中考英语宾语从句课件

宾语从句 宾语从句 We know him We know he likes English.主主s s主主s s谓谓v v谓谓v v宾宾o o宾宾o o当句子中的宾语是由句子充当的，就叫这个句子叫当句子中的宾语是由句子充当的，就叫这个句子叫宾语从句宾语从句主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o简单句简单句复合句复合句 什么 是宾语从句？试比较句子结构：主句句子结构：主句 +引导词（连词）引导词（连词）+宾语从句宾语从句 We know him We know he li宾语从句的三要素引导词语序时态宾语从句的三要素引导词语序时态一、宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的种类有三种：陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句宾语从句的引导词的选择和从句的种类有关。宾语从句的引导词有：that,wetherif,wh-特殊疑问词特殊疑问词一、宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的种类有三种：陈述句、一般疑问句引导词 that that 作引导词，它所引导的宾语从句是由陈述句转换过来的，表示陈述一件事。that 在句中无意义，可不翻译。在口语或非正式文体中可省略。1.He said,“life is better than before”.2.He says,“Tom is a good student”.He said that life was better than before.He says that Tom is a good student.注意注意当当that 引导的从句主语为引导的从句主语为that时，引导词时，引导词that不不能省略能省略主句和从句之间有插入语时，引导词主句和从句之间有插入语时，引导词that不能省不能省略略引导词 that that 作引导词，它所引导的宾语从句是引导词 whether、ifwhetherif 作引导词，它所引导的宾语从句是由一般疑问句转换过来的，一般疑问句变成宾语从句之后，语序由倒装语序变成陈述语序，句末标点由主句决定。whether，if不能省略。1.She asked,“Do they often come here early?”2.“Will they go to visit the Great Wall?”he asked.She asked if/whether they often came here early.He asked if/whether they would go to visit the Great Wall.引导词 whether、ifwhetherif 作引导词，If 与与whether 的区别的区别1.I dont know _ he will come or not.2.I dont care of _ he is handsome.3.He wondered _ to stay here the next week.4._ he will come is not decided.与与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whetherIf 与whether 的区别I dont know _由连接代词 who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词 where,how,why,when作引导词的宾语从句是特殊疑问句。这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份，不能省略。e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is?（谁的，作从句定语）（谁的，作从句定语）2)Could you tell me why the train is late?（为什么，作从句的状语）（为什么，作从句的状语）3)He asked who could answer the question.（谁，作从句的主语）（谁，作从句的主语）由连接代词 who,whom,whose,which,wha 语序语序 宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序：主句主句+引导词引导词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他其他 1.陈述句陈述句基本不变基本不变He said,“Lucy is younger than Tom”.He said(that)Lucy was younger than Tom.He says(that)Tom is a good student.He says,“Tom is a good student.”问句问句还原为还原为陈述语序陈述语序be动词、情态动词及助动词动词、情态动词及助动词(包包have/has)放到放到从句主语之后从句主语之后;助动词助动词do/does/did 应删去应删去,谓谓语动词根据实际情况而变。语动词根据实际情况而变。1.Who is Jim waiting for?I know 2.Can Lily carry the basket?I know 3.Where did Anna go yesterday?I knowJim is waiting for.Lily can carry the basket.Anna went the day before.whowhether/ifwhere 问句还原为陈述语序 宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态I hear(that)Jim (be)a worker two years ago.Jim (be)an English teacher now.Jim (cook)dinner tomorrow.Jim (sing)a popular song now.Jim (be)to the Great Wall twice.Jim (play)basketball when his father came back.Jim (learn)1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester.wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）宾语从句的时态I hear1)He will go to Hong Kong.2)He is sick.3)He is reading a book.4)He has finished his work.1)He to Hong Kong.2)He sick.3)He a book.4)HeHe saidwould go waswas reading his work.had finished 当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）1)He will go to Hong Kong.1)确定从句的时态确定从句的时态(根据主句时态根据主句时态)主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连 接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)主句时态从 句 时could/wouldcould/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。注意事项注意事项1.Could you please tell me where we show our tickets?2.Would you like to know when he will come back?could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，注意事项 宾语从句与简单句的转换宾语从句与简单句的转换当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose 等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。eg:I hope that I can receive your e-mail.I hope to receive your e-mail 宾语从句与简单句的转换 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是动词是know,remember,forget,learn 等时，从句可简化等时，从句可简化为为“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”结构。结构。eg:She doesnt know what she should do next.She doesnt know_.what to do next 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动 当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach 等时从等时从句可简化为句可简化为“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”结构结构。eg:Will you please show me how I can work it out?Will you please show me _.how to work it out 当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,否定前移否定前移在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。eg:I dont think he will come with you.注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。eg:I dont believe he has finished the work,_?He knew why Jim wasnt at school,_?has hedidnt he 否定前移ha、人称的变化、人称的变化一一随随主主二随宾二随宾第三第三人称人称不变不变引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句主语的人称保句主语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第三人引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称在变间引后人称不变称不变She said,“I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,“you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me,“They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新、人称的变化一二随宾第三引号内的第一人引号内的第二人引号内 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示指示代词代词 时时 间间 状状 语语 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向性动词 this,that,these those now,then,today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next/following daynext month the next/following month here there come,go,bring take 情态动词情态动词 can,may,must could,might,had to 直接引语 间接引语指示代词 时 间 状 语 地点状语 方宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素引导词引导词that（陈述句）（陈述句）ifwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句）特殊疑问词特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句（特殊疑问句)时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理客观真理 自然现象自然现象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 时态不变时态不变宾语从句三要素引导词that（陈述句）ifwhether（