互换性及技术测量之形位公差课件

互互换性及技性及技术测量之量之形位公差形位公差Data typeData type nameGeneral Geometric ToleranceForm 直线度直线度Straightness 平面度平面度Flatness圆度圆度Circularity圆柱度圆柱度CylindricityPro线轮廓度线轮廓度Line Profile面轮廓度面轮廓度Surface ProfileOrientation垂直度垂直度Perpendicularity倾斜度倾斜度Angularity平行度平行度ParallelismLocation对称度对称度Symmetry同轴度同轴度Concentricity位置度位置度PositionRun-out圆跳动圆跳动Circular Run-out全跳动全跳动Total Run-outTable 3.1 Tolerance types 公差种类公差种类3.3 Tolerance Frame with Symbol Identifications 公差框格的标注公差框格的标注The tolerance frame can be divided into two or more compartments.Fig.3.1.公差框格可以被分成两个或多个格子，如图公差框格可以被分成两个或多个格子，如图3.1所示。所示。3.3 Symbol of tolerance形位公差的要素特征形位公差的要素特征Feature Control Frame(Symbol)The feature control frame symbol is rectangular box containing the geometric characteristics symbol,and the form,run-out or location tolerance,If necessary,datum references and modifiers applicable to the feature or the datums are also contained in the box.用矩形框格来控制几何形状上的公差，用矩形框格来控制几何形状上的公差，包括形状、位置和跳动公差，基准符号和公差原则也可标注在框包括形状、位置和跳动公差，基准符号和公差原则也可标注在框格内。格内。Fig.3.3 Tolerance value公差值公差值Fig.3.2 Symbol of tolerance 形位公差要素形位公差要素Fig.3.4 Indication of datum基准标注形式基准标注形式Fig.3.5 Additional frames框格的附加框格的附加说明明3.4 Positioning of Frames/Datum Lines3.4 Positioning of Frames/Datum Lines公差框格和基准引线的标注位置公差框格和基准引线的标注位置Fig.3.6 The Frames/datum lines is placed on a feature or on an extension of the outlineThe frame/datum line is placed on a feature or on an extension of the outline(but clearly separated from the dimension line)when the datum feature is the line or surface itself.当框格或基准是线或当框格或基准是线或面（轮廓要素）时，框格或基准的引线只需标在轮廓或轮廓的延长面（轮廓要素）时，框格或基准的引线只需标在轮廓或轮廓的延长线面上（一定要与尺寸线错开至少线面上（一定要与尺寸线错开至少4mm4mm）The frame/datum line is place on the extension of a dimension arrow when the frame/datum feature is the axis or medium line(Fig.3.7).当框格或基准是轴线或中当框格或基准是轴线或中心线（中心要素）时，框格或基准的引线要与尺寸线心线（中心要素）时，框格或基准的引线要与尺寸线箭头对齐，如图箭头对齐，如图3.73.7所示。所示。Fig.3.7 The datum/frame feature is the axis or medium lineThere are smoothers especial additional Frames/Datum lines(Fig.3.9):公差框格的特殊标注形式如图公差框格的特殊标注形式如图3.93.9所示所示Fig.3.9 Frame and datum3.5 The Tolerance Zone 3.5 The Tolerance Zone 公差带公差带The tolerance zone will be one of the following features(Fig.3.10):(1)The area within a circle.圆内区域圆内区域(2)The area between two circles.两同心圆间的区域两同心圆间的区域(3)The area between two equi-distant lines or between two parallel straight lines.两等距离或平行线间的区域两等距离或平行线间的区域Fig.3.10 3.5 The Tolerance Zone3.5 The Tolerance Zone公差带公差带 (4)The space within a cylinder.圆柱面内的区域圆柱面内的区域(5)The space between two coaxial cylinders.两同轴圆柱面内的两同轴圆柱面内的区域区域(6)The space between two equidistant surfaces or two parallel planes.两等距离或平行平面间的区域两等距离或平行平面间的区域 Fig.3.10 3.6 Geometrical Tolerance Examples1 直线度公差Straightnesst0.010.012 2、公差带形状、公差带形状距离为公差距离为公差值值0.010.01两平行平面之间的区域；两平行平面之间的区域；Tolerance zone between two parallel planes.Fig.3.13 straightness3.Value must be smaller than the size tolerance.公差框格含公差框格含义圆柱素柱素线的直的直线度度误差不超差不超过公差公差值0.0100.0101.1.直线度为实际直线度为实际被測要素被測要素(线线要素要素)对对理想直理想直线线的的允许变动允许变动.A straightness tolerance is the amount which line elements are permitted to vary from a true line.公公差差带带形形状状距距离离为为公公差差值值0.020.02的的两两平平行行直直线线之之间间的的区域。区域。1.Value must be smaller than the size tolerance.公差框格含公差框格含义平面内直平面内直线的直的直线度度误差不超差不超过公差公差值0.02。2.Tolerance zone between two straightness lines.STRAIGHTNESSValue must be smaller than the size tolerance.1.000 0.0020.001 1.000 0.0020.0010.001DesignMeaningTolerance zone between two straightness lines.Measured error is 0.001 空间的直线度空间的直线度Straightness0.040.041.1.公差框格含义公差框格含义圆柱轴线的直线度误差不超过圆柱轴线的直线度误差不超过0.040.04。2.The space within a cylinder.公差公差带形状形状直径直径为0.04的的圆柱面内的区域。柱面内的区域。Fig.3.18 straightness 2 2 平面度公差平面度公差Flatnesst0.010.013 3、平面度公差带、平面度公差带距离为公差值距离为公差值0.010.01mmmm的两平行平面间的的两平行平面间的区域。区域。A flatness tolerance zone is the distant between two parallel plane spaced apart a distance equal to the flatness tolerance value 0.01.2 2、公差框格含义、公差框格含义平面度误差不超过公差值平面度误差不超过公差值0.010.01mmmm。1.1.平面度为实际被测要素对理想平面平面度为实际被测要素对理想平面的的允许变动允许变动.A flatness tolerance is the amount which surface elements are permitted to vary from a true plane.Fig 3.211 1.圆度为实际圆度为实际被測要素被測要素对对理想理想圆圆的的允许变动允许变动.公差框格公差框格圆柱的圆度误差不超过公差值圆柱的圆度误差不超过公差值0.05.0.05.3 圆度公差Roundness2 2、圆度公差带、圆度公差带垂直于轴线的任一正截面上半径差为公差值垂直于轴线的任一正截面上半径差为公差值0.050.05mmmm的两同心圆之间的区域。的两同心圆之间的区域。t0.05A circularity tolerance is the amount which surface elements of the diameter may vary from a theoretical circle.A circularity tolerance zone is two concentric circles spaced apart a radial distance equal to the circularity tolerance value 0.05.Fig.3.241 1、圆柱度为实际、圆柱度为实际被測要素被測要素对对理想理想圆柱圆柱的的允许变动允许变动.0.050.053 3、圆柱度公差带、圆柱度公差带半径差为公差值半径差为公差值0.050.05mmmm的两同轴圆柱面之间的两同轴圆柱面之间区域。区域。A cylindricity tolerance zone is two concentric cylinders spaced apart a radial distance equal to the cylindricity tolerance value 0.05.A cylindricity tolerance is the amount which surface elements of a cylinder may be allowed to vary from a theoretically perfect cylinder.4 4 圆柱度圆柱度Cylindricity2 2、公差框格、公差框格圆柱度误差不超过公差值圆柱度误差不超过公差值0.050.05。Fig.3.25CYLINDRICITY 1.00 0.050.010.01Rotate in a VRotate between pointsTolerance zone bounded by two concentric cylinders within which the cylinder must lie.7 7 倾斜度公差倾斜度公差Angularity0.02 AA0.021.An angularity tolerance is the amount which a surface,centerplane,or axis is permitted to vary from its specified exact angle.2 2、公差带是距离为公差值、公差带是距离为公差值0.020.02mmmm的两平行平面之间区域，且平的两平行平面之间区域，且平行平面与基准成理论正确角度。行平面与基准成理论正确角度。2 2、公差框格、公差框格斜面相对于基准平面斜面相对于基准平面A A的倾斜度误差不超过公差的倾斜度误差不超过公差值值0.020.02。2.Tolerance zoneThe space between two parallel planes 0.02 apart and relative to datum plane A.8 8 垂直度公差垂直度公差Perpendicularity3.The tolerance zone is space within a cylinder which diameter is 0.05 and perpendicular to datum plane A.垂直度的公差带是直径等于公差值垂直度的公差带是直径等于公差值0.01mm0.01mm，且与基准面垂直的且与基准面垂直的圆柱体内的区域。圆柱体内的区域。1.A perpendicularity tolerance is the amount which a surface,or axis,or centerplane is permitted to vary from being perpendicular to the datum.2.公差框格公差框格被测轴线相对于基准被测轴线相对于基准平面平面A A的垂直度公差为的垂直度公差为0.050.05。Fig3.31(k)1.1.公公差差框框格格零零件件左左端端面面相相对对于于基基准准轴轴线线A A的的垂垂直直度度公公差差值值为为0.050.05。垂直度公差垂直度公差Perpendicularity2.Tolerance zone-The space between two parallel planes 0.05 apart and perpendicular to a specified datum axis A.垂垂直直度度公公差差带带是是距距离离为为公公差差值值0.050.05，且且垂垂直直于于基基准准轴轴线线的的两两平平行平面之间的区域。行平面之间的区域。Fig3.31(c)9 平行度公差ParallelismA0.01AAt0.011、ParallelismParallelism is the condition of a surface,line,or axis,which is equidistant at all,points from a datum plane or axis.平行度是控制平面、直线或轴线状态的一项指标，这些要平行度是控制平面、直线或轴线状态的一项指标，这些要素上所有点是与基准平面、轴线等距离的。素上所有点是与基准平面、轴线等距离的。3.Tolerance zone-The space between two parallel planes 0.01 apart and parallel to a specified datum plane A.公差带为公差带为距离为公差值距离为公差值0.010.01mmmm，且平行于基准且平行于基准A A的两平行平面间区域。的两平行平面间区域。2.2.公差框格公差框格零件右端面相对于零件右端面相对于左端面（基准平面左端面（基准平面A A）的平行度公差为）的平行度公差为0.01.0.01.Fig3.34(g)1.SymmetryA symmetry tolerance is the amount which a center element is permitted to vary.对称度公差为中心要素所允对称度公差为中心要素所允许变动的范围总和。许变动的范围总和。3.Tolerance zone-The space between two parallel planes 0.1 apart and relative to a specified datum plane A.公差带公差带距离为公差值距离为公差值0.10.1mmmm，且相对基准轴线对称配置的两且相对基准轴线对称配置的两平行平面之间的区域。平行平面之间的区域。10 10 对称度公差对称度公差Symmetry基准平面tt/2AA0.12.2.公差框格公差框格槽的对称中心面相对于过基准轴线的辅助平面的槽的对称中心面相对于过基准轴线的辅助平面的对称度公差为对称度公差为0.10.1。Fig3.36(a)11 位置度公差Position4-ABCCB0.11 1、PositionPosition is the theoretically exact location of a feature established by basic dimension.位置度是限制被测点线面位置度是限制被测点线面的实际位置对其理想位置变动量的一项指标。的实际位置对其理想位置变动量的一项指标。2.2.公差框格公差框格孔的轴线相对于第一、第二、第三基准的位置度公孔的轴线相对于第一、第二、第三基准的位置度公差为差为0.1.0.1.A3.3.The tolerance zoneSpace within a cylinder which diameter is 0.05 and axis in theoretically exact location.线的位置度公差带是直线的位置度公差带是直径为公差值径为公差值0.1mm0.1mm且以线的理想位置为轴线的圆柱面内的区域。且以线的理想位置为轴线的圆柱面内的区域。0.1AB CFig3.38(ef)12 12 同轴度公差同轴度公差Concentricity0.040.01AA1.ConcentricityCoaxial describes a condition where two or more features have the same axis or centerline.控制两个或多个要素具有相同的轴线或中心线。控制两个或多个要素具有相同的轴线或中心线。3.Tolerance zone is a cylindricity,whose diameter is 0.01 and axis is coincident with the datum axis,within which the axis of the considered feature-of-size must lie.同轴度公差带同轴度公差带是直径为公差值是直径为公差值0.01mm0.01mm，且与基准轴线同轴的圆柱面内区域。且与基准轴线同轴的圆柱面内区域。2.2.公差框格公差框格被测轴线相对于基准轴线被测轴线相对于基准轴线A A的同轴度公差值为的同轴度公差值为0.010.01。Fig3.39(a)13 13 园跳动公差园跳动公差Run-out0.050.05AA1 1、Run-outRun-out is the composite deviation from the desired form of a part surface of revolution through on full rotate(360 deg)of the part on a datum axis.园跳动是限制指定测量面内被测要素轮廓园的跳动的一项指标。园跳动是限制指定测量面内被测要素轮廓园的跳动的一项指标。2.Tolerance zone-Two coaxial circles whose centers are located on the datum axis.在垂直于基准轴线的任一测量平面内，半径差为公差值在垂直于基准轴线的任一测量平面内，半径差为公差值0.050.05mmmm，且圆心在基准轴线上的两个同心园之间的区域。且圆心在基准轴线上的两个同心园之间的区域。2.公差框格公差框格圆柱任意正截面上的轮廓相对于基准轴线圆柱任意正截面上的轮廓相对于基准轴线A A的径向的径向圆跳动公差值为圆跳动公差值为0.05.0.05.。Fig3.42(a)27端面圆跳动端面圆跳动公差带定义：公差带公差带定义：公差带是在与基准轴线同轴是在与基准轴线同轴的任一半径位置的测的任一半径位置的测量圆柱面上沿母线方量圆柱面上沿母线方向距离为公差值向距离为公差值t t的的圆柱面圆柱面。Aa)基准轴线测量圆柱面b)t0.05AFig3.42(c)斜向圆跳动斜向圆跳动公差带定义：公差带是公差带定义：公差带是在与基准轴线同轴，且在与基准轴线同轴，且母线垂直于被测表面的母线垂直于被测表面的任一测量圆锥面上，沿任一测量圆锥面上，沿母线方向距离为公差值母线方向距离为公差值t t的圆锥面。的圆锥面。测量圆锥面基准轴线tb公差带)A0.05A a标注)fFig3.42(e)14 全跳动公差Total Run-out0.051 1、Total Run-outTotal Run-out is a composite control affecting both the form and location of all surface elements simultaneously.全跳动是限制整个被测表面跳动的一项指标。全跳动是限制整个被测表面跳动的一项指标。3.A Total Run-out tolerance zone consists of two coaxial cylinders whose centers are located on the datum axis.公差带公差带是半径差为公差值是半径差为公差值0.050.05mmmm，且于基准轴线同轴的两圆柱面之间的且于基准轴线同轴的两圆柱面之间的区域。区域。基准A-B2 2、公差框格、公差框格圆柱整个轮廓相对于公共基准轴线圆柱整个轮廓相对于公共基准轴线A-BA-B的全跳动的全跳动公差值为公差值为0.050.05。Fig3.443.7 Principle of Tolerance3.7 Principle of Tolerance定义定义：处理尺寸公差和形位公差关系的规定。：处理尺寸公差和形位公差关系的规定。分类分类：1.1.独立原则独立原则 Regardless of Feature Regardless of Feature Size(RFS)Size(RFS)Principle of Principle of Independency(IP)Independency(IP)2.2.相关要求相关要求 Related requirementRelated requirement包容要求包容要求 Envelope requirement(ER)Envelope requirement(ER)可逆要求可逆要求 Reversible requirement(RR)Reversible requirement(RR)最大实体要求最大实体要求 Maximum Material Condition Maximum Material Condition(MMC/MMR)(MMC/MMR)最小实体要求最小实体要求 Least Material Condition Least Material Condition(LMC/LMR)(LMC/LMR)3.7.1 Supplementary Symbols补充特征符号补充特征符号1.Modifier-A modifier is the term used to describe the application of geometric principles.The principles include MMC,LMC,RFS,projected tolerance zone and diameter.修饰符号主要是用来描述几何形状公差的应用情况，修饰符号主要是用来描述几何形状公差的应用情况，公差原则包括最大实体要求、最小实体要求、独立原公差原则包括最大实体要求、最小实体要求、独立原则等，主要反应在公差带或直径处。则等，主要反应在公差带或直径处。Fig.3.45 Maximum Material PrincipleTolerance Framesymbol3.7.2 Maximum material condition(MMC)3.7.2 Maximum material condition(MMC)最大实体要求最大实体要求Maximum material condition(MMC)is that condition of a part feature wherein it contains the maximum amount of material within the stated limits of size.最大实体要求指的是在极限尺寸内材料量最多的一种特最大实体要求指的是在极限尺寸内材料量最多的一种特征状态。征状态。1.Maximummaterialsize 最大实体尺寸（最大实体尺寸（MMSMMS）2.That is:minimum hole size and maximum shaft size.即孔的最小极限尺寸尺寸和轴的最大极限尺寸。即孔的最小极限尺寸尺寸和轴的最大极限尺寸。Maximummaterialsize 最大实体尺寸（最大实体尺寸（MMSMMS）Fig.3.46 MMCExample：Fig.3.45 Maximum Material Principle3.MMC modifier-marking after tolerance value or datum.标注：公差值或基准要素后面标注标注：公差值或基准要素后面标注 。MM4.Concept:Permits greater possible tolerance as the part feature sizes vary from their calculated MMC.定义：当其实际尺寸偏离最大实体状态时，允许其形定义：当其实际尺寸偏离最大实体状态时，允许其形位误差值超出其给出的公差值，即形位误差值能得到位误差值超出其给出的公差值，即形位误差值能得到补偿。补偿。6.6.Maximummaterialvirtualboundary最大实体实效边界（最大实体实效边界（MMVBMMVB）5.5.virtual condition实效状态实效状态实际要素处于最大实体状态，同时形位误差等于给出实际要素处于最大实体状态，同时形位误差等于给出 的形位公差值时的一种状态。的形位公差值时的一种状态。7.7.Maximummaterialvirtualsize最大实体实效尺寸（最大实体实效尺寸（MMVSMMVS）Term 术语术语 （a）（b）(c)(d)Fig.3.47 MMVSFig.3.47 MMVS （c）（d）(c)(d)Fig.3.47 MMVSFig.3.47 MMVSFig.3.48 Straightness of MMCFig.3.49 Position of MMC8.Function 作用与功能作用与功能 Ensures interchangeability 满足装配互换要求满足装配互换要求9.Used 应用应用With interrelated features with respect to location 用于关于位置的关联要素用于关于位置的关联要素Size,such as,hole,slot,pin,etc.(center element)用于孔、槽、销等中心要素用于孔、槽、销等中心要素Use MMC for holes used in clearance fits 用于孔是间隙配合的场合用于孔是间隙配合的场合3.7.3 Least material condition(LMC)3.7.3 Least material condition(LMC)最小实体要求最小实体要求Least material condition(LMC)This term implies that condition of a part feature of size wherein it contains the least(the minimum)amount of material.最小实体要求指的是在极限尺寸内材料量最多的一种特最小实体要求指的是在极限尺寸内材料量最多的一种特征状态。征状态。1.Leastmaterialsize 最小实体尺寸（最小实体尺寸（LMSLMS）2.That is:The largest hole size and the smallest shaft size.即孔的最大极限尺寸尺寸和轴的最小极限尺寸。即孔的最大极限尺寸尺寸和轴的最小极限尺寸。Fig.3.50 LMC3.LMC modifier-marking after tolerance value or datum.标注：公差值或基准要素后面标注标注：公差值或基准要素后面标注 。LL4.Concept:Permits greater possible tolerance as the part feature sizes vary from their calculated LMC.定义：当其实际尺寸偏离最小实体状态时，允许其形定义：当其实际尺寸偏离最小实体状态时，允许其形位误差值超出其给出的公差值，即形位误差值能得到位误差值超出其给出的公差值，即形位误差值能得到补偿。补偿。6.6.Leastmaterialvirtualboundary最小实体实效边界（最小实体实效边界（LMVBLMVB）5.5.virtual condition实效状态实效状态实际要素处于最小实体状态，同时形位误差等于给出实际要素处于最小实体状态，同时形位误差等于给出 的形位公差值时的一种状态。的形位公差值时的一种状态。7.7.Leastmaterialvirtualsize最小实体实效尺寸（最小实体实效尺寸（LMVSLMVS）Term 术语术语Fig.3.51 LMVSFig.3.51 LMVSFig.3.52 Position of LMC3.7.5 Principle of independency3.7.5 Principle of independencyPrinciple of independencyThis principle sets no limits to the number of errors of form possessed by individual feature of a work piece.定义定义：图样上给定的每一个尺寸和形状、位置要求均是独立：图样上给定的每一个尺寸和形状、位置要求均是独立的，应分别满足要求。的，应分别满足要求。标注标注：不需加注任何符号。：不需加注任何符号。300-0.03300.015汇报结束谢谢大家!请各位批评指正