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The Italian Renaissance-Key Concepts-5/19/20245/19/2024The Italian Renaissance-Key CoI.Why in Italy at this Time?n nRevival of Commerce and Revival of Commerce and Town Building was more Town Building was more intense in Italyintense in Italyn nFeudalism had less of a Feudalism had less of a grip on Italygrip on Italyn nTwo competing lords for Two competing lords for control of Italy were control of Italy were losing influencelosing influencen nPresence of antiquity was Presence of antiquity was stronger in Italy than stronger in Italy than elsewhere in Europeelsewhere in Europe5/19/20245/19/2024I.Why in Italy at this Time?II.European Economic Recoveryn nDramatic recovery of Dramatic recovery of European commerceEuropean commercen nImportant industries Important industries flourish in Northern Italyflourish in Northern Italyn nThe significance of The significance of printing and mining as printing and mining as new industriesnew industriesn nThe fifteenth-century The fifteenth-century banking empire of the banking empire of the Medici family in FlorenceMedici family in Florence5/19/20245/19/2024II.European Economic RecoverIII.Renaissance Economicsn nProfit-making became Profit-making became more important than more important than Church doctrineChurch doctrinen nTo overcome guilt,profit-To overcome guilt,profit-makers indulge in makers indulge in philanthropyphilanthropyn nInfluence of guilds Influence of guilds decliningdecliningn nHigh profits led to High profits led to economic diversificationeconomic diversification5/19/20245/19/2024III.Renaissance EconomicsProIII.Renaissance Economics(cont)n n“Cottage Industry”“Cottage Industry”n nArt became the way Art became the way to advertise economic to advertise economic successsuccessn nIntensified Intensified commercial commercial competition created competition created the need to be the need to be efficientefficient5/19/20245/19/2024III.Renaissance Economics(cIV.Renaissance Societyn nRenaissance is an elitist Renaissance is an elitist historical phenomenonhistorical phenomenonn nNorthern Italy was urban Northern Italy was urban and commercial while and commercial while Southern Italy mostly was Southern Italy mostly was notnotn nVery family-oriented Very family-oriented societysocietyn nMarriages were frequently Marriages were frequently arranged to strengthen arranged to strengthen business tiesbusiness ties5/19/20245/19/2024IV.Renaissance SocietyRenaisIV.Renaissance Society(cont)n nFathers authority over his Fathers authority over his familyfamilyn nSome wealthy women Some wealthy women played an important role played an important role in Italian city-statesin Italian city-states-Isabella dEste of-Isabella dEste of MantuaMantuan nConcentration of wealth Concentration of wealth among great familiesamong great families-“populo grosso”-“populo grosso”5/19/20245/19/2024IV.Renaissance Society(contIV.Renaissance Society(cont)n nExtreme social Extreme social stratification divided into stratification divided into factions around the factions around the wealthiest familieswealthiest familiesn nPoor increasingly Poor increasingly attempting to improve attempting to improve their social statustheir social status-The Ciompi Revolt-The Ciompi Revolt(1378)(1378)-“populo minuto”-“populo minuto”n n“The Cult of the“The Cult of the Individual”Individual”5/19/20245/19/2024IV.Renaissance Society(contIV.Renaissance Society(cont)n nNumber of portraits Number of portraits painted during this era painted during this era illustrates focus on the illustrates focus on the individualindividualn nA true noblemanA true noblemann nGrowing humanism and Growing humanism and secularism in a Christian secularism in a Christian contextcontextn nFocus on mans free willFocus on mans free willn nRewards for living Rewards for living excellently came in this excellently came in this lifelife5/19/20245/19/2024IV.Renaissance Society(contV.Renaissance Politicsn nSame pattern and Same pattern and problems as those of the problems as those of the Greek city-statesGreek city-statesn nInter-city warfare led to Inter-city warfare led to new advances in new advances in diplomacydiplomacy-“balance of power”-“balance of power”n nNorthern Italian Northern Italian“communes”“communes”n nThe Peace of Lodi(1454)The Peace of Lodi(1454)5/19/20245/19/2024V.Renaissance PoliticsSame pV.Renaissance Politics(cont)n nRome,Venice,Milan,Rome,Venice,Milan,Florence,and the Florence,and the Kingdom of NaplesKingdom of Naplesn nRenaissance VeniceRenaissance Venicen nRenaissance FlorenceRenaissance Florence-Lorenzo the Magnificent-Lorenzo the Magnificent(1449-1492)(1449-1492)n n1300s republicanism 1300s republicanism became 1400s became 1400s despotismwith the despotismwith the exception of Veniceexception of Venice5/19/20245/19/2024V.Renaissance Politics(contV.Renaissance Politics(cont)n nAncient and Ancient and contemporary examples contemporary examples of effective political of effective political leadersleaders-Cesare Borgia-Cesare Borgian nA new realism in political A new realism in political thoughtthoughtn n1400s“Civic”humanism1400s“Civic”humanismn nLeonardo Brunis Leonardo Brunis The The New CiceroNew Ciceron nHenry VIII as a Henry VIII as a Renaissance princeRenaissance prince5/19/20245/19/2024V.Renaissance Politics(contVI.Renaissance Art and Architecturen nThe proliferation of The proliferation of portraiture and its portraiture and its significancesignificancen nThe depiction of nudesThe depiction of nudesn nNudity in medieval artNudity in medieval artn nImitation of nature was a Imitation of nature was a primary goalprimary goaln nPagan scenes and myths Pagan scenes and myths were popular subjects were popular subjects with no apologies to the with no apologies to the ChurchChurch5/19/20245/19/2024VI.Renaissance Art and ArchiVI.Renaissance Art and Architecture(cont)n nBoticellis“Birth of Venus”Boticellis“Birth of Venus”n nGiottos admiration for Giottos admiration for Saint FrancisSaint Francisn nStatus of artist is elevated Status of artist is elevated to cultural heroto cultural heron nRenaissance art stressed Renaissance art stressed proportion,balance and proportion,balance and harmonyand was not harmonyand was not otherworldlyotherworldlyn nArtistic problems of Artistic problems of perspective and perspective and composition addressedcomposition addressed5/19/20245/19/2024VI.Renaissance Art and ArchiVI.Renaissance Art and Architecture(cont)n nThese problems were These problems were solved by emphasizing solved by emphasizing the mathematical side of the mathematical side of paintingpainting-Brunelleschis“linear-Brunelleschis“linear perspective”perspective”n nInnovations in Innovations in Renaissance paintingRenaissance painting-“chiaroscuro”-“chiaroscuro”-“sfumato”-“sfumato”5/19/20245/19/2024VI.Renaissance Art and Archi5/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/2023VI.Renaissance Art and Architecture(cont)n nDifferences between Differences between Italian and Northern Italian and Northern European paintingEuropean painting-Italian frescoes vs.-Italian frescoes vs.Northern European altar Northern European altar piecespiecesn nVan Eycks oil paintingsVan Eycks oil paintingsn nRome became the center Rome became the center of the High Renaissance of the High Renaissance(1480-1520)(1480-1520)5/19/20245/19/2024VI.Renaissance Art and ArchiVI.Renaissance Art and Architecture(cont)n nRaphael(1483-1520)Raphael(1483-1520)n nMan of great Man of great sensitivity and sensitivity and kindnesskindnessn nDied at the age of 37Died at the age of 37n n“The School of“The School of Athens”Athens”n nFamous for frescoes Famous for frescoes in the Vatican Palacein the Vatican Palace5/19/20245/19/2024VI.Renaissance Art and Archi5/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/2023VI.Renaissance Art and Architecture(cont)n nLeonardo Da Vinci Leonardo Da Vinci(1452-1519)(1452-1519)n nTrue Renaissance ManTrue Renaissance Mann nScientist,inventor,Scientist,inventor,engineer and engineer and naturalistnaturalistn nDissected CorpsesDissected Corpsesn nShort attention spanShort attention span5/19/20245/19/2024VI.Renaissance Art and Archi5/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/2023VI.Renaissance Art and Architecture(cont)n nMichelangeloMichelangelon nNeo-PlatonistNeo-Platonistn nCeiling of the Sistine Ceiling of the Sistine ChapelChapeln nConflict with Pope Conflict with Pope Julius IIJulius IIn nIncredible energy and Incredible energy and enduranceendurancen n“Mannerism”“Mannerism”5/19/20245/19/2024VI.Renaissance Art and Archi5/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/20235/19/20245/19/20248/3/2023VI.Renaissance Art and Architecture(cont)n nMannerisms greatest Mannerisms greatest representative:El representative:El Greco(1541-1614)Greco(1541-1614)n nRomanesque Romanesque architecture was architecture was revived in revived in Renaissance building Renaissance building projectsprojectsn nBrunelleschis Church Brunelleschis Church of San Lorenzoof San Lorenzo5/19/20245/19/2024VI.Renaissance Art and ArchiVII.Renaissance Education and Philosophyn nHumanistic ageHumanistic agen nVarious types of Various types of humanismhumanismn nGreat fervor displayed in Great fervor displayed in finding and collecting old finding and collecting old documentsdocumentsn nLeads to critical Leads to critical examination of examination of documentsdocuments-Lorenzo Valla-Lorenzo Vallan nEducation produces moral Education produces moral upliftuplift5/19/20245/19/2024VII.Renaissance Education anVII.Renaissance Education and Philosophy(cont)n nA true liberal educationA true liberal educationn nHumanist education for Humanist education for womenwomenn nLove for the study of Love for the study of history most of allhistory most of alln nA Greek language fad A Greek language fad after 1454after 1454n nPetrarch(1304-1374):Petrarch(1304-1374):the Father of Italian the Father of Italian Renaissance humanismRenaissance humanismn nFocus on the individual Focus on the individual and his dignityand his dignity5/19/20245/19/2024VII.Renaissance Education anVII.Renaissance Education and Philosophy(cont)n nFirst influenced secondary First influenced secondary educationeducationn nExtreme vanity of Extreme vanity of Renaissance scholarsRenaissance scholarsn nThe importance of law The importance of law and rhetoric in and rhetoric in Renaissance educationRenaissance educationn nClassical political ideals Classical political ideals were cultivatedwere cultivatedn nKnowledge needed to be Knowledge needed to be usefuluseful5/19/20245/19/2024VII.Renaissance Education anVII.Renaissance Philosophy(cont)n nRenaissance philosophy Renaissance philosophy flourishes during Greek flourishes during Greek revival after 1450revival after 1450n nMarsilio Ficino(1433-Marsilio Ficino(1433-1499)1499)n nThe teachings of The teachings of HermeticismHermeticismn nGiovanni Pico Mirandola Giovanni Pico Mirandola(1463-1494)(1463-1494)-Oration on the Dignity Oration on the Dignity of Manof Man5/19/20245/19/2024VII.Renaissance Philosophy(VIII.The Renaissance Papacyn nLoss of influence over Loss of influence over European nation-statesEuropean nation-statesn nDecline in moral prestige Decline in moral prestige and leadershipand leadershipn nPope Julius II(1503-Pope Julius II(1503-1513)1513)n nPopes as patrons of Popes as patrons of Renaissance artRenaissance art-Leo X(1513-1521)-Leo X(1513-1521)n nNepotism used to Nepotism used to promote family interestpromote family interest5/19/20245/19/2024VIII.The Renaissance PapacyLIX.Spread of Humanism to the Rest of Europe(cont)n nPopular publications Popular publications in the early days of in the early days of the printing pressthe printing pressn nThomas MoreThomas More-UtopiaUtopia-Executed by Henry Executed by Henry VIII in 1535VIII in 1535n nErasmusDutch ErasmusDutch Christian HumanistChristian Humanist5/19/20245/19/2024IX.Spread of Humanism to theIX.Spread of Humanism to the Rest of Europe(cont)n nWilliam Shakespeare William Shakespeare(1564-1616)(1564-1616)-Globe Theater-Globe Theatern nShakespeare returns to Shakespeare returns to classical subjects and classical subjects and genresgenresn nHis history plays were the His history plays were the most popular at the timemost popular at the timen nMacbethMacbeth:ambition:ambitionn nHamletHamlet:individualism:individualismn nKeen sensitivity to sounds Keen sensitivity to sounds and meanings of wordsand meanings of words5/19/20245/19/2024IX.Spread of Humanism to the
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