an orphan.Pleasecallmeif it is necessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolin spite of his illness.状语状语：309 9种状语种类：种状语种类：1.How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain.4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）9种状语种类：1.Howaboutmeetinga316.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.7.In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.8.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.9.She works very hard though she is old.10.I am taller than he is.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）6.Shecameinwithadictiona32SeniorEnglishGradeThreeoftheSeniorHighDepartmentintheFourthMiddleSchoolofWanyuanDesignedbyJudyThePredicative表表语语SeniorEnglishThePredicative33Lyneisanexcellentstudent表语主语连系动词Lyneisanexcellentstudent表34.Definition（定义）（定义）表语表语:说明说明主语的身份主语的身份、性质性质、品性品性、特征特征和和状态状态表语表语:由由名词名词、动名词动名词、代词代词、数词数词、分词分词、副词副词、介词短语介词短语、形容词形容词、不定式不定式和和从句从句充当充当.Definition（定义）35Eg.（例子例子）Thepersonstoodinfrontofyoujustnowismyheadmaster.Ididntknowthatitwasyouatthattime.Thedoorremainedclosed.Marysdailyjobiscleaningthehouse.名词做表语名词做表语代词做表语代词做表语动词过去分词做表语动词过去分词做表语动名词做表语动名词做表语Eg.（例子）名词做表语代词做表语动词过去分词做表语36Thehouseisnotonlylargebutalsobeautiful.WhenIwenttoyourhouse,youwereout.Noonewasinthedorm,whenshearrived.MyjobistoteachyouEnglish.Thereasonwhyhecamelatewasthathisclockdidntwork.介词短语做表语介词短语做表语副词做表语副词做表语形容词做表语形容词做表语不定式做表语不定式做表语从句做表语从句做表语Thehouseisnotonlylargebu37.Position(位置位置)表语位于表语位于系动词系动词（be等词）后，构成主等词）后，构成主-系系-表表结构结构(Subject-Predicativestructure).Position(位置)38 表语表语系动词系动词后的部分是表语后的部分是表语1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im not quite myself today.5.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease.表语系动词后的部分是表语39系动词系动词1）状态系动词状态系动词（be动词）动词）He is a teacher.（is 与表语一起说明主语的身份）与表语一起说明主语的身份）2）持续系动词持续系动词 keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand He always kept silent at meeting.3）表像系动词表像系动词 seem,appear,look,He looks tired.系动词1）状态系动词（be动词）404）感官系动词感官系动词 feel,smell,sound,taste This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软这种布手感很软注意：系动词没有被动语态注意：系动词没有被动语态5）变化系动词变化系动词 become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.He became mad after that.6）终止系动词终止系动词 prove,turn out,表达表达“证实证实”，“变成变成”之意之意 The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假这谣言证实有假4）感官系动词41.LinkingVerbs(连系动词连系动词)除了除了be，连系动词有：，连系动词有：look,smell,taste,sound,feel,fall,come,go（变成（变成）,become,grow（渐（渐渐地变化）渐地变化）,turn(变成，一般用于颜色变成，一般用于颜色),appear,seem,get,keep,remain,stay.LinkingVerbs(连系动词)42.Notes1.代词做表语，用代词的宾格形式代词做表语，用代词的宾格形式2.选择时，区分该用动词选择时，区分该用动词-ed、动词、动词-ing，还是动词的，还是动词的不定不定式做表语：主语是动作的发出者，且动作在持续进行时，式做表语：主语是动作的发出者，且动作在持续进行时，用动词用动词-ing；主语是承受者时，用动词；主语是承受者时，用动词-ed；当动作是主；当动作是主语要做的，用不定式语要做的，用不定式Eg.Sheremainedthereforanhour,whichsurprisedeveryone.A.to stand B.stand C.stood D.standing D.NotesD43Exercises1.Who is knocking at the door？Its _.A.I B.this C.me D.my 2.He is an old man who looks _.A.health B.friendly C.friend D.pleasantly3.They got so _ at the good news that they burst into cheers.A.excite B.exciting C.excitedly D.excited CBDExercisesCBD444.It is believed that if a book is _,it will surely _the readers.A.interested;interest B.interesting;be interested C.interested;be interesting D.interesting;interest 5.Go and get your coat.Its _ you left it.A.where there B.there where C.there D.where 6.He walked up to the bed,in front of which _two strange cases.A.was B.were C.are D.had been DDB4.Itisbelievedthatifabo45英语句子成分课件46补语补语：补充说明的作用：补充说明的作用补语构成：名词补语构成：名词,代词代词,数词数词,名词从句名词从句,形容词形容词,过去过去 分词分词,-ing 形式形式,不定式不定式,介词短语介词短语v主语补语主语补语Tom was made monitorv宾语补语宾语补语I made Tom monitorv表语补语表语补语I am sure to succeed47补语：补充说明的作用补语构成：名词,代词,数词,名47主语补足语：主语补足语：补充说明补充说明句子主语的含义句子主语的含义 It is said that she is from New Zealand=She is said to be from New Zealand It is said/believed/thought that 可转化为不定式作主语补语：可转化为不定式作主语补语：sb./sth.is said/believed/thought to do sth主语补足语：补充说明句子主语的含义Itissaidt48形容词：可单独作主语的补语形容词：可单独作主语的补语Tired and sleepy,I went to bed.You stand up,very nervous.Thirsty,hungry and cold,the girl sells matchesThe goat rolled over,dead.形容词：可单独作主语的补语49Jimmy was elected monitor by us.We elected Jimmy monitor.被动语态中的主语补语，可转化为主动语态中的宾语补语被动语态中的主语补语，可转化为主动语态中的宾语补语Jimmywaselectedmonitorbyu50宾语补足语：补充说明句子宾语的含义宾语补足语：补充说明句子宾语的含义形容词作宾语补足语：形容词作宾语补足语：Her smile makes us happyYou should make the door open宾语补足语：补充说明句子宾语的含义形容词作宾语补足语：51Iaskmysistertobuysomefoodforme.MyfatherdidnotallowmetowatchTV.Isawanoldmancrossthestreet.宾语与宾补在逻辑上是主谓关系宾语与宾补在逻辑上是主谓关系不定式作宾补不定式作宾补Iaskmysistertobuysomefo52SheconsidershimtobeherMr.right.ThefatherforcedJacktoeattoomuch.有些动词后面的宾补有些动词后面的宾补,常用不定式常用不定式:ask,tell,order,beg,permit,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,get,invite,want,wish,believe,consider,prove,suppose,encourageSheconsidershimtobeherMr53 宾语补足语省略宾语补足语省略“to”Inoticedhimstudyhard.Sarahfeltyoucheather.Thebosshadhimworkdayandnight.感官动词：感官动词：see,lookat,watch,notice,observe-“五看五看”let,have,make “三使三使”hear,listento-“二听二听”feel“一感觉一感觉”宾语补足语省略“54Ifindher(to)drinkeverynight.Hehelpshislittlebrother(to)study.find,help 的宾语补足语可省略的宾语补足语可省略“to”Ifindher(to)drinkeveryni55Hewasheardtotellafantasticstory.Thedriverwasmadetoparkhiscar.Thethiefwasfoundtorunaway.省略省略“to”的不定式作宾语补足语的不定式作宾语补足语,在被动语态中要还原在被动语态中要还原“to”Hewasheardtotellafantast56现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补Ifeltthehouseshakingallday.Youhadkeptmewaitinghereforlongtime.Canyouhearsomeonesinging?Heavyburdenkeepsstudentworkinghard.Thepolicecaughthimstealing.现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补,表示动作正在发生表示动作正在发生现在分词作宾补Ifeltthehouseshakin57过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补Iamgladtoseethechildwelltakencareof.Couldyoupleasemakeyourselfknowntous?Hefoundhimselfinspiredbyhisspirit.过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补,表示动作被执行表示动作被执行过去分词作宾补Iamgladtoseethech58WhenIreturnedthere,Ifoundthebaggone.Whenhewokeup,hefoundtheoutsideworldcompletelychanged.过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补,表示动作已完成表示动作已完成WhenIreturnedthere,Ifound59IheardthesongsunginEnglish.Hesawhiswalletstolen.Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.Dontleavethosethingsundone.IheardthesongsunginEngli60With+宾语宾语+宾补：该结构宾补：该结构常在句中作时间、方式、常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语条件、原因等状语Withsomanythingstodo,weshouldhurryup.Withitsmothersinging,thebabyslept.Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.With+宾语+宾补：该结构常在句中作时间、方式、条61试述区别试述区别:Mymotherhadmelookaftermylittlesister.Mymotherhadmelookingaftermylittlesister.Mymotherhadmylittlesisterlookedafterbyme.Ihavealittlesistertolookafter.试述区别:62Isawagirltreatingtheguestswarmlyattheparty.IsawagirlwelltreatedbythatgentlemanatthepartyIsawagirlbeingtreatedattheparty.Ifoundmyroommatereadingbooks.Ifoundmyroommatehavingreadthreenovelsthismonth.Ifoundmywalletstolenjustnow.Isawagirltreatingthegues63同位语同位语对句子的某一成分作对句子的某一成分作解释、说明解释、说明，在语法上，在语法上和这一成分处于和这一成分处于同等同等地位的句子成分。地位的句子成分。1I,the youngest son in the family,am often taken good care of.同位语：同位语：_2The orphans daily necessitiesclothes,food,etc.are supplied by a kind-hearted teacher.同位语：同位语：_ theyoungestsoninthefamily clothes,food,etc.同位语theyoungestsoninthefa64语法精解语法精解1.同位语同位语theAppositive 同位语位于名词、代词后面同位语位于名词、代词后面.同位语同位语由名词、代词、名词性短语由名词、代词、名词性短语、从句充当从句充当语法精解1.同位语theAppositive65(1)名词名词Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.(2)代词代词Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.(3)数词数词Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.英语句子成分课件66(4)从句从句Hetoldmethenewsthattheplanehadexploded.(5)suchas,thatis引导引导Somesubjects,suchasmathsandphysics,areverydifficulttolearn.(4)从句67(6)of引导引导ThecityofBeijinghasbeengreatlychangedsince2000.(6)of引导68(7)or引导引导Thefreezingtemperature,orfreezingpoint,isthetemperatureatwhichwaterfreezesunderordinarypressure.结冰温度即冰点结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结冰时的温度是水在常压下结冰时的温度(7)or引导691.Myperformanceinthedrivingtestdidntreachtherequiredstandard,_,Ifailed.A.intheendB.afterallC.inotherwordsD.atthesametime二二.单项填空单项填空C1.Myperformanceinthedrivi70Dotheexercise分析下面句子成分分析下面句子成分Dotheexercise711.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语1.ImetmybestfriendTomat72Exercises:分析句子分析句子结构构1）Youareastudent.主主语表表语2）Hefelthappytoday.主主表表状（状（时间）Exercises:分析句子结构1）Youareast736）Helikespopmusic.7）Thesoundsoundsstrange.8）Thefoodtastesgood.9）Hegavemeabookyesterday.10）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.6）Helikespopmusic.74