十七世纪英国文学史ppt课件

Lecture 3 The Seventeenth CenturyLecturer:Li EnqingLecture3TheSeventeenthCenI.Social BackgroundThe 17th century was one of the most tempestuous动荡的的 periods in English history.Conflicts and clashes appeared between the King and the Parliament,which represented the bourgeois class.In 1642,a civil war(English revolution)broke out between Charles I and the parliament.At last,the royalists were defeated by the parliament army led by Oliver Cromwell.In 1649 Charles I was beheaded,and England was declared to be a commonwealth.After the death of Cromwell,the parliament recalled Charlesto England in 1660 and monarchy was restored,then followed the Restoration Period.In 1688,the bourgeoisie invite William,prince of Orange;form Holland to be king of England.This is called the“Glorious Revolution”.This bloodless event completed the bourgeoisie revolution and modern England was firmly established.I.SocialBackgroundThe17thcReigns in the 17th CenturyTimeRulerNotes1625-1649CharlesIThe2ndsonofJamesI,beheadedin16491649-1658O.Cromwell ProtectoroftheCommonwealth/King1658-1660R.CromwellOverthrownbythepeople,andCharlesIIreturned.1660-1685CharlesII2ndsonofCharlesI1685-1688JamesIIBrotherofCharlesII,dethronedaftertheGloriousRevolution1688-1702MaryII&WilliamIII1stdaughterofJamesIIWilliamofOrange,HollandReignsinthe17thCenturyTimII.The English Revolution and PuritanismThe English revolution was carried out under a religious cloak.So,English revolution also called the Puritan revolution清教革命清教革命.The Puritan Movement aimed to make man honest and to make man free.Puritanism was the religious doctrine of the revolutionary bourgeoisie during this period.It preached thrift勤勤俭,sobriety节制制,hard work,but with very little extravagant enjoyment of the fruits of labor.Worldly pleasures were condemned as harmful.So in the triumph of Puritanism under Cromwell,severe laws were passed,many simple pleasures were forbidden and an austere standard of living was forced upon an unwilling people.The London theaters were closed in 1642.The whole spirit of the movement:fighting for liberty and justice，overthrowing despotism暴政暴政 and making mens life and property safe from the tyranny专制制 of rulers.II.TheEnglishRevolutionandIII.Literature of the 17th century1.PoetryMetaphysical PoetsCavalier PoetsJohn Milton2.Prose John Bunyan Other prose-writers 3.DramaRestoration Drama John Dryden(1631-1700)III.Literatureofthe17thce1.1 The Metaphysical poetry玄学派玄学派诗歌歌The term is commonly used to name the work of the 17th writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.Representatives:John Donne(1572-1631)George Herbert(1593-1633)is the saint of the Metaphysical School(玄学派玄学派诗圣圣).His chief work is a collection called The Temple神殿神殿,which includes his 160 short poems.1.1TheMetaphysicalpoetry玄学Features of Metaphysical poetryThe general features of the school are:1)the diction is simple and echoes the words and cadences节奏奏 of common speech;2)the imagery is drawn from the actual life yet subtle,the extended metaphors for such images are typically called“metaphysical conceits”;3)the form is frequently that of an argument with the poets beloved,with God,or with himself.FeaturesofMetaphysicalpoetrConceitConceit(奇奇喻):an extended metaphor with a complex logic that governs a poetic passage or entire poem.By juxtaposing,usurping and manipulating images and ideas in surprising ways,a conceit invites the reader into a more sophisticated understanding of an object of comparison.ConceitConceit(奇喻):anextendeJohn Donne(1573-1631)John Donne(1573-1631)is the founder of the Metaphysical School.Donne is famous for his frankness,penetrating realism and cynicism.He emphasizes his thought by fantastic metaphors and extravagant hyperboles.In subject,his poems show a seemingly unfocused diversity of experience and attitudes,and a free range of feelings and moods.The most striking feature of his poetry is its concern of reality,in the sense that it seems to reflect life in a real rather than a poetical world.Donne frequently applies conceits,and his poetry involves a kind of argument with the brief and simple language.JohnDonne(1573-1631)JohnDonJohn Donne(1573-1631)John Donnes masterpiece is Songs and Sonnets歌曲与歌曲与十四行十四行诗,among which The Sun Rising and The Flea are the two most famous poems.Me it sucked first,and now sucks thee,And in this flea our two bloods mingled be;Thou knowst that this cannot be saidA sin,or shame,or loss of maidenhead,.Oh stay,for three lives in one flea spare,Where we almost,nay more than married,are.This flea is you and I,and thisOur marriage bed and marriage temple is;（From The Flea）JohnDonne(1573-1631)JohnDoA VALEDICTION OF WEEPING LETmepourforthMytearsbeforethyface,whilstIstayhere,Forthyfacecoinsthem,andthystamptheybear,Andbythismintagetheyaresomethingworth.ForthustheybePregnantofthee;Fruitsofmuchgrieftheyare,emblemsofmore;Whenatearfalls,thatthoufallstwhichitbore;SothouandIarenothingthen,whenonadiversshore.我在我在这里里时，让我把泪水洒在你的面前；我把泪水洒在你的面前；你的你的脸把泪水把泪水铸成成钱，打上了印，打上了印记，经过这番番铸造，泪水就成了有价造，泪水就成了有价值的的东西，西，因因为泪水泪水这样 怀着你的模着你的模样；泪水是泪水是许多悲哀的果多悲哀的果实，更多的象征，更多的象征 当一滴泪滴下那个你也掉落在其中当一滴泪滴下那个你也掉落在其中 于是你和我都是虚无，在不同的海岸上小停。于是你和我都是虚无，在不同的海岸上小停。AVALEDICTIONOFWEEPINGA VALEDICTION:FORBIDDING MOURNINGAsvirtuousmenpassmildlyaway,正如有德行的人安详别逝Andwhispertotheirsouls,togo,轻声向灵魂辞安Whilstsomeoftheirsadfriendsdosay,悲伤的友人或伤逝“Thebreathgoesnow,”andsomesay,“No:”叹其气，绝其魂，亦有说不然Soletusmelt,andmakenonoise,就让我们轻声说话，不要喧哗，Notear-floods,norsigh-tempestsmove;不要泪涌如潮，不要凄声哀鸣；Twereprofanationofourjoys那是对我们欢乐的亵渎，Totellthelaityourlove.让俗人知道我们的爱。Movingofthearthbringsharmsandfears;地动带来伤害，叫人害怕，Menreckonwhatitdid,andmeant;人们推其为断其意Buttrepidationofthespheres,天体震动，虽然威力更大Thoughgreaterfar,isinnocent.却对什么都没有损伤。Dullsublunaryloverslove乏味的凡情俗爱(Whosesoulissense)cannotadmit（感官为上）最忌Absence,becauseitdothremove别离，因为情人分开，Thosethingswhichelementedit.爱的根基就会破碎支离。AVALEDICTION:FORBIDDINGMOURButwebyalovesomuchrefind,但我们的爱纯净无比，Thatourselvesknownotwhatitis,我们自己也不知那是什么东西，Inter-assuredofthemind,打心里头相互信任Careless,eyes,lips,andhandstomiss.不在乎肉体分离。Ourtwosoulstherefore,whichareone,因而，我俩灵魂合一，ThoughImustgo,endurenotyet我纵须远离，不违爱诺，Abreach,butanexpansion,而是一种延展，Likegoldtoairythinnessbeat.宛如黄金锻展成轻飘韧箔。Iftheybetwo,theyaretwoso若说是二为二体，应如Asstifftwincompassesaretwo;绷直双脚的圆规般；Thysoul,thefixdfoot,makesnoshow你的心灵是一只脚，固定不移，Tomove,butdoth,iftheotherdo.但另一只脚移动，你便随之转动。ButwebyalovesomuchrefinAndthoughitinthecentersit,虽然一只脚坐镇中心，Yetwhentheotherfardothroam,但当另一只脚在外游离，Itleansandharkensafterit,它就侧过身去倾听，Andgrowserectasthatcomeshome.当那只脚回到家，它又把腰杆直起。wiltthoubetome,whomust,这就是你和我的关系，我必须，Likethotherfoot,obliquelyrun;像另一只脚，斜走侧踮，Thyfirmnessmakesmycirclejust,你的坚定能使我的圆圈圆得完美，AndmakesmeendwhereIbegun.让我的游离结束在我开始的地点。AndthoughitinthecentersOther metaphysical poetsGeorge Herbert(1593-1633)“the saint of the metaphysical school”极极为虔虔诚的国教牧的国教牧师，其，其诗常有常有牵强的奇的奇喻，晦，晦涩难懂。有懂。有时采取具象采取具象诗的形式表的形式表现其虔其虔诚。“The Easter Wing”(具象具象诗)Andrew Marvell(1621-1678)To His Coy Mistress(及及时行行乐的思想的思想)Henry Vaughan(1622-1695)Richard Crashaw(1612-1649)OthermetaphysicalpoetsGeorgeEASTER WINGS Lord,who createdst man in wealth and store,Though foolishly he lost the same,Till he became Most poor:With thee O,let me rise As larks,harmoniously,And sing this day thy victories:Then shall the fall further the flight in me.My Tender age in sorrow did begin:And still with sicknesses and shame Thou didst so punish sin,That I became Most thin.With thee Let me combine,And feel this day thy victory;For,if I imp my wing on thine,Affliction shall advance the flight in me.EASTERWINGSLord,whocreated1.2 Cavalier PoetsA broad description of a school of English poets of the 17th century,who came from the classes that supported King Charles I during the English Civil War.Much of their poetry is light in style,and generally secular in subject.They were marked out by their lifestyle and religion from the Roundheads,who supported Parliament and were often Puritans.Cavalier poetry was associated with the royalist cause and therefore reflected royalist values.The cavalier poets were retrospective and nostalgic.The poetry celebrates beauty,love,nature,sensuality,drinking,elegance,and often ironic ease.1.2CavalierPoetsAbroaddescCavalier PoetryCavalier Poetry is filled with direct language and clear-cut expressions and images,whereas metaphysical poetry uses complicated metaphors and unfeasible imagery.The strength of Cavalier poetry was in its shortness and directness.It was easy to understand and did not confuse the readers with intricate imagery and deep meaning.Although short and somewhat simple,cavalier poetry was supposed to coincide with their motto“Carpe Diem”translating to“seize the day.”Representatives:Sir John Suckling(1609-1642)Richard Lovelace(1618-1657)Thomas Carew(1595-1639)Robert Herrick(1591-1674).CavalierPoetryCavalierPoetryRobert Herrick(1591-1674)7th child of Nicholas Herrick,a prosperous goldsmith;Entered Cambridge in 1613,graduated a Bachelor of Arts in 1617,and Master of Arts in 1620.Became the eldest of the Sons of Ben,Cavalier poets who idolized Ben Jonson,mixing in literary circles in London.On April 24,1623 Herrick was ordained an Episcopal minister主教牧主教牧师and acted as chaplain专职教士教士 to Buckingham.In 1629 he was appointed by Charles I to the living of Dean Prior in the diocese of Exeter,a post he reluctantly accepted.In 1647,under the Commonwealth,he was expelled from the priory by the Protectorate government,and returned to London.In 1648 Herrick published his major collection,Hesperides 金苹果园金苹果园,consisting of 1200 poems.With the restoration in 1660 he was returned to Devon where he died in 1674 at the age of eighty-three.RobertHerrick(1591-1674)7thToDaffodilsByRobertHerrickFairDaffodils,weweeptoseeYouhasteawaysosoon;Asyettheearly-risingSunHasnotattainedhisnoon.Stay,stay,UntilthehastingdayHasrunButtotheeven-songAnd,havingprayedtogether,weWillgowithyoualong.Wehaveshorttimetostay,asyouWehaveasshortaspring;Asquickagrowthtomeetdecay,Asyou,oranything.Wedie,Asyourhoursdo,anddryAway,Liketothesummersrain,Orasthepearlsofmorningsdew,Nevertobefoundagain.咏黄水仙花咏黄水仙花 郭沫若郭沫若 译译美的黄水仙，凋谢得太快，美的黄水仙，凋谢得太快，我们感觉着悲哀；我们感觉着悲哀；连早晨出来的太阳连早晨出来的太阳都还没有上升到天盖。都还没有上升到天盖。停下来，停下来，停下来，停下来，等匆忙的日脚等匆忙的日脚跑进跑进黄昏的暮霭；黄昏的暮霭；在那时共同祈祷着，在那时共同祈祷着，在回家的路上徘徊。在回家的路上徘徊。我们也只有短暂的停留，我们也只有短暂的停留，青春的易逝堪忧；青春的易逝堪忧；我们方生也就方死，我们方生也就方死，和你们一样，和你们一样，一切都要罢休。一切都要罢休。你们谢了，你们谢了，我们也要去了，我们也要去了，如同夏雨之骤，如同夏雨之骤，或如早晨的露珠，或如早晨的露珠，永无痕迹可求。永无痕迹可求。ToDaffodilsByRobertHerrick1.3 John Milton(1608-1674)Life and literary careerEarly Life(1608-1640)Education at CambridgeHis first work:an ode On the Morning of Christs Nativity（基督基督诞生晨生晨颂，1629）Horton:LAllegro(快快乐的人的人，1632),Il Penseroso(沉思的人沉思的人，1632),Lycidas(利西达利西达斯斯，1638),Comus(科科玛斯斯，1634).2 years travel in the Continent,returned in 16391.3JohnMilton(1608-1674)LifLife and literary career of Milton20 years as a revolutionary(1640-1660)Worked as the Latin secretary for CromwellWrote a number of political pamphlets,including:Areopagitica论出版自由出版自由(1644)Defence of the English People(为英国人民英国人民辩护，1651),Second Defence of the English People(为英国人民英国人民再再辩护，1654).Later LifeAfter the restoration,in blindness he completed three great epics with the help of his daughter and some other young men.Paradise Lost失失乐园园;Paradise Regained复复乐园园;and Samson Agonistes力士参力士参孙LifeandliterarycareerofMiParadise LostA long epic in 12 books written in blank verseMiltons masterpiece,and the greatest English epic.The stories were taken from the Genesis of the Old Testamentthe rebellion in Heaven of Satan and his fellow-angels;their defeat and expulsion from Heaven;the creation of the earth and of Adam and Eve;the fallen angels in hell plotting against God;Satans temptation of Eve;the departure of Adam and Eve from Eden;and the possible salvation.ParadiseLostAlongepicin12Nine times the space that measures day and night依照人依照人间的的计算，大算，大约九天九夜，九天九夜，To mortal men,he with his horrid crew他和他那一伙可怕的徒众他和他那一伙可怕的徒众Lay vanquished,rolling in the fiery gulf沉沉沦辗转在烈火的深渊中在烈火的深渊中Confounded though immortal:But his doom虽属不死之身，却象死者一属不死之身，却象死者一样横横陈；Reserved him to more wrath;for now the thought但但这个刑个刑罚反激起他更大的忿怒，反激起他更大的忿怒，Both of lost happiness and lasting pain既失去了幸福，又受无尽痛苦的煎熬。既失去了幸福，又受无尽痛苦的煎熬。Torments(折磨折磨)him;round he throws his baleful eyes他抬起他抬起忧虑的双眼，的双眼，环视周遭，周遭，That witnessed huge affliction and dismay摆在眼前的是莫大的在眼前的是莫大的隐忧和和烦恼，Mixed with obdurate pride and steadfast hate:顽固的傲气和固的傲气和难消的憎恨交消的憎恨交织着。着。十七世纪英国文学史ppt课件At once as far as angels ken he views霎霎时间，他竭尽天使的目力，望断，他竭尽天使的目力，望断The dismal situation waste and wild,际涯，但涯，但见被被风弥漫，浩渺无限，弥漫，浩渺无限，A dungeon horrible,on all sides round四面八方四面八方围着他的是个可怕的地牢，着他的是个可怕的地牢，As one great furnace flamed,yet from those flames象一个洪炉的烈火四射，但那火焰象一个洪炉的烈火四射，但那火焰No light,but rather darkness visible却不却不发光，只是灰蒙蒙的一片，光，只是灰蒙蒙的一片，Served only to discover sights of woe可以辨可以辨认出那儿的苦出那儿的苦难景况，景况，Regions of sorrow,doleful shades,where peace悲惨的境地和凄悲惨的境地和凄怆的暗影。的暗影。And rest can never dwell,hope never comes和平和安息决不在那儿停留，和平和安息决不在那儿停留，That comes to all;but torture without end希望无所不到，唯独不到那里。希望无所不到，唯独不到那里。AtonceasfarasangelskenhStill urges,and a fiery deluge,fed只有无只有无穷无尽的苦无尽的苦难紧紧跟着跟着With ever-burning sulphur unconsumed:永燃的硫磺不断的添注，不永燃的硫磺不断的添注，不灭的火焰，洪水般向他的火焰，洪水般向他们滚滚逼来。逼来。Such place Eternal Justice had prepared这个地方，就是正个地方，就是正义之神之神为那些那些For those rebellious,here their prison ordained叛逆者准叛逆者准备的，在天外的冥荒中的，在天外的冥荒中In utter darkness,and their portion set为他他们设置的牢置的牢狱，那个地方，那个地方As far removed from God and light of Heaven离开天神和天界的亮光离开天神和天界的亮光As from the Center thrice to th utmost pole.相当于天极到中心的三倍那么相当于天极到中心的三倍那么远。Stillurges,andafierydelug Theme and CharacterizationThe main idea of the poem is the heroic revolt against Gods authority.In the poem God is no better than a selfish despot.This epic expresses the reactionary forces of his time and shows passionate appeal for freedom.The theme is also about the fall of Men:mans disobedience and the loss of Paradise.But having done it,Adam and Eve get freedom.ThemeandCharacterizationTheParadise RegainedIt explores the theme of temptation and fall and shows how humankind,in the person of Christ,withstands the tempter and is established once more in the divine favor.In 4 books Satan:Evil force,tempted Jesus in different ways but failed at last.Jesus:successfully refused the temptation from Satan and began his holy task to save the human being from his original sin.ParadiseRegainedItexplorestSamson AgnonistesModeled on the Greek tragedies.Took the story from Book of Judges(旧旧约士士师记).Samson was the hero of Israelites,betrayed by his wife and blinded by enemies.One day he was summoned to provide amusement for his enemies by feats of strength in a temple.There he wreaked his vengeance upon his enemies by pulling down the temple upon them and upon himself in a common ruin.SamsonAgnonistesModeledonthFeatures of Miltons Poetry or Miltons contributionMilton is a great revolutionary poet of the 17th century.He is also an outstanding political pamphleteer of the Revolution period.He made a strong influence on the later progressive English poets.Milton is a great stylist.His poetry has a grand style.That is because he made a life-long study of classical and Biblical literature.Milton is a great master of blank verse.He is the glorious pioneer to introduce blank verse into non-dramatic poetry.He has used it as the main tool in his masterpiece Paradise Lost.His blank verse is rich in every poetic quality and never monotonous.Milton wrote the greatest epic in English literature.He made a strong influence o later English poetry.His poetry is noted for sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.FeaturesofMiltonsPoetryor2.1 John Bunyan(1628-1688)LifeSon of a poor tinker,received only the simplest education.Enlisted in the Parliamentary army at 17,and fought the famous Battle of Naseby in 1645.Joined a Baptist society and began to preach among the villagers.Imprisoned in 1660 for preaching for 12 years,in which he started writing.MasterpieceThe Pilgrims Progress天路天路历程程2.1JohnBunyan(1628-1688)LifThe Pilgrims Progressa religious allegory,a narrative in which general concepts such as sin,despair,and faith are represented as people or as aspects of the natural world.Bunyans prose is noted for his simple,biblical style.He uses idiomatic expressions naturally.His biblical language enables him to narrate stories and reveal his ideas in a direct way.Bunyan cherished a deeply hatred of both the king and his government.This section gives the bitterest satire,which is invariably directed at the ruling class.In the descriptions of the Vanity Fair,Bunyan not only gives us a symbolic picture of London at the time of the Restoration but of the whole bourgeois society.ThePilgrimsProgressareligOther prose writersRobert Burn(1577-1640)The Anatomy of Melancholy,1621Thomas Browne(1605-1682)Religio Medici(The Religion of a Doctor)Jeremy Taylor(1613-1667)Holy Living,1650Holy Dying,1651Izaak Walton(1593-1683)The Compleat Angler,1653OtherprosewritersRobertBurn3.1 Restoration Drama从从1642 年清教徒关年清教徒关闭剧院到复辟后院到复辟后3 个月个月剧院开演，英国院开演，英国剧坛沉寂了沉寂了18 年。年。复辟复辟时期的悲期的悲剧作家除德莱作家除德莱顿以外，著名的以外，著名的还有有纳撒尼撒尼李（李（Nathaniel Lee，1653-1692）、托）、托马斯斯奥特奥特维（Thomas Otway，1652-1685），他），他们受法国古典主受法国古典主义戏剧很大的影响。李的很大的影响。李的争争宠的王后的王后（The Rival Queens,1677）和奥特）和奥特维的的保全了威尼斯保全了威尼斯，都写了，都写了爱情与荣誉、情与荣誉、责任之任之间的冲突，后一部的冲突，后一部戏常被推常被推为英国古典主英国古典主义悲悲剧的的代表作。代表作。复辟复辟时期的喜期的喜剧相当出色。它相当出色。它们不同于伊不同于伊丽莎白莎白时代的浪代的浪漫喜漫喜剧，而是，而是讽刺性的刺性的风俗喜俗喜剧，讽刺刺对象是当象是当时的英国的英国上流社会。但是它上流社会。但是它们的的讽刺并不深刻，以刺并不深刻，以轻松的心情和松的心情和偷快的反快的反讽来表来表现生活，俏皮幽默的生活，俏皮幽默的对话为突出特点。喜突出特点。喜剧最常最常见的主的主题是上流社会男女之是上流社会男女之间爱的的纠纷，反映出，反映出宫廷廷环境中境中轻浮放浮放荡的的时尚。尚。3.1RestorationDrama从1642年清教RepresentativesWilliam Wycherley（1640？-1716）Love in a Wood林中之林中之爱The Country Wife乡村村妇女女The Plain Dealer坦率的人坦率的人Sir John Vanbrugh（1664-1726）The Relapse,or Virtue in Danger 故故态复萌复萌The Provoked Wife恼怒的妻子怒的妻子William Congreve（1670-1729）The Double Dealer两面派两面派Love for Love 以以爱还爱The Way of the World 如此世道如此世道Jeremy Collier（1650-1726）A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage略略论英国舞台上的不道德和英国舞台上的不道德和亵渎 RepresentativesWilliamWycherl威廉威廉康格雷夫（康格雷夫（William Congreve,1670-1729）是）是这时期喜期喜剧的代表作家。他的作品一方面模仿法国喜的代表作家。他的作品一方面模仿法国喜剧家莫家莫里哀，一方面里哀，一方面继承并承并发展了本展了本琼生、生、玛斯斯顿等人的社会等人的社会讽刺喜刺喜剧传统。1695 年，他的名年，他的名剧以以爱还爱(Love for Love)上演，上演，轰动伦敦舞台。敦舞台。剧中在描写男女中在描写男女间关系关系的同的同时，接触了，接触了财产继承承问题，可，可见本本琼生喜生喜剧的影响。的影响。如此世道如此世道（The Way of the World,1700）是康格）是康格雷夫及复辟雷夫及复辟时期喜期喜剧的代表作，写了虚的代表作，写了虚伪的婚姻和的婚姻和爱情的情的纠纷。他作品的。他作品的语言言锋利、精确、雅致、利、精确、雅致、备受推崇。受推崇。William Congreve(1670-1729)威廉康格雷夫（WilliamCongreve,16703.2 John Dryden(1631-1700)An influential English poet,literary critic,translator,and playwright who dominated the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles as the Age of Dryden.3.2JohnDryden(1631-1700)AnLife and worksBurn into a puritan family,received good education in Cambridge.In 1659,he wrote an elegy on Cromwells death.(Heroic Stanzas英雄英雄诗辩)2 years later,he wrote an ode of rejoicing at the Restoration of Charles II.（Astraea Redux伸伸张正正义）In 1682,he defended the Church of England,but turned Catholic when James II intended to establish Roman Catholicism as the national religion.(The Hind and the Panther牝鹿与豹牝鹿与豹)LifeandworksBurnintoapuriMore WorksOdes(德莱德莱顿的的颂诗和和讽刺刺诗标志着英国志着英国诗歌中新古典主歌中新古典主义的确立的确立):A Song For St.Cecilia,1687Alexanders Feast,1697Heroic Plays(英雄剧英雄剧):The Conquest of Granada,1670Aureng-zebe,1675Tragedy:All for Love,1678.dealing with the same story of Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra in heroic couplets.Comedy：Marriage la mode,1672 Critical works:An Essay of Dramatic Poesy,1668.MoreWorksOdes(德莱顿的颂诗和讽刺诗标志着Comments英国新古典主英国新古典主义最早的倡最早的倡导者和者和实践者践者 德莱德莱顿的的颂诗和和讽刺刺诗标志着英国志着英国诗歌中新古典歌中新古典主主义的确立。的确立。写了写了27 27 部不同部不同类型的型的戏剧：喜：喜剧、悲喜、悲喜剧、歌、歌剧及悲及悲剧。他引入了新的。他引入了新的戏剧类型型仿效法国古仿效法国古典典爱主主义诗人的人的“英雄英雄剧（Heroic Plays）德莱德莱顿是英国文学史上最早的重要的文学批是英国文学史上最早的重要的文学批评家。家。Comments英国新古典主义最早的倡导者和实践者新古典主新古典主义（Neoclassicism）新古典主义是世纪欧洲的主要文学思潮。它形成和繁荣于法国，随后扩展到欧洲其他国家。新古典主义文学的思想特征是：受到王权的直接干预，在政治思想上主张国家统一，反对封建割据，歌颂英明的国王，把文学和现实政治结合得非常紧密。宣扬理性，要求克制个人情欲。尖锐地抨击贵族的奢侈淫逸、腐化堕落，同时也批判资产阶级的愚顽、附庸风雅和想成为贵族的心理。新古典主义悲剧多以帝王将相、宫闱秘事为题材，继承了古希腊悲剧的传统。新古典主义文学的艺术特征是：从古希腊古罗马文学中汲取艺术形式和题材。有一套严格的艺术规范和标准。主张语言准确、精练、华丽、典雅，表现出较多的宫廷趣味。人物塑