人教新课标选修六复习课件Unit1Art[2]

Section Warming Up&ReadingLanguage Points2024/5/22速效提能演练速效提能演练Unit 1重点难点探究重点难点探究 Section 2024/5/22重点难点探究重点难点探究词汇精研词汇精研1.What would you rather dopaint pictures，make sculptures，or design buildings?你你更更愿愿意意干干什什么么绘绘画画、雕雕塑塑还还是是设设计计建建筑筑物物？2024/5/22品味经典品味经典I would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.今晚我宁愿呆在家中读点书。今晚我宁愿呆在家中读点书。If youd rather be alone，well all leave here.如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。2024/5/22自我探究自我探究would rather 宁愿，宁可，还是宁愿，宁可，还是为好。为好。2024/5/22归纳拓展归纳拓展2024/5/22注意：注意：would rather从句，是一个常用的虚拟语从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型，谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。意气句型，谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。意为为“宁愿某人做某事宁愿某人做某事”。引导从句的。引导从句的that常省略。在常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。The children would walk there rather than take a bus.孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。John wants to see me today.But I would rather he came tomorrow.约翰今天想来看我。但我宁愿他明天来。约翰今天想来看我。但我宁愿他明天来。2024/5/22完成句子完成句子(1)我确信你宁愿她乘公共汽我确信你宁愿她乘公共汽车去上学，是不是？去上学，是不是？Im sure youd rather _，_？答案：答案：she went to school by bus，wouldnt you(2)Do you mind my opening the windows for some fresh air?_(我我宁宁愿愿你你别)I am feeling a bit cold here in the room.答案：答案：Id rather you didn t牛刀小牛刀小试2024/5/222.Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.艺术是受一个民族生活习俗和信仰影响的。艺术是受一个民族生活习俗和信仰影响的。2024/5/22品味经典品味经典It was her faith in God that helped her survive the long years in prison.是她对上帝的信仰帮她度过了在监狱中的漫长岁是她对上帝的信仰帮她度过了在监狱中的漫长岁月。月。Faith can move mountains.谚谚精诚所至，金石精诚所至，金石为开。为开。2024/5/22自我探究自我探究faith nU信任；信心；信念。信任；信心；信念。2024/5/22归纳拓展归纳拓展2024/5/22Have you any faith in what he says？你相信他？你相信他的话吗？的话吗？I feel you should never lose faith in yourself.我觉得你永远不应对自己失去信心。我觉得你永远不应对自己失去信心。2024/5/22牛刀小试牛刀小试完成句子完成句子_(有信心有信心)yourself，_(忠实于忠实于)your work and make every effort you can and then you are not far away from success.答案：答案：Have faith in；be faithful to2024/5/223.During the Middle Ages，the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.在中世在中世纪纪，画家的主要任，画家的主要任务务是表是表现现宗教主宗教主题题。(1)aim2024/5/22品味经典品味经典The main aim of the course is to improve students reading skills.这个课程的主要目标是提高学生的阅读技能。这个课程的主要目标是提高学生的阅读技能。Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims.要达到这些目标要齐心协力。要达到这些目标要齐心协力。2024/5/22自我探究自我探究aim nC目标；目的目标；目的 U瞄准；对准。瞄准；对准。2024/5/22归纳拓展归纳拓展2024/5/22He aimed his gun at the tiger，fired but missed it.他用枪瞄准老虎并开火，但没打中。他用枪瞄准老虎并开火，但没打中。Harry aims at becoming a doctor.哈利的目标是成为一名医生。哈利的目标是成为一名医生。2024/5/22牛刀小试牛刀小试完成句子完成句子(1)She always _(力争力争)the better.(aim)答案：答案：aims at(2)Im _(目标是减掉目标是减掉)4kg before the summer holidays.(aim)答案：答案：aiming to lose(3)The company is _(目标是培训目标是培训)each employee by the end of this year.答案：答案：aiming at training(2)represent2024/5/22品味经典品味经典Can you represent it to us in detail?你能详细向我们叙述这件事吗？你能详细向我们叙述这件事吗？He represented himself to be/as a member of our group.他自称是我们小组的成员。他自称是我们小组的成员。You two will represent our school at the meeting.你俩将代表我们学校参加会议。你俩将代表我们学校参加会议。2024/5/22自我探究自我探究represent vt.描绘；代表；表示。描绘；代表；表示。2024/5/22归纳探究归纳探究2024/5/22牛刀小试牛刀小试(4)The red lines on the map _ railways.Arepresent BexpressCreveal Dpresent解析：选解析：选A。句意：地图上的红线代表铁路。句意：地图上的红线代表铁路。represent“代表；表示代表；表示”相当于相当于stand for。express“表达表达”，reveal“透露；泄露透露；泄露”，present“授授予；展现予；展现”。2024/5/224.A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were.这个时期的传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然这个时期的传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。和人物。2024/5/22品味经典品味经典Plastics have taken the place of many conventional materials.塑料已经取代了许多传统材料。塑料已经取代了许多传统材料。The chairman made a few conventional remarks.主席说了几句客套话。主席说了几句客套话。2024/5/22自我探究自我探究conventional adj.常规的；传统的；因循守旧的。常规的；传统的；因循守旧的。归纳拓展归纳拓展He is conventional in his approach to life.他的生活态度是守旧的。他的生活态度是守旧的。2024/5/22易混辨析易混辨析conventional，traditional2024/5/22Women are questioning their traditional role in society，as wives and mothers.女性正对她们在社会中扮演的妻子和母亲的传统女性正对她们在社会中扮演的妻子和母亲的传统角色提出疑问。角色提出疑问。2024/5/22牛刀小试牛刀小试A microwave cooks food much faster than a _oven.AtraditionalBconventionalCnormal Dstandard解析：选解析：选B。句意：微波炉做饭比传统炉子快得多。句意：微波炉做饭比传统炉子快得多。normal“正常的正常的”，standard“标准的标准的”都不符合语境。都不符合语境。traditional“传统的传统的”多指习俗或观念，而多指习俗或观念，而conventional“传统的传统的”可指早就存在的方法或设备等，可指早就存在的方法或设备等，如如conventional weapons常规武器。故选常规武器。故选B。2024/5/225.A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols，which created a feeling of respect and love for God.这个时期的典型的绘画充满了宗教的象征，这体这个时期的典型的绘画充满了宗教的象征，这体现了对上帝的敬重和爱戴。现了对上帝的敬重和爱戴。2024/5/22品味经典品味经典This is a typical example.这是个典型的例子。这是个典型的例子。自我探究自我探究typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的。典型的；具有代表性的。2024/5/22归纳拓展归纳拓展2024/5/22This painting is typical of his early works.这幅画是他早期的代表作。这幅画是他早期的代表作。It was typical of him to be so merciless.他总是如此冷酷无情。他总是如此冷酷无情。On a typical day，the president receives more than 4,500 letters.通常总统每天会收到超过通常总统每天会收到超过4500封信。封信。2024/5/22牛刀小试牛刀小试Jack is late again.It is _of him to keep others waiting.Anormal BordinaryCcommon Dtypical解析：选解析：选D。考查词语辨析。句意：杰克又迟到。考查词语辨析。句意：杰克又迟到了。他一向让别人等他。了。他一向让别人等他。It is typical of sb.to do sth.某人一向某人一向。normal正常的；正常的；ordinary普通普通的；的；common常见的。这几个词都没有这种搭配。常见的。这几个词都没有这种搭配。2024/5/226.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。的生活态度。(1)concentrate2024/5/22品味经典品味经典We should concentrate on our study.我们应当集中精力学习。我们应当集中精力学习。The governments new plan is to concentrate industries in areas of high unemployment.政府新的计划是将工业集中于失业率高的地区。政府新的计划是将工业集中于失业率高的地区。2024/5/22自我探究自我探究concentrate vt.集中；聚集。集中；聚集。concentrate on集中；集中；全神贯注于。全神贯注于。2024/5/22归纳拓展归纳拓展2024/5/22We must concentrate our efforts on improving education.我们必须致力于改进教育工作。我们必须致力于改进教育工作。A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。2024/5/22牛刀小试牛刀小试完成句子完成句子(1)Stop talking and _(专心工作专心工作)答案：答案：concentrate on your work(2)I decided to_(全力全力以赴以赴)finding somewhere to live.答案：答案：concentrate all my efforts on2024/5/22(3)(2011年年濮濮阳阳高高二二检检测测)Teenagers should by all means _ their studies though there are a lot of attractions around them.Adevote to Bfix onCconcentrate on Dkeep on解解析析：选选C。devote后后常常跟跟宾宾语语energy，time等等，再再加加介介词词to；选选项项B若若改改为为fix their attention on也也可可选选；concentrate on sth.专专心心干干某某事事；keep on doing sth.继继续续干干某某事事。句句意意：中中学学生生无无论论如如何何应应专专心于学心于学习习，尽管周，尽管周围围有大量的有大量的诱诱惑物。惑物。(2)adopt多多项选择2024/5/22品味经典品味经典In the meeting，all the workers agreed to adopt a new idea to reform the factory.会议中，所有员工都同意采纳新意见以改革工会议中，所有员工都同意采纳新意见以改革工厂。厂。Sally was adopted when she was four.萨利萨利4岁时被人收养。岁时被人收养。2024/5/22自我探究自我探究adopt vt.采用；采纳；采取；收养。采用；采纳；采取；收养。2024/5/22归纳拓展归纳拓展2024/5/22巧学助记巧学助记The adopted boy soon adapted to his new family.这个被收养的男孩很快适应了他的新家庭。这个被收养的男孩很快适应了他的新家庭。2024/5/22牛刀小试牛刀小试(4)(2011年合肥高二检测年合肥高二检测)My camera can be _ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.Aadopted BadjustedCfit Drevised解析：选解析：选B。考查词语辨析。句意：我的相机可以。考查词语辨析。句意：我的相机可以进行调节以便在阴天或晴天的状况下进行拍摄。进行调节以便在阴天或晴天的状况下进行拍摄。adjust“调节；调整调节；调整”，符合语境。，符合语境。adopt“采用、收采用、收养养”，fit“适合适合”，revise“修订；校订修订；校订”都不符合语境。都不符合语境。2024/5/227.Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings，so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.富人们想拥有自己的绘画并用来装饰自己的高级富人们想拥有自己的绘画并用来装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。宫殿和豪宅。2024/5/22品味经典品味经典The country possesses rich mineral deposits.这个国家拥有丰富的矿藏。这个国家拥有丰富的矿藏。自我探究自我探究possess vt.拥有；具有；支配。拥有；具有；支配。2024/5/22归纳拓展归纳拓展2024/5/22Her possessions could fit in one suitcase.她的全部财物可以装在一个手提箱内。她的全部财物可以装在一个手提箱内。He is in possession of the house.他拥有这套房他拥有这套房子。子。The possession of a degree does not guarantee you a job.拥有一个学位不能保证你找到工作。拥有一个学位不能保证你找到工作。2024/5/22易混辨析易混辨析possess，own2024/5/22牛刀小试牛刀小试完成句子完成句子(1)富人与其说是财产的占有者，不如说是被财产富人与其说是财产的占有者，不如说是被财产占有。占有。The rich are rather _by their _than _.答案：答案：possessed；possessions；possessors2024/5/22多多项选择(2)Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still _ the traditional customs.Aperform BpossessCobserve Dsupport解解析析：选C。考考查词语辨辨析析。根根据据语境境“很很多多中中国国人人虽然然在在国国外外生生活活了了很很多多年年，但但是是他他们还是是保保持持传统的的习惯和和风俗俗。”应选C项。observe指指遵遵守守法法律律、习俗俗、规 章章 等等。perform“表表 演演；履履 行行；执 行行”，possess“拥有有”，support“支持支持”都不符合都不符合语境。境。2024/5/228.When people first saw his paintings，they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.当人们第一次看到他的画时，他们深信他们是透当人们第一次看到他的画时，他们深信他们是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景。过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景。2024/5/22品味经典品味经典I was convinced(sure)(that)we were doing the right thing.我相信我们做的事情是正确的我相信我们做的事情是正确的自我探究自我探究convince vt.使确信；使相信。使确信；使相信。convinced adj.坚坚信不疑的；信不疑的；convincing adj.令人信服的。令人信服的。2024/5/22归纳拓展归纳拓展2024/5/22How can I convince you of her honesty?我怎样才能使你相信她的诚实呢？我怎样才能使你相信她的诚实呢？We convinced Anne to go by train rather than by plane.我们说服了安妮放弃乘飞机而坐火车走。我们说服了安妮放弃乘飞机而坐火车走。What she said convinced me that I was mistaken.她的一番话使我认识到我错了。她的一番话使我认识到我错了。He convinced me that I should study law.他劝我应该学法律。他劝我应该学法律。2024/5/22易混辨析易混辨析convince，persuade2024/5/22牛刀小试牛刀小试完成句子完成句子(1)Scientists _(深信深信)the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.答案：答案：are convinced of2024/5/22多多项选择(2)He couldnt _ his father that John was telling the truth.Aconvince BbelieveCadmit Ddisplay解解析析：选A。考考查动词辨辨析析。句句意意：他他无无法法使使他他父父亲相相信信约翰翰说的的是是事事实。convince使使信信服服，说服服，常常用用于于convince sb.of sth./that；I believe不不能能用用于于believe sb.that.结构构；admit“承承认；允允许进入入；接接纳”；display“陈列，展列，展览；显示示”。2024/5/229.By coincidence，oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.巧合的是油画颜料在这一时期也得到了发展，这巧合的是油画颜料在这一时期也得到了发展，这使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。2024/5/22品味经典品味经典By coincidence，we will take the same bus back home.真是巧合，我们要搭同趟车回家。真是巧合，我们要搭同趟车回家。By a curious coincidence，my husband and I have the same birthday.说来也巧，我丈夫和我同一天生日。说来也巧，我丈夫和我同一天生日。自我探究自我探究by coincidence 意为巧合地。意为巧合地。2024/5/22归纳拓展归纳拓展2024/5/22Do you think he did it on purpose or by accident?你认为他那样做是有意的还是无意的？你认为他那样做是有意的还是无意的？牛刀小试牛刀小试完成句子完成句子(1)我只是碰巧找到的。我只是碰巧找到的。I only found it _.答案：答案：by accident2024/5/22(2)银银行行遭遭劫劫时时，有有人人看看到到他他的的汽汽车车正正在在附附近近，这这绝绝不是巧合。不是巧合。_his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.答案：答案：It is not a coincidence that(3)我准我准备备下周去巴黎。下周去巴黎。Im going to Paris next week.真巧！我也去。真巧！我也去。_！So am I.答案：答案：What a coincidence2024/5/2210.In the late 19th century，Europe changed a great deal，from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.19世纪晚期，欧洲发生了巨大变化，从以农业为世纪晚期，欧洲发生了巨大变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。2024/5/22品味经典品味经典We are living close to each other，so I see him a great deal.我们住的近，我经常碰到他。我们住的近，我经常碰到他。He has given me a great deal of help.他给了我很多帮助。他给了我很多帮助。He ate a great deal for lunch today.他今天中午吃的很多。他今天中午吃的很多。She ran a great deal faster than I.她跑得比我快得多。她跑得比我快得多。2024/5/22自我探究自我探究a great deal(名词短语名词短语)大量，许多，在句中作主大量，许多，在句中作主语、宾语。语、宾语。a great/good deal(副词短语副词短语)可用于形可用于形容词、副词比较级前加强程度，也可用来修饰动容词、副词比较级前加强程度，也可用来修饰动词作状语。词作状语。2024/5/22归纳拓展归纳拓展2024/5/22牛刀小试牛刀小试(2011年西安高二检测年西安高二检测)How do you like his new novel?It is _ interesting than I expected.Aa great deal much Ba great deal of moreCa great deal of much Da great deal more解析：选解析：选D。考查短语辨析。根据语境。考查短语辨析。根据语境“比我预计比我预计的有趣得多的有趣得多”可知应用比较级，排除可知应用比较级，排除A、C。a great deal用作副词，修饰动词或形容词和副词的用作副词，修饰动词或形容词和副词的比较级时不加比较级时不加of。故选。故选D。2024/5/2211.On the one hand，some modern art is abstract；that is，the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes，but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object，using colour，line and shape to represent them.一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。条和形状把它们呈现出来。2024/5/22品味经典品味经典She will attempt to beat the world record.她决心要打破世界纪录。她决心要打破世界纪录。He made one last attempt at breaking the world record.他为破世界纪录作了最后一次努力。他为破世界纪录作了最后一次努力。自我探究自我探究attempt vt.尝试；企图尝试；企图 n努力；尝试；企图。努力；尝试；企图。2024/5/22归纳拓展归纳拓展2024/5/22The prisoners attempted an escape，but failed.囚犯企图逃跑，但是失败了。囚犯企图逃跑，但是失败了。The boys made an attempt to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents.孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母们拦住了。孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母们拦住了。I passed my driving test at my first attempt.我考汽车驾驶执照时第一次就通过了。我考汽车驾驶执照时第一次就通过了。2024/5/22易混辨析易混辨析attempt，try，manage(1)attempt正式用语，常指一次的而不是继续的尝正式用语，常指一次的而不是继续的尝试，常包含试，常包含“冒险冒险”之意，而且常暗含不成功之意，之意，而且常暗含不成功之意，常用作名词或动词。常用作名词或动词。(2)try通俗用语，尝试的目的是证明或检验某事，通俗用语，尝试的目的是证明或检验某事，或者是指为成功做某事而付出努力或花费一定代价，或者是指为成功做某事而付出努力或花费一定代价，后接不定式表示后接不定式表示“试图做某事试图做某事”，后接，后接v.ing形式，形式，表示表示“试着做某事试着做某事”。(3)manage“成功地做成某事成功地做成某事”，强调结果。，强调结果。2024/5/22He didnt pass the exam，but it was a good attempt.他虽然没有通过考试，但他做了很大的努力。他虽然没有通过考试，但他做了很大的努力。try new teaching methods 试验新教法试验新教法He is trying his best to understand her meaning.他正在尽力弄明白她的意思。他正在尽力弄明白她的意思。I finally managed to find the book I was looking for.我终于找到了一直在找的书。我终于找到了一直在找的书。2024/5/22牛刀小试牛刀小试完成句子完成句子(1)The little boy，_(已经两次试图已经两次试图)to climb over the fence of the garden，decided to have another try.答案：答案：having made two attempts2024/5/22多多项选择(2)A man is being questioned in relation to the _murder last night.Aadvise BattendedCattempted Dadmitted解解析析：选C。句句意意为：一一个个人人正正在在接接受受(警警察察)有有关关昨昨晚晚故故意意杀人人事事件件的的询问。attempted意意为“未未遂遂的，意的，意图的的”。2024/5/2212.On the other hand，some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.另另一一方方面面，有有些些现现代代派派的的作作品品却却是是那那么么真真实实，看看上去就像是照片。上去就像是照片。2024/5/22品味经典品味经典He is an able man，but on the other hand he is too proud.他是一个有能力的人，但是另一方面，他太自负他是一个有能力的人，但是另一方面，他太自负了。了。On the one hand I want to sell the house，but on the other hand I cant bear the thought of moving.一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面我又不愿搬一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面我又不愿搬家。家。2024/5/22自我探究自我探究on the other hand意为：意为：另一方面。另一方面。On(the)one hand.，on the other hand.(引出不同的，尤指对引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等立的观点、思想等)一方面一方面，另一方面，另一方面(却却)。2024/5/22归纳拓展归纳拓展2024/5/22She was at a loss.On one hand she loved him；on the other hand she didnt want to make her parents angry.她不知所措了。一方面她爱他，另一方面她不她不知所措了。一方面她爱他，另一方面她不想让父母生气。想让父母生气。Firstly，I would like to thank everyone who has contributed to this success.首先，我要感谢对这次成功做出贡献的每一个首先，我要感谢对这次成功做出贡献的每一个人。人。2024/5/22For one thing its too late；for another Im tired.一方面天晚了，另一方面我也累了。一方面天晚了，另一方面我也累了。Im not going to buy it；for one thing I dont like the color，and for another its far too expensive.我不买这东西；一是我不喜欢这颜色，二是太贵我不买这东西；一是我不喜欢这颜色，二是太贵了。了。2024/5/22牛刀小试牛刀小试I would like a job which pays more，but _I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment.Ain other words Bon the other handCfor one thing Das a matter of fact解析：选解析：选B。考查短语辨析。句意：我想有一份报酬。考查短语辨析。句意：我想有一份报酬更高的工作，但是另一方面，我又很喜欢现在的工更高的工作，但是另一方面，我又很喜欢现在的工作。根据作。根据but前后的内容可知，前后分句构成的是对前后的内容可知，前后分句构成的是对比关系，故用比关系，故用on the other hand来表示对比。来表示对比。in other words意为意为“换句话说换句话说”；for one thing意为意为“一一则则”，常与，常与for another thing连用；连用；as a matter of fact意为意为“事实上事实上”。2024/5/2213.Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.在在这这些些脱脱离离传传统统绘绘画画风风格格的的画画家家中中就就有有生生活活和和工工作作在巴黎的印象派在巴黎的印象派艺术艺术家家们们。句型巧析句型巧析2024/5/22品味经典品味经典Sitting at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes.一个腼腆的长着两只大眼睛的女孩坐在屋子的后一个腼腆的长着两只大眼睛的女孩坐在屋子的后面。面。Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.妇女受歧视的年代一去不复返了。妇女受歧视的年代一去不复返了。Such would be our life in the future.我们未来的生活就是这样的。我们未来的生活就是这样的。2024/5/22自我探究自我探究此句是一个倒装句，正常语序应为此句是一个倒装句，正常语序应为The Impressionists who lived and worked in Paris were among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting.此句为表语部分提此句为表语部分提前而引起的倒装。表语置于句首，主语是名词时，前而引起的倒装。表语置于句首，主语是名词时，要引起倒装。要引起倒装。2024/5/22归纳拓展归纳拓展2024/5/22牛刀小试牛刀小试完成句子完成句子紧挨着它的是另一家宾馆，我们能在那里呆一周。紧挨着它的是另一家宾馆，我们能在那里呆一周。_ where we can stay for a week.答案：答案：Next to it is another hotel2024/5/22译文助读译文助读A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTINGArt is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.Styles in Western art have changed many times.As there are so many different styles of Western art，it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text.Consequently，this text will describe only the most important ones，starting from the sixth century AD.The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD)2024/5/22During the Middle Ages，the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were.A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols，which created a feeling of respect and love for God.But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.The Renaissance(15th to 16th century)2024/5/22During the Renaissance，new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art.They tried to paint people and nature as they really were.Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings，so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves，their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.2024/5/22One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective.This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428.When people first saw his paintings，they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.If the rules of perspective had not been discovered，no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.By coincidence，oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.Without the new paints and the new technique，we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.2024/5/22西方西方绘画画艺术简史史艺术是受一个民族生活是受一个民族生活习俗和信仰俗和信仰(faith)的影响的影响的。西方的的。西方的艺术风格格经历了多次了多次变革。由于西方革。由于西方的的艺术风格多种多格多种多样，在短短的一篇，在短短的一篇课文里不可文里不可能能进行全面的描述。因此行全面的描述。因此(consequently)，本文只，本文只谈及公元及公元6世世纪以来最主要的几种以来最主要的几种艺术风格。格。中世中世纪(公元公元5世世纪到到15世世纪)在中世在中世纪，画家的主要目的，画家的主要目的(aim)是把宗教的主是把宗教的主题表表现出来。一个出来。一个传统的的(conventional)艺术家无意家无意于如于如实地展地展现自然和人物。自然和人物。2024/5/22这个时期的典型的这个时期的典型的(typical)绘画充满了宗教的特征，绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的敬重与热爱。但是，很显然体现出了对上帝的敬重与热爱。但是，很显然(evident)到了到了13世纪时，观念发生了变化，像乔托世纪时，观念发生了变化，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种比较现实的风格来描绘宗教这样的画家开始以一种比较现实的风格来描绘宗教场景。场景。文艺复兴时期文艺复兴时期(15世纪到世纪到16世纪世纪)在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取而采取(adopt)一种更人性化的一种更人性化的(humanistic)生活态生活态度。同时画家们回到了罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念度。同时画家们回到了罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实地画出人物和自然。富人们想拥上。他们力争如实地画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有有(possess)自己的绘画并用来装饰自己的高级自己的绘画并用来装饰自己的高级(superb)宫殿和豪宅。宫殿和豪宅。2024/5/22他们出钱聘请著名艺术家来为自己画像，画自己的他们出钱聘请著名艺术家来为自己画像，画自己的房屋和财物房屋和财物(possession)，以及他们的活动和成就。，以及他们的活动和成就。在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法(perspective)来画出事物。这一方法来画出事物。这一方法(technique)是是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果透视法没有被发现，场景，并对此深信不疑。如果透视法没有被发现，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是(by coincidence)这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，它使这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，它使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的料和新的(绘画绘画)手法，我们就不会看到很多这一时代手法，我们就不会看到很多这一时代伟大的杰作伟大的杰作(masterpiece)。2024/5/22Impressionism(late 19th to early 20th century)In the late 19th century，Europe changed a great deal，from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities.There were many new inventions and social changes.Naturally，these changes also led to new painting styles.Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.2024/5/22The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day.However,because natural light changes so quickly，the Impressionists had to paint quickly.Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters.At first，many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it.They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.Modern Art(20th century to today)2024/5/22At the time they were created，the Impressionist paintings were controversial，but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call“modern art”This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways.There are scores of modern art styles，but without the Impressionists，many of these painting styles might not exist.On the one hand，so