企业会计准则——每股收益课件

每股收益每股收益Earnings per Share 2024/5/242024/5/241 1企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益一、适用范围二、基本每股收益三、稀释每股收益四、重新计算2024/5/242024/5/242 2企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益一、适用范围n n普通股或潜在普通股已公开交易的企业 n n正处于公开发行普通股或潜在普通股过程中的企业 n n自愿列报每股收益信息的企业 2024/5/242024/5/243 3企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益二、基本每股收益 归属于普通股股东的当期净利润 当期发行在外普通股的加权平均数2024/5/242024/5/244 4企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益二、基本每股收益分子：归属于普通股股东的当期净利润n n净亏损n n合并净利润少数股东损益2024/5/242024/5/245 5企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益二、基本每股收益二、基本每股收益分母：仅考虑当期实际发行在外的普通股股份分母：仅考虑当期实际发行在外的普通股股份vv权数权数vv新发行普通股新发行普通股vv库存股库存股vv新发行的股票股数以应收对价之日起计算新发行的股票股数以应收对价之日起计算vv购买资产并以未来发行普通股股份作为对价购买资产并以未来发行普通股股份作为对价vv企业合并企业合并(非同一控制和同一控制非同一控制和同一控制)2024/5/242024/5/246 6企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益例：期初发行在外的普通股10000股3月2日新发行4500股12月1日回购1500股，以备将来奖励职工普通股加权平均数1000012/12+450010/12-15001/12=13625股 2024/5/242024/5/247 7企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益三、稀释的每股收益基本原则：n n假设稀释性潜在普通股于当期期初（或发行日）假设稀释性潜在普通股于当期期初（或发行日）已经全部转换为普通股已经全部转换为普通股n n只考虑稀释性潜在普通股的影响，不考虑不具有只考虑稀释性潜在普通股的影响，不考虑不具有稀释性的潜在普通股（亏损企业的认股权证等）稀释性的潜在普通股（亏损企业的认股权证等）稀释性潜在普通股的三种主要情形n n可转换公司债、认股权证、股份期权可转换公司债、认股权证、股份期权2024/5/242024/5/248 8企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益三、稀释的每股收益分子的调整：当期已确认为费用的稀释性潜在普通股的利息稀释性潜在普通股转换时将产生的收益或费用相关所得税的影响 2024/5/242024/5/249 9企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益三、稀释的每股收益分母的调整：假定稀释性潜在普通股转换为已发行普通股而增加的普通股股数的加权平均数2024/5/242024/5/241010企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益n n可转换公司债券例：某公司2007年1月2日发行4%可转换债券，面值800万元，每100元债券可转换为1元面值普通股90股。2007年净利润4500万元2007年发行在外普通股4000万股所得税税率33%基本每股收益4500/40001.125元2024/5/242024/5/241111企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益稀释的每股收益净利润的增加800 4%（1-33%）21.44万元普通股股数的增加800/100 90720万股稀释的每股收益（450021.44）/（4000720）0.96元2024/5/242024/5/241212企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益n n认股权证、股份期权行权时发行的普通股包括两部分：v按当期平均市场价格发行的普通股，不具有稀释性，计算稀释的每股收益时不必考虑v未取得对价而发行的普通股，具有稀释性，计算稀释的每股收益时应当加到普通股股数中2024/5/242024/5/241313企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益例：某公司2007年初对外发行100万份认股权证，行权价格3.5元2007年度净利润200万元发行在外普通股加权平均数500万股普通股平均市场价格4元基本每股收益200/5000.4元2024/5/242024/5/241414企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益调整增加的普通股股数1001003.5412.5万股稀释的每股收益200/（50012.5）0.39元如果承诺回购其股份，且回购价格高于市场价格时如何处理？2024/5/242024/5/241515企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益n n多项潜在普通股 按照其稀释程度从大到小的顺序计入稀释每股收益，直至稀释每股收益达到最小值n n稀释程度：以增量股的每股收益衡量2024/5/242024/5/241616企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益例：例：某公司某公司20072007年度归属于普通股股东的净利润为年度归属于普通股股东的净利润为3750037500万元，发行在外普通股加权平均数为万元，发行在外普通股加权平均数为125000125000万股。万股。当期普通股平均市场价格为当期普通股平均市场价格为1212元。元。年度内没有期权被行权，也没有可转换公司债券被转换年度内没有期权被行权，也没有可转换公司债券被转换或赎回，所得税税率为或赎回，所得税税率为33%33%。假设不考虑可转换公司债券在负债和权益成份的分拆。假设不考虑可转换公司债券在负债和权益成份的分拆。年初已发行在外的潜在普通股有：年初已发行在外的潜在普通股有：2024/5/242024/5/241717n n（1）股份期权12000万份，每份股份期权拥有在授权日起五年内的可行权日以8元的行权价格购买1股本公司新发股票的权利。n n12000-12000812=4000万股n n股数增加4000万股2024/5/242024/5/241818n n（2）按面值发行的年期可转换公司债券630000万元，债券每张面值100元，票面年利率为2.6%，转股价格为每股12.5元。n n6300002.6%(1-33%)=10974.6万元n n630000/12.5=50400万股n n增量股每股收益=0.218元2024/5/242024/5/241919n n（3）按面值发行的三年期可转换公司债券1100000万元，债券每张面值100元，票面年利率为1.4%，转股价格为每股10元。n n11000001.4%(1-33%)=10318万元n n1100000/10=110000万股n n增量股每股收益=0.094元2024/5/242024/5/242020企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益n n基本每股收益=37500/125000=0.3元2024/5/242024/5/242121企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益确定潜在普通股计入稀释每股收益的顺序：净利润净利润增加增加股数增股数增加加增量股增量股的每股的每股收益收益稀释性稀释性顺序顺序期权期权-40004000-1 12.6%2.6%债券债券10974.610974.6 50400504000.2180.2183 31.4%1.4%债券债券10318103181100001100000.0940.0942 22024/5/242024/5/242222企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益n n分步计入稀释每股收益 n n 净利润净利润 股数股数 每股收益每股收益 稀释性稀释性n n基本每股收益基本每股收益 37500 125000 0.337500 125000 0.3n n期股期股 _ 4000 _ 4000 n n 37500 129000 0.291 37500 129000 0.291 稀释稀释n n1.4%1.4%债券债券 10318 110000 10318 110000 n n 47818 239000 0.200 47818 239000 0.200 稀释稀释n n2.6%2.6%债券债券 10974.6 5040010974.6 50400n n 58792.6 289400 0.203 58792.6 289400 0.203 反稀释反稀释n n因此，稀释每股收益为因此，稀释每股收益为0.20.2元。元。2024/5/242024/5/242323企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益n n子公司、合营企业或联营企业发行的潜在普通股子公司、合营企业或联营企业发行的潜在普通股 例：例：A A公司公司20072007年度净利润为年度净利润为480480万元（不包括子公司万元（不包括子公司利润或子公司支付的股利），发行在外普通股利润或子公司支付的股利），发行在外普通股400400万万股，持有子公司股，持有子公司B B公司公司80%80%的普通股股权。的普通股股权。B B公司公司20072007年度净利润为年度净利润为216216万元，发行在外普通股万元，发行在外普通股4040万股，普通股平均市场价格为万股，普通股平均市场价格为8 8元。年初，元。年初，B B公司对公司对外发行外发行6 6万份可用于购买其普通股的认股权证，行权万份可用于购买其普通股的认股权证，行权价格为价格为4 4元，元，A A公司持有公司持有12001200份认股权证。假设除股份认股权证。假设除股利外，母子公司之间没有其他需抵销的内部交易。利外，母子公司之间没有其他需抵销的内部交易。假定假定 A A公司取得公司取得B B公司投资时，公司投资时，B B公司各项可辨认资产公司各项可辨认资产的公允价值与其账面价值一致。的公允价值与其账面价值一致。2024/5/242024/5/242424企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益B公司：基本每股收益=216/40=5.4元调整增加的普通股股数=6-648=3万股 稀释的每股收益=216/（40+3）=5.02元 A公司：基本每股收益=（480+5.44080%）/400 =1.63元 稀释的每股收益=（480+5.024080%+5.0230.12/6）/400 =1.60元 2024/5/242024/5/242525企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益四、重新计算 发生不改变企业资源但将引起当期发行在外普通股股数发生变动的情况，需重新计算所有列报期间的股份数，并据以调整每股收益n n派发股票股利n n公积金转增股本n n拆股、并股2024/5/242024/5/242626企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益例：某公司2004年和2005年净利润分别为190万元和220万元2004年1月1日发行在外的普通股1000000股2004年4月1日按市价新发行普通股200000股2005年7月1日分派股票股利，以2004年12月31日总股本1200000股为基数每10股送3股 2024/5/242024/5/242727企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益20052005年度发行在外普通股加权平均数年度发行在外普通股加权平均数=（1000000+200000+360000)12/121000000+200000+360000)12/12=1560000=1560000股股20042004年度发行在外普通股加权平均数年度发行在外普通股加权平均数=10000001.312/12+2000001.39/12=10000001.312/12+2000001.39/12=1495000=1495000股股20052005年度基本每股收益年度基本每股收益=2200000/1560000=2200000/1560000 =1.41 =1.41元元20042004年度基本每股收益年度基本每股收益=1900000/1495000=1900000/1495000 =1.27 =1.27元元2024/5/242024/5/242828企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益n n配股在计算每股收益时比较特殊，因为配股是向全部现有股东以低于当前股票市价的价格发行普通股，实际上可以理解为按市价发行股票和无对价送股的混合体。也就是说，配股中包含的送股因素导致了发行在外普通股股数的增加，但却没有相应的经济资源的流入。计算基本每股收益时，应当考虑这部分送股因素，据以调整各列报期间发行在外普通股的加权平均数。计算公式如下：2024/5/242024/5/242929企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益n n每每股股理理论论除除权权价价格格（行行权权前前发发行行在在外外普普通通股股的的公公允允价价值值配配股股收收到到的的款款项项）行行权权后后发发行行在在外外的的普通股股数普通股股数n n调调整整系系数数=行行权权前前每每股股公公允允价价值值 每每股股理理论论除除权权价价格格n n因因配配股股重重新新计计算算的的上上年年度度基基本本每每股股收收益益=上上年年度度基基本每股收益本每股收益 调整系数调整系数n n本本年年度度基基本本每每股股收收益益=归归属属于于普普通通股股股股东东的的当当期期净净利利润润（配配股股前前发发行行在在外外普普通通股股股股数数 调调整整系系数数 配配股股前前普普通通股股发发行行在在外外的的时时间间权权重重配配股股后后发发行行在在外普通股加权平均数）外普通股加权平均数）2024/5/242024/5/243030企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益n n例：某企业例：某企业20072007年度归属于普通股股东的净利润年度归属于普通股股东的净利润为为96009600万元，万元，20072007年年1 1月月1 1日发行在外普通股股数日发行在外普通股股数为为40004000万股，万股，20072007年年6 6月月1010日，该企业发布增资配日，该企业发布增资配股公告，向截止到股公告，向截止到20072007年年6 6月月3030日（股权登记日）日（股权登记日）所有登记在册的老股东配股，配股比例为每所有登记在册的老股东配股，配股比例为每5 5股配股配1 1股，配股价格为每股股，配股价格为每股5 5元，除权交易基准日为元，除权交易基准日为20072007年年7 7月月1 1日。假设行权前一日的市价为每股日。假设行权前一日的市价为每股1111元，元，20062006年度基本每股收益为年度基本每股收益为2.22.2元。那么，元。那么，20072007年度比较利润表中基本每股收益的计算如下：年度比较利润表中基本每股收益的计算如下：2024/5/242024/5/243131企业会计准则企业会计准则每股收益每股收益n n每 股 理 论 除 权 价 格 （1140005800）（4000+800）=10元n n调整系数=1110=1.1n n因配股重新计算的2006年度基本每股收益=2.21.1=2元n n2005年度基本每股收益=9600（40001.16/12+48006/12）=2.09元 2024/5/242024/5/243232与配股相关的两个问题与配股相关的两个问题n n企业存在非流通股时，配股如何处理？n n向定向对象以低于市场价格发行股票，如何处理？2024/5/242024/5/243333讨论讨论n n在资产负债观下，计算每股收益的作用是什么？2024/5/242024/5/243434IAS 33 Earnings per Share n nThe objective of this Standard is to prescribe principles for the determination and presentation of earnings per share,so as to improve performance comparisons between different entities in the same reporting period and between different reporting periods for the same entity.The focus of this Standard is on the denominator of the earnings per share calculation.2024/5/242024/5/243535IAS 33 Earnings per Sharen nThis Standard shall be applied by entities whose ordinary shares or potential ordinary shares are publicly traded and by entities that are in the process of issuing ordinary shares or potential ordinary shares in public markets.An entity that discloses earnings per share shall calculate and disclose earnings per share in accordance with this Standard.2024/5/242024/5/243636IAS 33 Earnings per Sharen nAn An ordinary share ordinary share is an equity instrument that is subordinate to all other is an equity instrument that is subordinate to all other classes of equity instruments.classes of equity instruments.n nA A potential ordinary share potential ordinary share is a financial instrument or other contract that is a financial instrument or other contract that may entitle its holder to ordinary shares.may entitle its holder to ordinary shares.n nAn entity shall present on the face of the income statement basic and An entity shall present on the face of the income statement basic and diluted earnings per share for profit or loss from continuing operations diluted earnings per share for profit or loss from continuing operations attributable to the ordinary equity holders of the parent entity and for profit attributable to the ordinary equity holders of the parent entity and for profit or loss attributable to the ordinary equity holders of the parent entity for the or loss attributable to the ordinary equity holders of the parent entity for the period for each class of ordinary shares that has a different right to share in period for each class of ordinary shares that has a different right to share in profit for the period.An entity shall present basic and diluted earnings per profit for the period.An entity shall present basic and diluted earnings per share with equal prominence for all periods presented.share with equal prominence for all periods presented.n nAn entity that reports a discontinued operation shall disclose the basic and An entity that reports a discontinued operation shall disclose the basic and diluted amounts per share for the discontinued operation either on the face diluted amounts per share for the discontinued operation either on the face of the income statement or in the notes.of the income statement or in the notes.2024/5/242024/5/243737Basic earnings per share Basic earnings per share shall be calculated by dividing profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent entity(the numerator)by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding(the denominator)during the period.For the purpose of calculating basic earnings per share,the amounts attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent entity in respect of:2024/5/242024/5/243838IAS 33 Earnings per Sharen n(a)profit or loss from continuing operations(a)profit or loss from continuing operations attributable to the parent entity;and attributable to the parent entity;and n n(b)profit or loss attributable to the parent entity(b)profit or loss attributable to the parent entity n nshall be the amounts in(a)and(b)adjusted for the shall be the amounts in(a)and(b)adjusted for the after-tax amounts of preference dividends,differences after-tax amounts of preference dividends,differences arising on the settlement of preference shares,and arising on the settlement of preference shares,and other similar effects of preference shares classified as other similar effects of preference shares classified as equity.equity.2024/5/242024/5/243939n nFor the purpose of calculating basic earnings per For the purpose of calculating basic earnings per share,the number of ordinary shares shall be the share,the number of ordinary shares shall be the weighted average number of ordinary shares weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period.Paragraph 19 The outstanding during the period.Paragraph 19 The weighted average number of ordinary shares weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period and for all periods outstanding during the period and for all periods presented shall be adjusted for events,other than the presented shall be adjusted for events,other than the conversion of potential ordinary shares,that have conversion of potential ordinary shares,that have changed the number of ordinary shares outstanding changed the number of ordinary shares outstanding without a corresponding change in resources.without a corresponding change in resources.2024/5/242024/5/244040Diluted earnings per sharen nFor the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share,an entity shall adjust profit or loss attributable share,an entity shall adjust profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent entity,and the to ordinary equity holders of the parent entity,and the weighted average number of shares outstanding,for weighted average number of shares outstanding,for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.n nDilution Dilution is a reduction in earnings per share or an is a reduction in earnings per share or an increase in loss per share resulting from the increase in loss per share resulting from the assumption that convertible instruments are assumption that convertible instruments are converted,that options or warrants are exercised,or converted,that options or warrants are exercised,or that ordinary shares are issued upon the satisfaction that ordinary shares are issued upon the satisfaction of specified conditions.of specified conditions.2024/5/242024/5/244141n nFor the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share,the number of For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share,the number of ordinary shares shall be the weighted average number of ordinary shares ordinary shares shall be the weighted average number of ordinary shares calculated in accordance with paragraphs 19 and 26,plus the weighted calculated in accordance with paragraphs 19 and 26,plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares that would be issued on the conversion average number of ordinary shares that would be issued on the conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares into ordinary shares.of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares into ordinary shares.n nPotential ordinary shares shall be treated as dilutive when,and only when,Potential ordinary shares shall be treated as dilutive when,and only when,their conversion to ordinary shares would decrease earnings per share or their conversion to ordinary shares would decrease earnings per share or increase loss per share from continuing operations.increase loss per share from continuing operations.n nAn entity uses profit or loss from continuing operations attributable to the An entity uses profit or loss from continuing operations attributable to the parent entity as the control number to establish whether potential ordinary parent entity as the control number to establish whether potential ordinary shares are dilutive or antidilutive.In determining whether potential shares are dilutive or antidilutive.In determining whether potential ordinary shares are dilutive or antidilutive,each issue or series of potential ordinary shares are dilutive or antidilutive,each issue or series of potential ordinary shares is considered separately rather than in aggregate.ordinary shares is considered separately rather than in aggregate.2024/5/242024/5/244242Retrospective adjustmentsn nIf the number of ordinary or potential ordinary shares outstanding increases as a result of a capitalisation,bonus issue or share split,or decreases as a result of a reverse share split,the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for all periods presented shall be adjusted retrospectively.2024/5/242024/5/244343 FASB Statement No.128Earnings per Share(Issued 2/97)n nThis Statement establishes standards for computing and This Statement establishes standards for computing and presenting earnings per share(EPS)and applies to entities presenting earnings per share(EPS)and applies to entities with publicly held common stock or potential common stock.with publicly held common stock or potential common stock.This Statement simplifies the standards for computing earnings This Statement simplifies the standards for computing earnings per share previously found in APB Opinion No.15,per share previously found in APB Opinion No.15,Earnings Earnings per Share,per Share,and makes them comparable to international EPS and makes them comparable to international EPS standards.It replaces the presentation of primary EPS with a standards.It replaces the presentation of primary EPS with a presentation of basic EPS.It also requires dual presentation of presentation of basic EPS.It also requires dual presentation of basic and diluted EPS on the face of the income statement for basic and diluted EPS on the face of the income statement for all entities with complex capital structures and requires a all entities with complex capital structures and requires a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation.diluted EPS computation.2024/5/242024/5/244444FASB Statement No.128Earnings per Share(Issued 2/97)n nBasic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period.Diluted EPS reflects the outstanding for the period.Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.Diluted EPS is computed earnings of the entity.Diluted EPS is computed similarly to fully diluted EPS pursuant to Opinion 15.similarly to fully diluted EPS pursuant to Opinion 15.2024/5/242024/5/244545FASB Statement No.128Earnings per Share(Issued 2/97)n nThis Statement supersedes Opinion 15 and AICPA Accounting Interpretations 1-102 of Opinion 15.It also supersedes or amends other accounting pronouncements listed in Appendix D.The provisions in this Statement are substantially the same as those in International Accounting Standard 33,Earnings per Share,recently issued by the International Accounting Standards Committee 2024/5/242024/5/244646