英语基础知识梳理课件

词性的分类词性的分类词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分十个大类。1 名词n.student 学生 2 代词pron.you 你3 形容词adj.happy 高兴的 4 副词 adv.quickly 迅速地5 动词 v.cut 砍、割 6 数词 num.three 三7 冠词 art.a 一个 8 介词 prep.at 在.9 连词 conj.and 和 10 感叹词interj.oh 哦词性的分类词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分1句子成分句子是阅读和写作的基础，句子成分是句子的基本单位。英语的句子成分有八种：主语主语、谓语、表语、宾语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。句子成分句子是阅读和写作的基础，句子成分是句子的基本单位。主2句子成分详解表句子成分详解表句子成分句子成分意意义充当充当词类例句例句主主语表示句子表示句子说的是什么人或什么的是什么人或什么事事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，式，动名名词，短，短语或或句子句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语说明主明主语做什么，是什么或怎做什么，是什么或怎么么样动词或或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语表示表示动作行作行为的的对象象同主同主语Both of us like English.表表语与与联系系动词连用，一起构成用，一起构成谓语，说明主明主语的性的性质或特征或特征同主同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定定语用来修用来修饰名名词或代或代词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名,副，介副，介词短短语或句子或句子We have eight lessons every day.状状语修修饰动词，形容，形容词，副，副词，表，表示示动作作发生的生的时间，地点，原，地点，原因，目的，方式，因，目的，方式，结果等果等副副词，介，介词短短语或句或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语补足足语逻辑上与上与宾语是主是主谓关系关系形容形容词，名，名词，介，介词短短语等等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么3英语的句子成分：一）一）主语：主语：Walls have ears.He will take you to the hospital.Three plus four equals seven.To see is to believe.Smoking is not allowed in public places.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.二）谓语二）谓语由由_担任。担任。助动词或情态动词助动词或情态动词加其加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。Action speaks louder than words.He is a teacher.Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.实义动词实义动词/系动词系动词名词名词代词代词数词数词to do不定式不定式doing动名词动名词句子句子英语的句子成分：一）主语：实义动词/系动词名词代词数词t4（三）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在_之后。_词后也会跟宾语。1.She covered her face with her hands.2.We havent seen her for a long time.3.Do you mind opening the window?4.Give me four please.5.He wants to dream a nice dream.6.We need know what others are doing.动词动词/动词短语动词短语介词介词名词名词 n代词代词 pron动名词动名词数词数词to do不定式不定式句子句子（三）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在_51.My father is a professor.2.Whos that?Its me.3.Everything here is expensive.4.The story of my life may be of help to others.5.Three times five is fifteen.6.His plan is to seek work in the city.7.My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.8.She is out.9.My job is feeding animals.10.I feel excited.三）三）表语 它的位置在_之后。是用来说明主语的_,_,_的.系动词系动词性质性质特征特征状态状态名词名词 n代词代词 pron形容词形容词 adj介词短语介词短语数词数词to do不定式不定式句子句子副词副词 adv.动名词动名词分词分词My father is a professor.三）表语6（五）定语 是修饰_词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。1.They are woman workers.2.His father didnt write home until yesterday.3.Mary is a beautiful girl.4.The play has three acts.5.This is her first trip to Europe.6.an excited student 7.I have nothing to eat.8.Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.9.a swimming pool名名前前后后 名词名词代词代词形容词形容词 adj数词数词形容词形容词/序数词序数词/to do 不定式不定式过去分词过去分词 v-edto do 不定式不定式从句从句动名词动名词（五）定语 是修饰_词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名7六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。1.The best fish swim near the bottom.2.I left the village five years ago.3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam.4.Well send a car to fetch you.5.The fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only bones6.The students came into the classroom,singing and dancing.7.If he goes,so will I.8.Though he is a child,he knows a lot.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语目的状语目的状语结果状语结果状语伴随状语伴随状语条件状语条件状语让步状语让步状语六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步8七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。1.They elected me captain of the team.2.We try to make our country strong.3.We found everything in good order there.4.I should advise you to get the chance.5.I saw him going upstairs.6.They found the house broken in.名词名词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语to do 不定式不定式现在分词现在分词 doingdone 过去分词过去分词宾语和宾语补足语一起构成宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的动词的复合结构复合结构七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上9八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语1.I was elected captain of the team.2.Our country will be made strong.与宾语补足语一样与宾语补足语一样八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，10英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句(compound sentence)复合句复合句(complex sentence)英语句子的种类简单句 (simple sentence)并11简单句简单句的五种的五种基本基本句型句型He laughed.主语主语+谓语（谓语（vi.）I like Chinese food.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语The weather is very cold.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语She taught them physics.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语We must keep the room warm.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 简单句的五种基本句型He laughed.12并列句并列句 把两个或几个简单句用把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接起来。连接起来。I turned on the TV.My sister and I watched it.I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it.I bought my sister a present.She didnt like it.I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.并列句并列句并列句并列句常用并列连词常用并列连词:v平行平行并列连词并列连词:v转折转折并列连词：并列连词：v因果因果并列连词并列连词:v选择选择并列连词并列连词:and,bothand,not only but also,neithernorbut,however,while,yet,or,eitherorfor,so并列句 I turned on the TV.13复合句复合句:主句主句+从句从句名词名词性从句性从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句复合句:主句+从句名词性从句主语从句14