动名词做主语和宾语ppt课件

动名词作主语和宾语动名词作主语和宾语Grammar动名词作主语和宾语Grammar1 一 动名词Grammarv-ing 一 动名词Grammar2动词的动词的-ing现在分词现在分词 动名词动名词在句中可以做：在句中可以做：主语主语，表语，表语，宾语宾语，补语，定语和状语补语，定语和状语千万要注意千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！形式的规则哟！不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。一：简介一：简介 v+ing 动词的-ing现在分词在句中可以做：主语，表语，宾语，千万3时时 态态 和和 语语 态态 类 别 及及 物物动动 词词不及物动词不及物动词形式主主 动动被被 动动主主 动动一般式 doing being done doing 完成式 having donehaving been donehaving done时 态 和 语 态 类 别 及 物动 4功能及用法功能及用法(作主语作主语)1)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。学习新单词对我来说非常重要。_ is very important for me2)说比做容易。说比做容易。_ is easier than doing.Learning new wordsTalking3)和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。_ with ShylockIt is useless trying to argue用形式主语用形式主语it，把真正的主语，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词名词，如如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，a waste of等。等。如：如：动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。1作主语作主语.动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：功能及用法(作主语)1)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。Lea51)这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。Here is _ about such matter.2)无法知道他什么时候离开。无法知道他什么时候离开。There was _ when he would leave.功能及用法功能及用法(作主语作主语)no jokingno knowing在在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于于“It is impossible to do”如如 There is no doing：1)这种事开不得玩笑。功能及用法(作主语)no joking6v我们不知道要去哪儿。我们不知道要去哪儿。There was no knowing where we would go.v做这件傻事毫无意义。做这件傻事毫无意义。_注意：注意：There is no need to do sth 干干没必要，在此句式中没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为不可换为doing.没有必要告诉她。没有必要告诉她。_而在而在Its important /Its necessary /Its advisable /Its essential /Its fitting 这类句型中，只能用不定式，这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：如：Its important to learn foreign languages.Its quite necessary to read it many times.There is no point doing such a silly thing.There is no need to tell her.二、功能及用法二、功能及用法(作主语作主语)我们不知道要去哪儿。注意：There is no need 7 用用-ing-ing形式作主语的句型有：形式作主语的句型有：vIt+be+a waste of time doing 做做是浪费时间的是浪费时间的vIt is/was no good/use doing 做做是没用处的是没用处的 It is useless/no use做做是没用处的是没用处的vIt is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的vThere is no doing 无法无法，不允许不允许vThere is no sense/no point in doing v做做没有道理没有道理/意义意义 用-ing形式作主语的句型有：8提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。性物主代词和名词所有格构成。动名词复合结构动名词复合结构 1)我姐姐病了，使我很担心。我姐姐病了，使我很担心。My sisters being ill made us worried=That my sister was ill made us worried.2)你正确未必就意味着我错了。你正确未必就意味着我错了。Your being right doesnt necessarily mean _.my being wrong二、功能及用法二、功能及用法(作主语作主语)提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词9V-ing 做主语做主语_(play)with fire is dangerous.Be careful!_(play)with fire will be dangerous.to do or v-ing?PlayingTo play_(swim)is good for our health._(swim)in this river is not allowedSwimmingTo swim表示一般或抽象的多次行为表示一般或抽象的多次行为具体的或一次性的动作具体的或一次性的动作V-ing 做主语_(play)with 10功能及用法功能及用法 (用作宾语用作宾语)looking forI cant avoid_Have you considered _ one special friend?1)我不能不去。我不能不去。2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友你是否考虑过找一位挚友?(一一).（1）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。等。如：如：(一一)有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；(二二)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）(三三)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）（没大区别）going三。动名词作宾语三。动名词作宾语有三种情况。有三种情况。功能及用法 (用作宾语)looking forI ca11常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:考虑建议盼原谅，考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，避免错过继续练，否认完成停能赏，否认完成停能赏，不禁介意准逃亡，不禁介意准逃亡，不准冒险凭想象。不准冒险凭想象。consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,pardon admit,delay/put off,fancy avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practise deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciate cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape forbid,risk,imagine 常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:考虑建议盼原谅，consid12动词动词forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,beusedto,canthelpforget,regret,remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。(二二)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）I forgot _to her.(我忘了曾经给她写过信）我忘了曾经给她写过信）I forgot _her about it.我忘了要告诉。）我忘了要告诉。）I remember_ you somewhere in biejing.（see）Remember _me tonight.(call)He regretted_ in the exam.(cheat)I regret _that we cant stay here any longer(say)writingto tell seeingto callcheatingto say动词forget,go on,mean,regret,131.He stopped _and have a rest.(smoke)2.He really must stop_3.I once tried _French(learn)4.Lets try _at the back door.(knock)5.I didnt to mean _your feeling.(hurt)6.This word means _out at once.(set)7.I cant help _the room.for I am too busy(clean)8.After hearing the joke,we cant help _(laugh)9.Water is uesed to _flowers(water)10.I am used to _early.(get)11.Though it rained,they went on_.(work)12.We have finished Part 1.Lets go on _P 2(Learn)to smokesmokingto learnknockingto hurtsettingto cleanlaughingwatergetting upworkingto learn1.He stopped _and have 14(三三)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）（没大区别）1.一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词like,love,hate,prefer,intend,begin,start continue等，用不定式做宾语和等，用不定式做宾语和v+ing形式做宾语，意义相差不大形式做宾语，意义相差不大1.I started _(work)here two years ago.2.I intended _a poem in English.(write)3.They prefer _(spend)their summer vacation in the country.2.need/want/require/deserve doing sth.=need/want/require/deserve to be done.4.We need _ friends(have)5.My hair needs_ (cut)6.My hair needs_.to havecutting.to be cut(三)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别15【考例】WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset？_hernewbicycle（1997上海高考题）上海高考题）A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing【考例】What do you think m16解析：解析：losinghernewbicycle是句子的是句子的主语，谓语主语，谓语madehersoupset被省略，被省略，losing 在此表示具体的动作。在此表示具体的动作。解析：losing her new bicycle是句17【考例考例】Icantimagine_thatwiththem（MET1986）A.doB.todoC.beingdoneD.doing【考例】I cant imagine _18Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_theflower-linedgarden（1995上海高考题上海高考题）A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin解析：解析：考查短语动词考查短语动词lookforwardto后跟动名词作宾语的用法。后跟动名词作宾语的用法。She looks forward every 191.在在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成语，则构成“allowadviseforbidpermit名词代词不定式（宾语补足名词代词不定式（宾语补足语）语）”之形式。如：之形式。如：WedontallowsmokinghereWedontallowanybodytosmokehere 1.在allow,advise,forbid,202.动词动词need,require,want意为意为“需要需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如：动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如：Thewindowneedsrequireswantscleaningtobecleaned3.在在begin,continue,love,like,hate,prefer,intend,start后用动名词和后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。大区别。2.动词need,require,want意为“214.动词动词forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,beusedto,canthelp后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。注意。forget,regret,remember后跟动名词，后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作表示将要发生的动作。4.动词forget,go on,mean,r22goondoing继续做原来做的事继续做原来做的事goontodo接着做另一件事接着做另一件事meandoing意味着要做某事意味着要做某事meantodo想要做某事想要做某事stopdoing停止做某事停止做某事stoptodo停下来（别的事）开始停下来（别的事）开始做某事做某事go on doing 继续做原来做的事mean doin23trydoing试着做某事试着做某事trytodo努力做某事努力做某事beusedtodoing习惯于做某事习惯于做某事beusedtodo被用来做某事被用来做某事canthelpdoing禁不住做某事禁不住做某事canthelptodo不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事try doing 试着做某事be used to do24【考例】LetshavearestNotnowIdontwanttostop_yet（MET1985）A.studyB.tostudyC.forstudyingD.studying解析：解析：stopstudying意为意为“停止学习停止学习”。【考例】Lets have a rest 解25LetmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalistsDontyouremember_methestoryyesterday？（？（1999上海高考上海高考题）题）A.toldB.tellingC.totellD.tohavetold解析解析:remembertellingme意为意为“记得曾经告诉过我记得曾经告诉过我”。Let me tell you something261.Wearebothlookingforwardto_nextweek.A.goingonvocation(休假休假)B.goonvocationC.begoingonvocationD.havegoneonvocation1.We are both looking forward272.Youmustpayattentionto_theworksofLuXun.A.readB.readingC.readerD.beread3.Youshouldworktonightinsteadof_TV.A.towatchB.youwatchingC.youwatchD.watching2.You must pay attention to _284.Themicroscopeisusedfor_minute(微小的微小的)objects.A.examiningB.beingexaminedC.examinedD.examine5.Mikehasgotused_uplateatnight.(stayup)A.tositB.XC.tosittingD.sitting4.The microscope is used for_296.Oncetheheartstops_,death6.Oncetheheartstops_,deathfollowsatonce.followsatonce.A.beatingB.tobeatA.beatingB.tobeatC.beingbeatenD.tobebeatingC.beingbeatenD.tobebeating7.Wearenowbusy_forthe7.Wearenowbusy_fortheexamination.examination.A.toprepareB.preparingA.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.beingpreparedC.preparedD.beingprepared6.Once the heart stops _,308.Iremembered_thispersonsomewherebefore.A.seeingB.havingbeenseenC.seenD.tosee9.Iregret_thattoher.A.havingsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosayD.X8.I remembered _ this pers3110.Thepatientmustbeseparatedtoavoid(避免避免)_others.A.beinginfected(感染感染)B.infectingC.toinfectD.infected11.Yourclothesneed_.A.washedB.tobewashedC.towashD.beingwashed10.The patient must be separa3212._providesuswithessentialnutrients(营养营养),while_providesuswithoxygen.A.Toeat;breathingB.Eating;tobreatheC.Eating;breathingD.Eaten;breathed12._ provides us with ess3313.Heattendedthepartywithout_.A.invitedB.invitingC.havinginvitedD.beinginvited14.By_,watercanbechangedintogas.A.heatingB.beingheatedC.havingheatedD.heated13.He attended the party with3415.Onlandmanyobjectspreventsound_veryfar.A.totravelB.travelC.fromtravellingD.totravelling16.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething_.A.missedB.tobemissingC.missingD.tobemissed15.On land many objects preve3517.Remember_thenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.putbackC.toputbackD.beputback18.Writingstoriesandarticles_whatIenjoymost.A.isB.areC.wasD.were17.Remember_ the newspaper w3619.Hewasafraid_forbeinglate.A.ofseeingB.ofbeingseenC.tobeseenD.tohaveseen19.He was afraid _for being37HomeworkNexttimewelllearnOrganicFarmingonPage14.Ifpossible,pleasefindsomeinformation.TodayshomeworkistofinishallExercisesonPage49and50.Homework Next time well38